I-Basalt Fiber Ingenisa Ixesha Elitsha Lonxibelelwano Oluqhelekileyo
Njengoko izitishi zesiseko ze-5G zisiba nzima, ii-antenna zefowuni zisiba ninzi, kwaye iinethiwekhi zentambo ze-fiber optic zisanda, iimfuno zezinto zonxibelelwano ziyatshintsha ukusuka ekubeni "zaneleyo" ukuya "ezigqithisileyo": ukulahleka okuphantsi kwe-dielectric, ukukhuselwa okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic, ukukhanya okulula. Ulwakhiwo, kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezifana ne-dielectric constant ephantsi, i-insulation yendalo, kunye nokumelana nemozulu enamandla, I-Basalt I-fiber ifumana indawo yayo kwiindawo eziphambili ezifana nee-antenna zesiseko se-base station, amalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical, kunye nee-radomes. Endaweni yokususa izinto ezikhoyo, inika ibhalansi ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwizicelo ezikhawulezayo nezikhawulezayo.
Ii-Antennas zeSitishi seBase kunye nee-RF Components
Ii-antenna radomes kunye neebrackets zokufakela zifuna izixhobo ezine-dielectric constant ephantsi kunye ne-tangent ephantsi yokulahleka ukunciphisa ukuncitshiswa kwesignali. Ngelixa i-fiberglass yendabuko ine-dielectric constant emalunga ne-4.8, i-basalt fiber eyenziwe ngcono ngokwe-composition inokunciphisa oku ukuya kwi-4.0–4.2, kunye nokunciphisa malunga ne-20% kwi-tangent yokulahleka. Ngo-2025, i-Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. yafaka ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi we-"basalt fiber-reinforced composite radome" ngokusebenzisa iipateni ezithile ze-fiber layup kunye ne-hollow microsphere fillers, i-dielectric constant yehliswa ukuya kwi-3.8 ngelixa ukumelana nempembelelo kudlule kwe-fiberglass yendabuko; le nto sele ivavanywe kwi-pilot kwi-small-batch base station deployments.
Ii-reflectors ze-antenna zifuna ukuqina okuphezulu kunye nozinzo oluphezulu. I-reflector ye-basalt fiber/polyurethane composite, eyenziwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwenkampani eHuaying, eSichuan, naseHuawei, ine-linear expansion coefficient enye kwisithathu kune-aluminium alloy. Iyamelana nokuguquguquka phakathi kokutshintsha kobushushu bangaphandle kwaye inika ukwehla kobunzima ngama-40%.
Amalungu eFiber Optic Cable Strength
Ilungu lokuqina elingaphakathi kwentambo ye-optical kufuneka limelane namandla okuxinana ngexesha lokufakelwa nokusebenza. Izinto zemveli ziquka ucingo lwentsimbi—olunzima kwaye lunokugqwala—kunye ne-aramid, ebiza kakhulu. Iplastiki eqiniswe ngefayibha yeBasalt Amalungu omandla (BFRP) avele njengenye indlela efanelekileyo. Ngo-2025, iFiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. ifumene ilungelo lobunikazi (CN1195123A) "lokuqinisa intambo ye-basalt fiber optical kunye nendlela yayo yokwenza." Isebenzisa inkqubo ye-pultrusion, i-core ifikelela kumandla okutsalwa kwe-1200 MPa kwaye uxinano lufikelela kwikota enye kuphela yocingo lwentsimbi; ngaphezulu koko, i-coefficient yayo yokwandiswa kobushushu ifana neye-optical cable sheath, ithintela ukulahleka kwe-micro-bending okubangelwa kukutshintsha kobushushu. Le mveliso isetyenzisiwe kwiprojekthi yentambo ye-optical transoceanic, apho ukutshintsha intambo yentsimbi kunciphisa ubunzima bentambo iyonke ngama-35% kwaye kwandise ukusebenza kakuhle kokufakelwa ngama-20%.
I-Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) ikwaphucula uphuhliso lweentambo ze-optical eziqiniswe yi-basalt fiber. Idatha yovavanyo ekhutshwe ekuqaleni kuka-2026 ibonisa ukuba iintambo ze-optical zomoya ezisebenzisa ii-BFRP reinforcement cores zibonise ukuncitshiswa okongezelelweyo okungaphantsi kwe-0.05 dB/km ngexesha lovavanyo lwe-thermal cycling oluqala kwi--40°C ukuya kwi-70°C, ziphumelela ngaphezu kwezisombululo ezisekelwe kwi-aramid.
