Fiber na Basalt ya shigo cikin Sabon Zamani na Sadarwa Mai Yawan Yawa

Yayin da tashoshin tushe na 5G ke ƙara yawa, eriya ta wayar hannu ta ƙara yawa, da kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic, buƙatun kayan aiki don kayan aikin sadarwa suna canzawa daga kawai "isasshe" zuwa "matsananci": ƙarancin asarar dielectric, babban kariyar lantarki, nauyi mai sauƙi. Gine-gine, da kuma juriyar tsufa.
Godiya ga kaddarorin kamar ƙarancin dielectric constant, rufin yanayi, da juriya mai ƙarfi ga yanayi, Basalt fiber yana samun matsayinsa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tsakiya kamar eriya ta tashar tushe, membobin ƙarfin kebul na gani, da radomes. Maimakon maye gurbin kayan da ake da su, yana ba da daidaito mafi kyau na aiki da inganci ga aikace-aikacen mita mai yawa da sauri.

Entennas na Tashar Tushe da Abubuwan RF

Radomes na eriya da maƙallan haɗawa suna buƙatar kayan da ke da ƙarancin dielectric constant da ƙarancin asara don rage raguwar sigina. Duk da cewa fiberglass na gargajiya yana da dielectric constant na kimanin 4.8, fiber basalt da aka inganta a cikin abun da ke ciki na iya rage wannan zuwa 4.0–4.2, tare da raguwar kusan kashi 20% a cikin asarar tangent. A cikin 2025, Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. ta shigar da takardar izinin mallakar "radome mai haɗakar fiber basalt mai ƙarancin dielectric." Ta hanyar amfani da takamaiman tsare-tsare na fiber da cikewar microsphere mai zurfi, an rage dielectric constant zuwa 3.8 yayin da juriyar tasiri ta wuce ta fiberglass na gargajiya; kayan ya riga ya yi gwajin gwaji a cikin ƙananan tashoshin tushe.
Masu haskaka eriya suna buƙatar ƙarfin juriya da kwanciyar hankali mai girma. Mai haskakawa na basalt fiber/polyurethane composite reflector, wanda aka haɓaka ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa tsakanin wani kamfani a Huaying, Sichuan, da Huawei, yana da daidaitaccen faɗaɗawa mai layi ɗaya kawai na ƙarfen aluminum. Yana tsayayya da nakasa a tsakanin canjin yanayin zafi na waje kuma yana ba da raguwar nauyi da kashi 40%.

Membobin Ƙarfin Kebul na Fiber Optic

Ƙarfin da ke cikin kebul na gani dole ne ya jure wa ƙarfin tururi yayin shigarwa da aiki. Kayan gargajiya sun haɗa da wayar ƙarfe—wanda ke da nauyi kuma yana iya lalata—da kuma aramid, wanda yake da tsada. Roba mai ƙarfi da aka ƙara wa fiber na basalt Ma'aikatan ƙarfin (BFRP) sun fito a matsayin madadin da ya dace. A shekarar 2025, FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. ta sami takardar izinin mallaka (CN1195123A) don "ƙarfafa kebul na basalt fiber optical reinforcement core da hanyar ƙera shi." Ta amfani da tsarin pultrusion, core ɗin ya sami ƙarfin tensile na 1200 MPa da yawa kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na waya ta ƙarfe; haka kuma, yawan faɗaɗa zafi da yake da shi ya yi daidai da na murfin kebul na gani, yana hana asarar ƙananan lanƙwasawa da canjin zafin jiki ke haifarwa. An yi amfani da wannan samfurin a cikin wani aikin kebul na gani na transceanic, inda maye gurbin waya ta ƙarfe ya rage jimlar nauyin kebul da kashi 35% da kuma ƙara ingancin shigarwa da kashi 20%.
Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) shi ma yana ci gaba da haɓaka kebul na gani mai ƙarfi da aka ƙarfafa da fiber basalt. Bayanan gwaji da aka fitar a farkon 2026 sun nuna cewa kebul na gani na sama da ke amfani da cores na ƙarfafa BFRP sun nuna ƙarin raguwar ƙasa da 0.05 dB/km a lokacin gwaje-gwajen hawan zafi daga -40°C zuwa 70°C, wanda ya fi mafita na tushen aramid aiki.

