Fibre ya Basalt yazanye igihe gishya cy'itumanaho rikoresha inshuro nyinshi

Uko sitasiyo za 5G zigenda zirushaho kuba nyinshi, antene za telefoni zigendanwa zirushaho kuba nyinshi, n'imiyoboro ya fiber optique irushaho kwaguka, ibikenerwa mu bikoresho by'itumanaho birimo guhinduka kuva ku "bihagije" kugera ku "bikabije": igihombo gito cya dielectric, uburinzi bwinshi bwa electromagnetic, uburemere bworoheje. Ubwubatsi, no kurwanya gusaza.
Kubera imiterere nk'ingufu nke zo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bw'umwimerere, no kwihanganira ikirere cyane, Basalt Fibre irimo kubona umwanya wayo mu bice by'ingenzi nka antene zo muri sitasiyo y'ibanze, ibice by'imbaraga z'insinga za optique, na radomes. Aho kwimura ibikoresho bisanzwe, itanga uburinganire bwiza mu mikorere no kugabanya ikiguzi ku bikorwa byihuta cyane kandi bikoresha inshuro nyinshi.

Antena za Station Base n'ibice bya RF

Radome za antena n'udukingirizo two gushyiraho bisaba ibikoresho bifite dielectric constant nke n'igihombo gito kugira ngo bigabanye kugabanuka kw'ibimenyetso. Nubwo fiberglass isanzwe ifite dielectric constant ya 4.8, fibre basalt ikozwe neza ishobora kugabanya ibi bigera kuri 4.0–4.2, hamwe no kugabanuka kwa 20%. Mu 2025, Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. yatanze patenti kuri "radome basalt fibre reinforced combined radome yoroshye." Binyuze mu gukoresha fibre layup patterns na microsphere fillers, dielectric constant yagabanutse igera kuri 3.8 mu gihe ubudahangarwa bw'ingaruka bwarenze ubwa fiberglass isanzwe; ibikoresho byamaze kugeragezwa mu buryo bw'igerageza mu gukwirakwiza station nto.
Utugarura-nyuma tw’uturemangingo tw’impeta (Antena reflectors) dukeneye gukomera cyane no kudahindagurika mu buryo buhanitse. Utugarura-nyuma tw’uturemangingo tw’impeta za basalt/polyurethane, twakozwe binyuze mu bufatanye hagati y’ikigo cyo muri Huaying, Sichuan, na Huawei, dufite ikigereranyo cyo kwaguka kw’impeta y ...

Ingufu z'Insinga za Fiber Optic

Ingufu ziri mu nsinga y'urumuri zigomba kwihanganira imbaraga zo gukurura mu gihe cyo kuyishyiraho no kuyikoresha. Ibikoresho gakondo birimo insinga z'icyuma—ziremereye kandi zishobora kwangirika—na aramid, ihenze. Plastike ikozwe muri fibre ya basalt Ingufu za (BFRP) zagaragaye nk'ubundi buryo bwiza. Mu 2025, FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. yabonye patenti (CN1195123A) y'"insinga ya basalt fibre optique reinforcement core n'uburyo bwo kuyikora." Ikoresheje uburyo bwo gupfundika, insinga igera ku mbaraga zo gukurura za 1200 MPa n'ubucucike bwa kimwe cya kane cy'insinga z'icyuma; byongeye kandi, coefficient yayo yo kwagura ubushyuhe ihuye n'iya optique sheath, ikarinda igihombo cyo kugonda giterwa n'ihindagurika ry'ubushyuhe. Iki gicuruzwa cyashyizwe mu mushinga w'insinga za optique transoanique, aho gusimbuza insinga z'icyuma byagabanyije uburemere bw'insinga ku kigero cya 35% no kongera ubushobozi bwo kuyishyiraho ku kigero cya 20%.
Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) nayo irimo guteza imbere iterambere ry’insinga za optique zishyigikiwe na basalt fiber. Amakuru y’igerageza yasohotse mu ntangiriro za 2026 agaragaza ko insinga za optique zo mu kirere zikoresha BFRP reinforcement cores zagaragaje ko zigabanukaho 0.05 dB/km mu gihe cy’ibizamini by’ubushyuhe kuva kuri -40°C kugeza kuri 70°C, zirusha ibisubizo bishingiye kuri aramid.