IiCavity ze-elektroniki zokuPakisha kunye neeFiltha
Izihluzi kunye neengxangxasi ze-5G zifuna izinto ezinombane ophezulu kunye nokulahleka okuphantsi kwesignali. Nangona iintsimbi zisetyenziswa ngokwesiko, ziquka iimfuno eziphezulu zokuchaneka kokucubungula, iindleko eziphezulu, kunye nobunzima obukhulu. Iintsimbi ze-basalt fiber composites zibonelela ngenye indlela efanelekileyo endaweni yeengxangxasi zesinyithi. Ngo-2025, iWuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. yafaka ilungelo lomenzi wepatent "yezinto ezihlanganisiweyo ze-basalt fiber-based electromagnetic shielding kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiihluzi"; le nkqubo ibandakanya ukwenza umaleko oqhubayo kumphezulu welaphu le-basalt fiber nge-electroless copper plating, elandelwa kukubumba koxinzelelo kwingxangxasi yesihluzi. Uvavanyo lubonisa ukuba i-Q-factor yomngxuma kwibhendi ye-frequency ye-2.6 GHz iyafana neyeengxangxasi ze-aluminium, ngelixa ubunzima buncitshiswa ngama-50% kwaye iindleko zimalunga nama-30%.
Ukongeza, izakhiwo zenkxaso ye-antenna zangaphakathi zifuna amandla aphezulu e-dielectric. Kukho amalungelo obunikazi ee-composites ezidibanisa i-basalt fiber kunye ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ukwenza ii-spacers ze-dielectric-loss eziphantsi ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlukanisa kunye nokuxhasa phakathi kweebhodi ze-antenna.
Ukuhlanganiswa kweZakhono zokuFunxa amaza kunye nokudlulisa amaza
Izixhobo zonxibelelwano zanamhlanje zifuna izinto ezithumela amaza ukuze zivumele ukudlula kwemiqondiso (ezifana nee-radomes) kunye nokufunxa amaza ukuze kuthintelwe imiqondiso engafunekiyo okanye ukuxinana (ezifana nezingaphakathi kwimiqolo). Ngokutshintsha umphezulu, imiqolo ye-basalt inokwakhiwa ukuze yenze imisebenzi yomibini ngaxeshanye. Uphando olupapashwe ngo-2025 yiShenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), iChinese Academy of Sciences, lubonise ukukhula kwee-nano-arrays ze-nickel-cobalt kumphezulu wemiqolo ye-basalt. Olu tshintsho lunike imiqolo ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kokufunxa i-microwave ye-15 dB kuluhlu lwefrikhwensi ye-8–18 GHz, ngelixa igcina amandla ayo oomatshini kunye neempawu ze-dielectric eziphantsi. Ezi miqolo ezisebenzayo zinokwenziwa zibe ziindawo zokufunxa i-microwave ukuze zisetyenziswe kwiindonga zangaphakathi zemiqolo yesiseko, zithintela ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic.
Ngokuphathelele izakhiwo ezidityanisiweyo ezibonisa ukukhanya kwamaza kunye nezifunxa amaza, uyilo olunelungelo lomenzi lusebenzisa ulungelelwaniso lwe-gradient olunezingqimba ezininzi: umaleko wangaphandle we-basalt fiber/resin engaguqukiyo (ebonisa ukukhanya kwamaza) kunye nomaleko wangaphakathi we-modified wave-absorbing fiber/resin, owenziwe nge-integral compression molding. Olu lwakhiwo ngaxeshanye lukhusela i-antenna ekuwohlokeni kwendalo kwaye lufunxa intsalela ye-clutter ngaphakathi komngxuma.
Amatyala Okusetyenziswa Okusebenzayo
1. I-ZTE 5G Base Station Radomes: Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, i-ZTE yabhengeza ukusetyenziswa kovavanyo lwee-radomes ze-basalt fiber composite kwi-5G network deployment. Iziphumo zovavanyo zibonise ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nee-radomes ze-fiberglass (FRP) eziqhelekileyo, uluhlu lokugubungela isignali lunyuke malunga ne-8%; ngaphezu koko, izinto azibonisanga kutshintsha okanye ukuwohloka komphezulu kwiipropati ze-dielectric emva kweenyanga ezintandathu zokuvezwa ngaphandle.
2. Intambo ye-Hengtong Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable": Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, i-Hengtong Optic-Electric ikhuphe intambo ye-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) ene-core ye-basalt fiber eqinisayo, eyenzelwe imigca yombane ephezu komhlaba. Xa ithelekiswa neentambo ze-aramid-reinforced eziqhelekileyo, le mveliso inika ukwehla kweendleko malunga ne-15% kunye nokunyuka kwe-10% kwamandla okutsalwa; sele iphumelele amabhidi kwiiprojekthi zonxibelelwano lwegridi yombane kumaphondo amaninzi.
