Eriri Basalt Na-eme Ka Ọ Dị Ọhụrụ n'oge Nkwurịta Okwu Ugboro Dị Elu

Ka ọdụ ntọala 5G na-aghọ nkọ, eriri ekwentị mkpanaaka na-abawanye ụba, na netwọk eriri fiber optic na-amụbawanye, ihe achọrọ maka akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta na-agbanwe site na "zuru oke" gaa na "oke": obere mfu dielectric, nchekwa elektrọnik dị elu, na-adị fechaa Owuwu ụlọ, na iguzogide ịka nká.
Ekele maka ihe ndị dị ka obere dielectric na-agbanwe agbanwe, ihe mkpuchi eke, na iguzogide ihu igwe siri ike, Basalt eriri na-achọta ọnọdụ ya na ihe ndị dị mkpa dịka eriri ọdụ isi, ihe ndị nwere ike iji eriri anya, na radomes. Kama ịkwaga ihe ndị dị adị, ọ na-enye nguzozi ka mma nke arụmọrụ na ịdị ọnụ ala maka ngwa ugboro ugboro na ọsọ dị elu.

Antenna na ihe ndị mejupụtara ọdụ isi ala

Radomes nke eriri na ihe nkwado njikọ chọrọ ihe ndị nwere obere dielectric constant na obere mfu iji belata mbelata mgbaàmà. Ọ bụ ezie na fiberglass ọdịnala nwere dielectric constant nke ihe dị ka 4.8, eriri basalt nke emebere nke ọma nwere ike ibelata nke a ruo 4.0–4.2, yana mbelata ihe dị ka 20% na tangent mfu. Na 2025, Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. tinyere akwụkwọ ikike maka "radome nke eriri basalt nke nwere obere dielectric." Site na iji usoro eriri a kapịrị ọnụ na ihe nzacha microsphere oghere, e wedara dielectric constant ruo 3.8 ebe iguzogide mmetụta karịrị nke fiberglass ọdịnala; ihe ahụ anwalelarị nnwale nnwale na ntinye ọdụ ntọala obere ogbe.
Ihe na-egosipụta antenna chọrọ oke nkwụsi ike na nkwụsi ike nha. Ihe na-egosipụta eriri basalt/polyurethane, nke e mepụtara site na mmekọrịta dị n'etiti ụlọ ọrụ dị na Huaying, Sichuan, na Huawei, nwere oke mgbasa nke ihe dị ka otu ụzọ n'ụzọ atọ nke alloy aluminum. Ọ na-eguzogide mgbanwe n'etiti mgbanwe okpomọkụ dị n'èzí ma na-ebelata ibu site na 40%.

Ndị otu Ike eriri eriri optic

Ihe siri ike dị n'ime eriri anya ga-eguzogide ike nrụgide n'oge nrụnye na ọrụ. Ihe ndị e ji eme ihe ọdịnala gụnyere waya ígwè—nke dị arọ ma na-emebi emebi—na aramid, nke dị oke ọnụ. Plastik e ji eriri basalt mee ka ọ sie ike Ndị otu ike (BFRP) apụtala dị ka ihe ọzọ dị mma. Na 2025, FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. nwetara patent (CN1195123A) maka "isi nkwado eriri basalt fiber optical cable na ụzọ nrụpụta ya." Site na iji usoro pultrusion, isi ahụ na-enweta ike nrụgide nke 1200 MPa na njupụta naanị otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke waya ígwè; Ọzọkwa, ọnụọgụ ya nke mgbasawanye okpomọkụ dakọtara na nke sheath eriri optical, na-egbochi mfu micro-bending nke mgbanwe okpomọkụ kpatara. Ejirila ngwaahịa a mee ihe na ọrụ eriri optical transoceanic, ebe nnọchi waya ígwè belatara mkpokọta ibu eriri site na 35% ma mụbaa arụmọrụ nrụnye site na 20%.
Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) na-akwalitekwa mmepe nke eriri basalt nke ejiri eriri basalt mee. Data nnwale ewepụtara na mbido 2026 na-egosi na eriri anya ikuku nke na-eji isi nkwado BFRP gosipụtara mbelata ọzọ nke ihe na-erughị 0.05 dB/km n'oge ule ịgbagharị okpomọkụ site na -40°C ruo 70°C, na-arụ ọrụ karịa ngwọta dabere na aramid.