Uduce two gupakira no gushungura hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga

Imashini ziyungurura 5G n'ibice byometseho bisaba ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi menshi kandi bitakaza ibimenyetso bike. Nubwo ibyuma bisanzwe bikoreshwa, bisaba ko bitunganywa neza cyane, bihenda cyane, kandi bifite uburemere bunini. Imashini ziyungurura ibyuma za basalt zitanga ubundi buryo bushoboka bwo gusimbura ibice byometseho ibyuma. Mu 2025, Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. yatanze patenti y'"ibikoresho biyungurura amashanyarazi bishingiye kuri basalt n'ikoreshwa ryabyo muri mashini ziyungurura"; iyi gahunda ikubiyemo gukora urwego ruyobora amashanyarazi ku buso bw'imyenda ya basalt binyuze mu gupfunyika umuringa udafite amashanyarazi, hanyuma hagakurikiraho gukanda mu mwobo w'icyuma. Ibizamini bigaragaza ko Q-factor y'icyo cyuho mu muyoboro wa 2.6 GHz igereranywa n'iy'ibice byometseho aluminium, mu gihe uburemere bugabanukaho 50% kandi bugatwara hafi 30%.
Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’imbere y’antene isaba imbaraga nyinshi za dielectric. Hari patenti ku byuma bivanze fibre ya basalt na polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kugira ngo hakorwe intera ntoya za dielectric zikoreshwa mu kwitandukanya no gushyigikira hagati y’imbaho ​​za antene.

Guhuza ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza imiraba n'ubwo kohereza imiraba

Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigezweho bisaba ibice birimo kohereza amajwi kugira ngo bitume ibimenyetso binyura (nk'ama-radome) n'amajwi bikurura amajwi kugira ngo bihagarike ibimenyetso bidakenewe cyangwa akajagari (nk'uko biri mu myobo). Binyuze mu guhindura ubuso, imiyobo ya basalt ishobora gukorwa kugira ngo ikore imirimo yombi icyarimwe. Ubushakashatsi bwashyizwe ahagaragara mu 2025 n'Ikigo cya Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Ishuri Rikuru ry'Ubumenyi ry'Abashinwa, bwagaragaje ko imiyobo ya nickel-cobalt nano-arrays ikura ku buso bw'imiyobo ya basalt. Iri hinduka ryahaye imiyobo ubushobozi bwo kwinjiza mikoroonde bwa 15 dB mu rugero rwa 8–18 GHz, mu gihe bugumana imbaraga zabwo za mekanike n'imiterere ya dielectric nkeya. Iyi miyobo ikora ishobora gukorwamo uduce dukurura mikoroonde kugira ngo ikoreshwe ku nkuta z'imbere z'imyobo y'ibanze, bigahagarika neza uburyo bwo kubangamirana.
Ku bijyanye n'imiterere ihuriweho ihindura imiraba n'ifata imiraba, igishushanyo mbonera cyemewe gikoresha imiterere y'imiterere y'ibice byinshi: urwego rw'inyuma rwa fibre/resin ya basalt idahinduka (ihindura imiraba) n'urwego rw'imbere rwa fibre/resin ihindura imiraba, ikorwa binyuze mu gukanda ivanze. Iyi miterere irinda icyarimwe antene kwangirika kw'ibidukikije kandi ikayikuramo ibintu bisigaye mu mwobo.