3. IiCavities zeDaFu Technology Filter: Ngowama-2025, iDaFu Technology yavelisa iqela elincinci lee-basalt fiber composite filter cavities ukuze zisetyenziswe kwizikhululo ze-5G zomenzi wezixhobo ezithile. Ingxelo yabathengi ibonise ukwehla kwe-1.2 kg kubunzima obupheleleyo beyunithi kunye nokusebenza okungcono kunokulindelekileyo kokusasazwa kobushushu (okufezekiswe ngokuphucula ukuhanjiswa kobushushu befayibha ngokongezwa kwezizalisi).
Imiqobo Emithathu Yokwamkelwa Kwabantwana Ngokubanzi
1. Uzinzo lweempawu ze-dielectric. Utshintsho lwe-batch-to-batch kwizixhobo ze-basalt eziluhlaza lukhokelela ekutshintsheni kwe-fiber dielectric constant (malunga ne-± 0.2). Kwizinto ze-RF ezineenkcazo ezingqongqo, oku kufuna ukuvavanywa okongeziweyo kwezinto eziluhlaza kunye nokuhlolwa okukwi-line, ngaloo ndlela kunyusa iindleko. 2. Iindleko zenkqubo yokwenza isinyithi kumphezulu. I-copper okanye i-nickel plating engena-electroless kwi-fiber surfaces—esetyenziselwa ukukhusela i-electromagnetic cavities—ibangela iindleko eziphezulu zokucubungula, kwaye ukunamathelana kwexesha elide phakathi kwengubo kunye ne-resin kufuna ukuqinisekiswa okungakumbi.
3. Imijikelo emide yesiqinisekiso soshishino. Izixhobo zonxibelelwano kufuneka ziphumelele uvavanyo lokufikelela kwinethiwekhi oluqhutywa ngabaqhubi; naluphi na utshintsho kwizixhobo lufuna ukuqinisekiswa kwakhona. Le nkqubo ingathatha iinyanga ezi-6 ukuya kwezili-12, ithintele ukwamkelwa ngokukhawuleza kwezobuchwepheshe obutsha.
Kwicandelo lezixhobo zonxibelelwano, i-basalt fiber iyatshintsha ukusuka emngceleni ukuya embilinini. Ukusuka kwii-radomes ukuya kumalungu okuqina kwentambo ye-optical, ukusuka kwiingxinano zesihluzo ukuya kwiipatches ezifunxa amaza, ifumene indawo ebalulekileyo kwiziseko zonxibelelwano ezisebenzisa amaxesha amaninzi ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezidibeneyo zeempawu eziphantsi ze-dielectric, indalo ekhaphukhaphu, kunye nokumelana nemozulu.
Kusekho imiqobo emithathu emikhulu: uzinzo lwe-dielectric, iindleko ze-metallization, kunye nemijikelo yesatifikethi. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuqaliswa okunzulu kwe-5G kunye nokuqaliswa kophando lwangaphambi kwe-6G, imfuno yeshishini lonxibelelwano lwezixhobo ezintsha ingxamisekile kunangaphambili. I-Basalt fiber inamandla okuba lukhetho lwezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuvumela ukuhanjiswa kwesignali okukhawulezayo noluzinzileyo.
Imbono yexesha elizayo
Okokuqala, ukubekwa emgangathweni kwefayibha ye-basalt ene-dielectric ephantsi. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe be-5G kunye ne-6G butshintsha, imfuno iyanda kwiifayibha ezine-dielectric constant engaphantsi kwe-4.0 kunye ne-loss tangent engaphantsi kwe-0.005; ukusombulula imiba yokungaguquguquki kwe-batch-to-batch kuya kuvula indlela yokusetyenziswa okukhulu.
Okwesibini, ukutshintsha amalungu ombane eentambo ze-optical ezikhoyo. Imfuno yonyaka yelizwe lam yeentambo ze-optical ifikelela kumakhulu ezigidi zeekhilomitha zefayibha; amalungu ombane e-BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) anika iingenelo ezicacileyo kwixabiso, ubunzima, kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, nto leyo ebonisa amandla amakhulu okutshintsha imarike.
Okwesithathu, izinto ezidityanisiweyo zolwakhiwo ezihambisa amaza nezifunxa amaza. Ukudibanisa i-radome kunye nomaleko wangaphakathi ofunxa amaza kwinxalenye enye ebunjiweyo kunokunciphisa amanyathelo okuhlanganisa kunye neendleko eziphantsi, okwenza kube yeyona ifanelekileyo kwimveliso enkulu.