Nkwakọ ngwaahịa eletrọniki na oghere nzacha

Ihe nzacha na oghere 5G chọrọ ihe ndị nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ eletriki dị elu na obere mfu akara. Ọ bụ ezie na a na-eji ọla eme ihe n'oge ochie, ha na-agụnye ihe achọrọ maka nhazi dị elu, ọnụ ahịa dị elu, na ibu dị ukwuu. Ngwakọta eriri basalt nke ejiri ígwè mee na-enye ihe ọzọ dị mma maka oghere ígwè. Na 2025, Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. tinyere akwụkwọ ikike maka "ihe mejupụtara ihe nchekwa electromagnetic dabere na eriri basalt na ojiji ya na nzacha"; usoro ahụ gụnyere ịmepụta oyi akwa na-eduzi n'elu ákwà eriri basalt site na mkpuchi ọla kọpa na-enweghị electro, wee soro ịkpụzi mkpakọ n'ime oghere nzacha. Nnwale na-egosi na Q-factor nke oghere ahụ na eriri ugboro ugboro 2.6 GHz yiri nke oghere aluminom, ebe a na-ebelata ibu site na 50% ma na-efu ihe dị ka 30%.
Ọzọkwa, usoro nkwado antenna dị n'ime chọrọ ike dielectric dị elu. Enwere ikike ikike maka ihe mejupụtara ya nke na-ejikọta eriri basalt na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) iji mepụta oghere dị ala nke na-efu obere dielectric nke ejiri maka ịnọpụ iche na nkwado n'etiti bọọdụ antenna.

Njikọta nke Ike Ịnara Ebili na Ike Ifesa Ebili

Ngwa nkwukọrịta nke oge a chọrọ ihe ndị na-ebufe ebili mmiri iji kwe ka akara gafere (dị ka radomes) na ebili mmiri na-amịkọrọ iji gbochie akara ma ọ bụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mkpa (dị ka n'ime oghere). Site na mgbanwe elu, enwere ike ịmepụta eriri basalt ka ha rụọ ọrụ abụọ ahụ n'otu oge. Nnyocha e bipụtara na 2025 site n'aka Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, gosiri uto nke nano-arrays nickel-cobalt n'elu eriri basalt. Mgbanwe a nyere eriri ndị ahụ arụmọrụ nnabata microwave nkezi nke 15 dB na oke ugboro 8-18 GHz, ebe ha na-echekwa ike igwe ha na ihe onwunwe dielectric dị ala. Enwere ike ịmepụta eriri ndị a na-arụ ọrụ ka ha bụrụ ihe mkpuchi na-amịkọrọ microwave maka itinye na mgbidi dị n'ime oghere ọdụ ntọala, na-egbochi nnyonye anya harmonic nke ọma.
Banyere usoro ndị na-agbanwe agbanwe na ndị na-amịkọrọ ebili mmiri, imewe patent na-eji nhazi gradient dị iche iche: oyi akwa mpụta nke eriri basalt/resin na-agbanweghi agbanwe (ebili-transparent) na oyi akwa dị n'ime nke eriri/resin na-amịkọrọ ebili mmiri agbanweela agbanwe, nke e mepụtara site na ịkpụzi mkpakọ dị n'ime ya. Nhazi a na-echebe antenna ahụ n'otu oge site na mmebi gburugburu ebe obibi ma na-amịkọrọ ihe mkpofu fọdụrụ n'ime oghere ahụ.