Imanza zo Gushyira mu Bikorwa mu Buryo Bufatika
1. ZTE 5G Base Station Radomes: Mu ntangiriro za 2026, ZTE yatangaje igerageza ryo gukoresha radomes za basalt fibre composite mu ikoreshwa rya 5G network. Ibisubizo by'ibizamini byagaragaje ko, ugereranije na radomes zisanzwe za fiberglass (FRP), urwego rwo gukwirakwiza ibimenyetso rwiyongereyeho hafi 8%; byongeye kandi, ibikoresho nta shusho cyangwa kwangirika byagaragaye mu miterere ya dielectric nyuma y'amezi atandatu yo gukwirakwira hanze.
2. Hengtong Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable": Mu mpera za 2025, Hengtong Optic-Electric yasohoye insinga ya ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) ifite insinga yo gushimangira fibre ya basalt, yagenewe insinga z'amashanyarazi zo hejuru. Ugereranyije n'insinga zisanzwe zishyigikiwe na aramid, iki gicuruzwa gitanga igabanuka ry'ikiguzi cyacyo kingana na 15% n'izamuka rya 10% ry'imbaraga zo gukurura; yamaze gutsindira amarushanwa yo guhanga imishinga y'itumanaho ry'amashanyarazi mu ntara nyinshi.
3. Uduce twa Filter twa DaFu Technology: Mu 2025, DaFu Technology yakoze agace gato k'uduce twa fibre ya basalt two gukoreshwa mu duce twa 5G tw'uruganda rukora ibikoresho. Ibitekerezo by'abakiriya byagaragaje ko uburemere bwose bw'icyuma bwagabanutseho ibiro 1.2 ndetse n'imikorere myiza yo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe kurusha uko byari byitezwe (byagezweho no kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa fibre binyuze mu kongeramo utumashini twongeramo).
Imbogamizi eshatu zo kwakira abana mu buryo bukwirakwira
1. Gukomera kw'imiterere ya dielectric. Ihindagurika ry'ibikoresho fatizo bya basalt kuva ku itsinda rimwe kugeza ku rindi rituma habaho ihindagurika ry'ihindagurika rya fibre dielectric constant (hafi ± 0.2). Ku bice bya RF bifite ibisobanuro bikomeye, ibi bisaba ko habaho igenzura ryinshi ry'ibikoresho fatizo no kugenzura mu murongo, bityo bigatuma ikiguzi cyongerwa. 2. Ikiguzi cyo gutunganya icyuma. Gushyira umuringa cyangwa nikeli ku buso bwa fibre bidakoreshejwe amashanyarazi—bikoreshwa mu gukingira amashanyarazi—bitera ikiguzi kinini cyo gutunganya, kandi gufatana igihe kirekire hagati y'igitambaro na resin bisaba ko birushaho kwemezwa.
3. Inshuro ndende zo kwemeza ikoranabuhanga. Ibikoresho by'itumanaho bigomba gutsinda ibizamini byo gukoresha umuyoboro w'itumanaho bikorwa n'ababikora; impinduka iyo ari yo yose mu bikoresho bisaba kongera kwemeza. Iyi gahunda ishobora gufata amezi 6 kugeza kuri 12, bikabangamira ikoreshwa ryihuse ry'ikoranabuhanga rishya.

Mu rwego rw'ibikoresho by'itumanaho, fibre ya basalt iri kugenda iva ku nkengero ijya ku mutima. Kuva kuri radomes kugeza ku mbaraga z'insinga z'amashanyarazi, no kuva ku mashini ziyungurura kugeza ku bipimo bikurura umuraba, yabonye umwanya ukomeye mu bikorwa remezo by'itumanaho bikoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bitewe n'inyungu zayo zivanze zo kuba ifite imiterere mike ya dielectric, imiterere yoroheje, no kudahura n'ikirere.
Imbogamizi eshatu zikomeye ziracyari: kudahungabana kw'amashanyarazi, ikiguzi cyo gushyira mu bikorwa ibyuma, n'imyanya y'impamyabushobozi. Ariko, bitewe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryimbitse rya 5G no gutangiza ubushakashatsi bwa 6G mbere y'uko bikorwa, urwego rw'itumanaho rukeneye ibikoresho bishya ni ngombwa cyane kurusha mbere hose. Fibre ya basalt ifite ubushobozi bwo kuba amahitamo y'ibikoresho by'ingenzi kugira ngo yorohereze ubutumwa bw'amajwi vuba kandi buhamye.
Icyerekezo cy'ejo hazaza
Ubwa mbere, gushyiraho fibre ya basalt ifite dielectric nke. Uko ikoranabuhanga rya 5G na 6G rigenda ritera imbere, icyifuzo cy’imigozi ifite dielectric constant iri munsi ya 4.0 n’igihombo kiri munsi ya 0.005 kiri hejuru; gukemura ibibazo by’ubudasa bw’imigozi bizategura uburyo bwo kuyikoresha mu buryo bunini.
Icya kabiri, gusimbuza ibikoresho by’imbaraga z’insinga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya optique. Ubusanzwe igihugu cyanjye gikenera insinga zikoresha ikoranabuhanga rya optique buri mwaka, zigera kuri miliyoni amagana za kilometero za fibre; ibikoresho by’imbaraga bya BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) bitanga inyungu zigaragara mu kiguzi, uburemere, no kurwanya ingese, bigatuma habaho amahirwe menshi yo gusimbuza isoko.
Icya gatatu, ibice by’imiterere bihuza imiraba n’ibihuza imiraba. Guhuza radome n’urwego rw’imbere ruhuza imiraba mu gice kimwe cyabumbwe bishobora kugabanya intambwe zo guteranya no kugabanya ikiguzi, bigatuma biba byiza cyane mu gukora ibintu byinshi.