Marufi na Lantarki da Tace Kofofi

Matatun 5G da ramuka suna buƙatar kayan da ke da ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa da ƙarancin asarar sigina. Duk da cewa ana amfani da ƙarfe a al'ada, suna buƙatar buƙatun daidaiton sarrafawa mai yawa, farashi mai yawa, da nauyi mai yawa. Haɗaɗɗun zare na basalt da aka yi da ƙarfe suna ba da madadin da ya dace da ramukan ƙarfe. A cikin 2025, Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. sun shigar da takardar izinin mallaka don "kayan haɗin kariya na electromagnetic na basalt fiber da aikace-aikacensa a cikin matattara"; tsarin ya ƙunshi ƙirƙirar Layer mai sarrafawa a saman masana'anta na basalt fiber ta hanyar plating na jan ƙarfe mara lantarki, sannan aka binne matsewa a cikin ramin tacewa. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa factor na Q na rami a cikin mitar mita 2.6 GHz yana kama da na ramukan aluminum, yayin da nauyi ya ragu da kashi 50% kuma farashin ya kai kusan kashi 30%.
Bugu da ƙari, tsarin tallafi na eriya na ciki yana buƙatar ƙarfin dielectric mai yawa. Akwai haƙƙin mallaka don haɗakar fiber na basalt tare da polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) don ƙirƙirar sarari mai ƙarancin dielectric da ake amfani da shi don keɓewa da tallafi tsakanin allunan eriya.

Haɗakar Ƙarfin Sha da Watsa Raƙuman Ruwa

Kayan aikin sadarwa na zamani suna buƙatar sassan da ke watsa raƙuman ruwa don ba da damar wucewar sigina (kamar radomes) da kuma ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa don danne siginar da ba a so ko tarko (kamar a cikin ramuka). Ta hanyar gyaran saman, ana iya ƙera zaruruwan basalt don yin ayyukan biyu a lokaci guda. Binciken da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Zamani ta Shenzhen (SIAT), Kwalejin Kimiyya ta China, ta buga a shekarar 2025, ya nuna haɓakar nau'ikan nano-arrays na nickel-cobalt akan saman zaruruwan basalt. Wannan gyare-gyaren ya bai wa zaruruwan matsakaicin aikin sha na microwave na 15 dB a cikin kewayon mitar 8-18 GHz, yayin da yake kiyaye ƙarfin injina da kaddarorin ƙarancin dielectric. Ana iya ƙera waɗannan zaruruwan aiki a cikin facin sha na microwave don amfani a bangon ciki na ramukan tashar tushe, yana rage tsangwama mai jituwa yadda ya kamata.
Dangane da tsarin haɗakarwa mai haske da kuma ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa, ƙirar da aka yi wa lasisi tana amfani da tsarin gradient mai yawa: wani Layer na waje na fiber/resin basalt wanda ba a gyara ba (mai haske da raƙuman ruwa) da kuma Layer na ciki na fiber/resin mai ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa wanda aka gyara, wanda aka samar ta hanyar haɗakar matsi. Wannan tsari yana kare eriya daga lalacewar muhalli kuma yana shan ragowar tarkace a cikin ramin.

