I-Basalt Fiber Iletha Inkathi Entsha Yokuxhumana Okuvame Kakhulu
Njengoba iziteshi ze-5G zikhula kakhulu, ama-antenna efoni eba maningi, kanye namanethiwekhi ekhebula le-fiber optic eba maningi, izidingo zezinto zokwakha imishini yokuxhumana ziyashintsha kusukela "ezanele" kuya "ezimbi kakhulu": ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-dielectric, ukuvikela okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic, ukungabi namandla. Ukwakhiwa, kanye nokumelana nokuguga.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezifana nokuqina okuphansi kwe-dielectric, ukuvikela kwemvelo, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuqinile, I-Basalt I-fiber ithola indawo yayo ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko njenge-antenna yesiteshi sesisekelo, amalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical, kanye nama-radome. Esikhundleni sokususa izinto ezikhona, inikeza ibhalansi ephezulu yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo nezimvamisa kakhulu.
Ama-Antenna eSiteshi Sesisekelo kanye Nezingxenye ze-RF
Ama-radome e-antenna kanye nama-bracket okufaka adinga izinto ezine-dielectric constant ephansi kanye ne-tangent yokulahlekelwa ephansi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuncishiswa kwesignali. Ngenkathi i-fiberglass yendabuko ine-dielectric constant engaba ngu-4.8, i-basalt fiber elungiselelwe ukwakheka inganciphisa lokhu kube ngu-4.0–4.2, ngokunciphisa cishe okungu-20% kwe-tangent yokulahlekelwa. Ngo-2025, i-Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. yafaka ilungelo lobunikazi "le-basalt fiber-reinforced composite radome ene-dielectric fiber ephansi." Ngokusebenzisa amaphethini athile e-fiber layup kanye nama-filler e-hollow microsphere, i-dielectric constant yehliswa yaba ngu-3.8 ngenkathi ukumelana nomthelela kudlula okwe-fiberglass yendabuko; izinto sezivele zihlolwe ekuhlolweni kokuhlola ezindaweni zokusetshenziswa kwesiteshi esincane.
Ama-reflector e-antenna adinga ukuqina okuphezulu kanye nokuqina kobukhulu. I-reflector ye-basalt fiber/polyurethane composite, eyakhiwe ngokubambisana phakathi kwenkampani eHuaying, eSichuan, naseHuawei, ine-coefficient yokukhulisa eqondile ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu nje kune-aluminium alloy. Iyamelana nokuguquguquka phakathi kokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa langaphandle futhi inikeza ukwehla kwesisindo okungu-40%.
Amalungu Amandla Ekhebula Le-Fiber Optic
Ilungu lamandla elingaphakathi kwekhebula le-optical kumele limelane namandla okudonsa ngesikhathi sokufakwa nokusebenza. Izinto zendabuko zifaka ucingo lwensimbi—olusindayo futhi oluvame ukugqwala—kanye ne-aramid, ebiza kakhulu. Ipulasitiki eqiniswe ngefayibha ye-basalt Amalungu amandla (BFRP) avele njengendlela engcono kakhulu. Ngo-2025, i-FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. ithole ilungelo lobunikazi (CN1195123A) "lesisekelo sokuqinisa ikhebula le-basalt fiber optical kanye nendlela yalo yokukhiqiza." Isebenzisa inqubo ye-pultrusion, isisekelo sifinyelela amandla okudonswa angu-1200 MPa kanye nobuningi obuyikota kuphela obufana nobentambo yensimbi; ngaphezu kwalokho, i-coefficient yayo yokwanda kokushisa ifana neye-optical cable sheath, ivimbela ukulahlekelwa kwe-micro-going okubangelwa ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa. Lo mkhiqizo usetshenziswe kuphrojekthi yekhebula le-optical elihamba ngaphesheya kolwandle, lapho ukufaka esikhundleni intambo yensimbi kunciphisa isisindo sekhebula eliphelele ngo-35% futhi kwandise ukusebenza kahle kokufakwa ngo-20%.
I-Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) nayo ithuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezintambo ze-optical eziqiniswe nge-basalt fiber. Idatha yokuhlola ekhishwe ekuqaleni kuka-2026 ikhombisa ukuthi izintambo ze-optical zasemoyeni ezisebenzisa ama-cores okuqinisa e-BFRP zibonise ukuncishiswa okwengeziwe okungaphansi kuka-0.05 dB/km ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokujikeleza kokushisa okusukela ku--40°C kuya ku-70°C, okusebenza kahle kakhulu kunezixazululo ezisekelwe ku-aramid.