Ikpe Ngwa Bara Uru
1. ZTE 5G Base Station Radomes: Na mbido afọ 2026, ZTE kwupụtara ojiji nnwale nke radomes basalt fiber composite na ntinye netwọk 5G. Nsonaazụ nnwale gosiri na, ma e jiri ya tụnyere radomes fiberglass (FRP) nkịtị, oke mkpuchi mgbaàmà mụbara site na ihe dị ka 8%; na ​​mgbakwunye, ihe ahụ egosighi ncha ma ọ bụ mmebi elu na ihe onwunwe dielectric mgbe ọnwa isii nke ikpughe n'èzí gasịrị.
2. Hengtong Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable": Na ngwụcha afọ 2025, Hengtong Optic-Electric wepụtara eriri optical ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) nke nwere isi eriri basalt na-eme ka ọ sie ike, nke e mere maka eriri ike dị n'elu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere eriri ndị a na-eme ka aramid sie ike, ngwaahịa a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa nke ihe dị ka 15% na mmụba 10% na ike nrụgide; ọ meriela asọmpi maka ọrụ nkwukọrịta grid ike na ọtụtụ ógbè.
3. Oghere nzacha teknụzụ DaFu: Na 2025, DaFu Technology mepụtara obere oghere nzacha eriri basalt maka ojiji na ọdụ ntọala 5G nke onye nrụpụta akụrụngwa kpọmkwem. Nzaghachi ndị ahịa gosiri mbelata 1.2 kg na mkpokọta ibu nke unit ahụ na arụmọrụ okpomọkụ ka mma karịa ka a tụrụ anya ya (emere site na ime ka ike okpomọkụ nke eriri ahụ dịkwuo mma site na mgbakwunye nke ihe nzacha).
Ihe Mgbochi Atọ Maka Ịnabata Mmadụ n'Ebe Nile
1. Nkwụsi ike nke ihe onwunwe dielectric. Mgbanwe dị iche iche n'ime ihe ndị e ji emepụta basalt na-ebute mgbanwe na constant fiber dielectric (ihe dị ka ± 0.2). Maka ihe ndị e ji emepụta RF nwere nkọwa siri ike, nke a chọrọ nyocha ihe ndị ọzọ na nyocha n'ime ahịrị, si otú a na-akwalite ọnụ ahịa. 2. Ọnụ ego usoro nhazi metal n'elu. Electroless copper ma ọ bụ nickel plating na elu eriri - nke e ji mee oghere nchekwa electromagnetic - na-akpata nnukwu ụgwọ nhazi, na nrapado ogologo oge n'etiti mkpuchi na resin chọrọ nkwenye ọzọ.
3. Usoro asambodo ụlọ ọrụ dị ogologo. Ngwa nkwukọrịta ga-agafe ule nnweta netwọk nke ndị ọrụ na-eme; mgbanwe ọ bụla na ihe ndị a chọrọ asambodo ọzọ. Usoro a nwere ike were ọnwa 6 ruo 12, na-egbochi nnabata ngwa ngwa nke teknụzụ ọhụrụ.

N'akụkụ akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta, eriri basalt na-agbanwe site na mpụta gaa na isi. Site na radomes ruo na akụkụ ike nke eriri optical, site na oghere nzacha ruo na patches ndị na-amịkọrọ ebili mmiri, o nwetala ọnọdụ dị mkpa na akụrụngwa nkwukọrịta ugboro ugboro n'ihi uru ya jikọtara ọnụ nke obere ihe onwunwe dielectric, ọdịdị dị fechaa, na iguzogide ihu igwe.
Ihe mgbochi atọ dị mkpa ka dị: nkwụsi ike dielectric, ọnụ ahịa metallisation, na usoro asambodo. Agbanyeghị, site na mwepu miri emi nke 5G na mmalite nke nyocha 6G tupu emee, ọchịchọ ụlọ ọrụ nkwukọrịta maka ihe ọhụrụ dị oke mkpa karịa mgbe ọ bụla. Eriri basalt nwere ike ịghọ nhọrọ ihe dị mkpa maka inye ohere nnyefe mgbaàmà ngwa ngwa na nke kwụsiri ike karị.
Echiche Ọdịnihu
Nke mbụ, nhazi nke eriri basalt dị ala nke na-adịghị agbanwe agbanwe. Ka teknụzụ 5G na 6G na-agbanwe, ọchịchọ maka eriri nwere usoro dielectric dị n'okpuru 4.0 na tangent mfu dị n'okpuru 0.005; idozi nsogbu nhazi nke otu-otu ga-eme ka ụzọ maka ngwa buru ibu.
Nke abụọ, iji dochie ndị otu ike waya optical dị adị. Ọchịchọ kwa afọ nke mba m maka waya optical na-eru ọtụtụ narị nde kilomita nke eriri fiber; ndị otu ike BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) na-enye uru doro anya na ọnụ ahịa, ibu, na iguzogide nchara, na-enye nnukwu ohere maka nnọchi ahịa.
Nke atọ, ihe ndị mejupụtara ya nke na-ebufe ebili mmiri na nke na-amịkọrọ ebili mmiri. Ijikọta radome na oyi akwa dị n'ime nke na-amịkọrọ ebili mmiri n'ime otu akụkụ a kpụrụ akpụ nwere ike ibelata usoro mgbakọ ahụ ma belata ọnụ ahịa ya, na-eme ka ọ dị mma maka mmepụta oke.