Lambobin Aikace-aikacen Aiki
1. Radomes na Tashar Tushe ta ZTE 5G: A farkon shekarar 2026, ZTE ta sanar da amfani da radomes na basalt fiber composite radomes a cikin tsarin sadarwa na 5G. Sakamakon gwaji ya nuna cewa, idan aka kwatanta da radomes na fiberglass (FRP) na gargajiya, kewayon rufewar sigina ya karu da kusan kashi 8%; haka kuma, kayan bai nuna wani alli ko lalacewa a saman kayan dielectric ba bayan watanni shida na fallasa a waje.
2. Kebul na Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable" na Hengtong: A ƙarshen 2025, Hengtong Optic-Electric ya fitar da kebul na ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) wanda ke ɗauke da tsakiyar ƙarfafa fiber basalt, wanda aka tsara don layukan wutar lantarki na sama. Idan aka kwatanta da kebul na gargajiya da aka ƙarfafa aramid, wannan samfurin yana ba da raguwar farashi na kusan 15% da ƙaruwar ƙarfin juriya da kashi 10%; ya riga ya lashe tayin ayyukan sadarwa na layin wutar lantarki a larduna da yawa.
3. Tace Tace na Fasaha ta DaFu: A shekarar 2025, DaFu Technology ta samar da ƙaramin rukunin matattarar tacewa ta basalt fiber composite don amfani a cikin tashoshin tushe na 5G na wani kamfanin kera kayan aiki. Ra'ayoyin abokan ciniki sun nuna raguwar nauyin na'urar da kilogiram 1.2 da kuma aikin watsa zafi fiye da yadda aka zata (an cimma hakan ta hanyar haɓaka kwararar zafin zare ta hanyar ƙara abubuwan cikawa).
Matsaloli Uku Don Yaɗa Riƙo
1. Kwanciyar hankali na halayen dielectric. Bambancin tsari-zuwa-baki a cikin kayan basalt yana haifar da canzawa a cikin madaidaitan fiber dielectric (kimanin ± 0.2). Ga abubuwan RF masu ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu tsauri, wannan yana buƙatar ƙarin tantance kayan da kuma duba layi, wanda hakan ke haifar da farashi. 2. Kuɗin aiwatar da ƙarfe a saman. Rufin jan ƙarfe ko nickel mara amfani da wutar lantarki akan saman fiber - wanda ake amfani da shi don kariyar lantarki - yana haifar da babban farashin sarrafawa, kuma mannewa na dogon lokaci tsakanin murfin da resin yana buƙatar ƙarin tabbaci.
3. Dogayen zagayawa na takardar shaidar masana'antu. Dole ne kayan aikin sadarwa su wuce gwaje-gwajen shiga hanyar sadarwa da masu aiki ke gudanarwa; duk wani canji a kayan aiki yana buƙatar sake ba da takardar shaida. Wannan tsari na iya ɗaukar watanni 6 zuwa 12, wanda hakan ke kawo cikas ga rungumar sabbin fasahohi cikin sauri.

A ɓangaren kayan aikin sadarwa, fiber ɗin basalt yana canzawa daga gefen zuwa tsakiya. Daga radomes zuwa ga ƙarfin kebul na gani, da kuma daga ramukan tacewa zuwa faci masu ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa, ya sami matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin kayayyakin sadarwa masu yawan mita saboda fa'idodin da ke tattare da ƙananan halayen dielectric, yanayin sauƙi, da juriya ga yanayi.
Manyan cikas guda uku sun rage: kwanciyar hankali na dielectric, farashin ƙarfe, da zagayowar takaddun shaida. Duk da haka, tare da zurfafa aiwatar da 5G da kuma fara bincike kafin 6G, buƙatar masana'antar sadarwa don sabbin kayayyaki ya fi gaggawa fiye da kowane lokaci. Fiber na Basalt yana da damar zama babban zaɓi na kayan aiki don ba da damar watsa sigina cikin sauri da kwanciyar hankali.
Hasashen Nan Gaba
Da farko, daidaita fiber ɗin basalt mai ƙarancin dielectric. Yayin da fasahar 5G da 6G ke bunƙasa, buƙatar zare masu ƙarfin dielectric ƙasa da 4.0 da kuma tangaran asara ƙasa da 0.005; warware matsalolin daidaito tsakanin tsari-zuwa-tsari zai share fagen amfani mai yawa.
Na biyu, maye gurbin ƙarfin kebul na gani da ake da su a yanzu. Bukatar kowace shekara ta ƙasata ga kebul na gani ya kai ɗaruruwan miliyoyin kilomita na fiber; BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) masu ƙarfi suna ba da fa'idodi bayyanannu a cikin farashi, nauyi, da juriya ga tsatsa, suna ba da babban damar maye gurbin kasuwa.
Na uku, haɗakar sassan tsarin da ke watsa raƙuman ruwa da kuma ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa. Haɗa radome da layin ɗaukar raƙuman ruwa na ciki zuwa wani ɓangare guda ɗaya da aka ƙera zai iya rage matakan haɗawa da rage farashi, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da samar da taro.