Imigodi Yokupakisha Nokuhlunga Nge-elekthronikhi
Izihlungi kanye nezimbobo ze-5G zidinga izinto ezinogesi ophezulu kanye nokulahleka kwesignali okuphansi. Ngenkathi izinsimbi zisetshenziswa ngokwesiko, zidinga izidingo eziphezulu zokucubungula ngokunemba, izindleko eziphezulu, kanye nesisindo esikhulu. Izinhlanganisela ze-basalt fiber ezihlanganisiwe zinikeza enye indlela efanelekile esikhundleni sezimbobo zensimbi. Ngo-2025, iWuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. yafaka ilungelo lobunikazi "lezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezisekelwe ku-basalt fiber kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo ezihlungini"; inqubo ihilela ukwakha ungqimba oluhambisayo ebusweni bendwangu ye-basalt fiber nge-electroless copper plating, kulandelwe ukubumba kokucindezela kube yimbobo yokuhlunga. Ukuhlolwa kubonisa ukuthi i-Q-factor yembobo kubhendi yemvamisa ye-2.6 GHz ifana neyembobo ye-aluminium, kuyilapho isisindo sincishiswa ngo-50% kanye nezindleko cishe ngo-30%.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo zokusekela i-antenna zangaphakathi zidinga amandla aphezulu e-dielectric. Kukhona amalungelo obunikazi ezinto ezihlanganisiwe ezihlanganisa i-basalt fiber ne-polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) ukudala izikhala zokulahlekelwa yi-dielectric eziphansi ezisetshenziselwa ukuhlukaniswa nokusekelwa phakathi kwamabhodi e-antenna.
Ukuhlanganiswa Kwamakhono Okumunca Amagagasi Nokudlulisa Amagagasi
Imishini yesimanje yokuxhumana idinga izingxenye ezithumela amaza ukuze zivumele ukudlula kwesignali (njenge-radomes) kanye nokumunca amaza ukuze kucindezelwe izimpawu ezingafuneki noma ukuxinana (njengangaphakathi kwemigodi). Ngokushintsha ubuso, imicu ye-basalt ingaklanywa ukuze yenze yomibili imisebenzi ngasikhathi sinye. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa ngo-2025 yi-Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), i-Chinese Academy of Sciences, lubonise ukukhula kwama-nano-array e-nickel-cobalt ebusweni bemicu ye-basalt. Lokhu kuguqulwa kunikeze imicu ukusebenza okumaphakathi kokumunca i-microwave okungu-15 dB ebangeni lemvamisa engu-8-18 GHz, ngenkathi kulondolozwa amandla ayo okusebenza kanye nezakhiwo ze-dielectric eziphansi. Le micu esebenzayo ingakhiwa ibe yiziqeshana ezimunca i-microwave ukuze zisetshenziswe ezindongeni zangaphakathi zemigodi yesiteshi esiyisisekelo, kucindezelwe ngempumelelo ukuphazamiseka kwe-harmonic.
Ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo ezihlanganisiwe ezibonisa amaza kanye nezakhiwo ezimunca amaza, umklamo onelungelo lobunikazi usebenzisa ukucushwa kwe-gradient enezingqimba eziningi: ungqimba lwangaphandle lwe-basalt fiber/resin engaguquliwe (ebonisa amaza) kanye nongqimba lwangaphakathi lwe-fiber/resin emunca amaza eguquliwe, eyakhiwe nge-integral compression molding. Lesi sakhiwo sivikela i-antenna ngesikhathi esisodwa ekonakaleni kwemvelo futhi simunca imfucuza esele ngaphakathi kwe-cavity.
Amacala Okusebenza Okusebenzayo
1. I-ZTE 5G Base Station Radomes: Ekuqaleni kuka-2026, i-ZTE yamemezela ukusetshenziswa kwesivivinyo kwama-radomes e-basalt fiber composite ekusetshenzisweni kwenethiwekhi ye-5G. Imiphumela yokuhlola ibonise ukuthi, uma kuqhathaniswa nama-radomes e-fiberglass (FRP) avamile, ububanzi bokumbozwa kwesiginali bukhuphuke cishe ngo-8%; ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto azibonisanga ukugoba noma ukuwohloka kwendawo ezindaweni ze-dielectric ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuchayeka ngaphandle.
2. Ikhebula le-Hengtong Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable": Ngasekupheleni kuka-2025, i-Hengtong Optic-Electric ikhiphe ikhebula le-ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) elinomgogodla wokuqinisa i-basalt fiber, elenzelwe izintambo zikagesi ezihamba phezu kwazo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezintambo ezivamile eziqiniswe yi-aramid, lo mkhiqizo unikeza ukwehliswa kwezindleko cishe ngo-15% kanye nokwenyuka ngo-10% kwamandla okudonsa; kakade usuwine amabhidi amaphrojekthi okuxhumana kwegridi yamandla ezifundazweni eziningi.
3. Izimbobo Zokuhlunga Ze-DaFu Technology: Ngo-2025, i-DaFu Technology yakhiqiza inqwaba encane yezimbobo zokuhlunga ze-basalt fiber composite ukuze zisetshenziswe eziteshini ezithile ze-5G zomkhiqizi wemishini. Impendulo yamakhasimende ibonise ukwehla okungu-1.2 kg esisindweni esiphelele seyunithi kanye nokusebenza okungcono kunokulindelekile kokushabalalisa ukushisa (okufezwe ngokuthuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kokushisa kwe-fiber ngokufaka ama-filler).
Izithiyo Ezintathu Zokwamukelwa Okubanzi
1. Ukuqina kwezakhiwo ze-dielectric. Ukwehluka kwe-batch kuya kwe-batch ezintweni zokusetshenziswa ze-basalt kuholela ekushintsheni kwe-fiber dielectric constant (cishe ± 0.2). Ezingxenyeni ze-RF ezinemininingwane eqinile, lokhu kudinga ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kanye nokuhlolwa okuku-line, ngaleyo ndlela kukhuphule izindleko. 2. Izindleko zenqubo yokwenza insimbi engaphezulu. Ukufakwa kwe-copper noma i-nickel ngaphandle kwe-electron ezindaweni ze-fiber—okusetshenziselwa ukuvikela imigodi ye-electromagnetic—kufaka izindleko zokucubungula eziphezulu, futhi ukunamathela kwesikhathi eside phakathi kwengubo kanye ne-resin kudinga ukuqinisekiswa okwengeziwe.
3. Imijikelezo emide yesitifiketi semboni. Imishini yokuxhumana kumele iphumelele ukuhlolwa kokufinyelela kwenethiwekhi okwenziwa ngabaqhubi; noma yiluphi ushintsho ezintweni zokwakha ludinga ukuqinisekiswa kabusha. Le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga eziyi-6 kuya kweziyi-12, ivimbele ukwamukelwa ngokushesha kobuchwepheshe obusha.
Emkhakheni wemishini yokuxhumana, i-basalt fiber iyashintsha isuka emngceleni iye enkabeni. Kusukela kuma-radome kuya kumalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical, kanye nokusuka ezimbotsheni zokuhlunga kuya kuma-patches adonsa amagagasi, ithole isikhundla esibalulekile engqalasizinda yokuxhumana evame kakhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezihlangene zezakhiwo eziphansi ze-dielectric, isimo esilula, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu.
Kusele izithiyo ezintathu ezinkulu: ukuzinza kwe-dielectric, izindleko ze-metallization, kanye nemijikelezo yesitifiketi. Kodwa-ke, ngokuqaliswa okujulile kwe-5G kanye nokuqaliswa kocwaningo lwangaphambi kwe-6G, isidingo semboni yezokuxhumana sezinto ezintsha siphuthuma kakhulu kunanini ngaphambili. I-Basalt fiber inamandla okuba ukukhetha okubalulekile kwezinto zokwakha ukuvumela ukudluliswa kwesignali okusheshayo nokuzinzile.
Umbono Wesikhathi Esizayo
Okokuqala, ukwenziwa kwe-balalt fiber ene-dielectric ephansi ibe yi-standard. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe be-5G kanye ne-6G buthuthuka, isidingo siyanda se-fibers ene-dielectric constant engaphansi kuka-4.0 kanye ne-tangent yokulahlekelwa engaphansi kuka-0.005; ukuxazulula izinkinga zokungaguquguquki kwe-batch-to-batch kuzovula indlela yokusetshenziswa okukhulu.
Okwesibili, ukufaka esikhundleni samalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical akhona. Isidingo saminyaka yonke sezintambo ze-optical ezweni lami sifinyelela emakhulwini ezigidi zamakhilomitha e-fiber; amalungu okuqina e-BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) anikeza izinzuzo ezicacile ngezindleko, isisindo, kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, okuveza amathuba amakhulu okushintshaniswa kwemakethe.
Okwesithathu, izingxenye zesakhiwo ezihlanganisa amaza kanye nezingamunca amaza. Ukuhlanganisa i-radome kanye nengqimba yangaphakathi engamunca amaza engxenyeni eyodwa ebunjiwe kunganciphisa izinyathelo zokuhlanganisa kanye nezindleko eziphansi, okwenza kube kuhle kakhulu ekukhiqizweni ngobuningi.