Ka tīmata te muka basalt i tētahi wā hou o te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero auau-teitei
I te mea ka nui haere te kikī o ngā teihana turanga 5G, ka nui haere ngā pūihi waea pūkoro, ā, ka whānui haere ngā whatunga taura muka whatu, kei te neke haere ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te "rawa" noa iho ki te "tino nui": he iti te mate hiko, he teitei te parenga hikohiko, he mama. Hanganga, me te ātete ki te koroheketanga.
Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te iti o te pūmau dielectric, te whakamarumaru taiao, me te ātete kaha ki te huarere, Pātarati Kei te kitea te tūranga o te muka i roto i ngā wāhanga matua pērā i ngā pūihi teihana turanga, ngā mema kaha o te taura whatu, me ngā ratodema. Engari i te whakakore i ngā rauemi o nāianei, ka tukuna he taurite pai o te mahi me te whai huatanga utu mō ngā tono auau teitei, tere teitei.
Ngā Pūihi Teihana Tūāpapa me ngā Wāhanga RF
Ko ngā radome pūihi me ngā whāriki whakairi e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi he iti te pūmau dielectric me te iti te ngaronga o te tangen hei whakaiti i te whakaiti tohu. Ahakoa he tata ki te 4.8 te pūmau dielectric o te muka karāhe tuku iho, ka taea e te muka basalt kua arotauhia te hanganga te whakaiti i tēnei ki te 4.0–4.2, me te tata ki te 20% te whakaiti i te tangen ngaronga. I te tau 2025, i tukuna e Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. he patent mō te "radome hiato kua whakapakarihia ki te muka basalt iti-dielectric." Mā te whakamahi i ngā tauira whakatakotoranga muka motuhake me ngā whakakī microsphere tuwhera, i whakahekehia te pūmau dielectric ki te 3.8 i te mea he nui ake te ātete pānga i te ātete o te muka karāhe tuku iho; kua oti kē te whakamātautau whakamātautau i roto i ngā whakatakotoranga teihana turanga iti-papa.
Me tino pakari, me tino pumau hoki ngā āhua o ngā whakaata pūihi. Ko te whakaata hiato muka/polyurethane basalt, i whakawhanakehia mā te hononga mahi tahi i waenga i tētahi kamupene i Huaying, Sichuan, me Huawei, e whakamanamana ana ki te tauwehenga whānui raina kotahi-hautoru noa iho i te koranu konumohe. Ka ātete ki te whakarerekētanga i waenga i ngā piki me ngā heke o te pāmahana o waho, ā, ka tukuna he whakaiti i te taumaha mā te 40%.
Ngā Mema Kaha o te Taura Muka Whatu
Me tu atu te kaha o te taura whatu ki ngā kaha kume i te wā tāutanga me te wā whakahaere. Ko ngā rauemi tuku iho ko te waea maitai—he taumaha, he ngāwari ki te waikura—me te aramid, he utu nui. Kirihou whakakaha muka-pātarati (BFRP) kua puta ake hei huarahi pai rawa atu. I te tau 2025, i whiwhi a FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. i tētahi patent (CN1195123A) mō tētahi "matua whakapakari taura whatu muka basalt me tōna tikanga hanga." Mā te whakamahi i te tukanga pultrusion, ka eke te matua ki te kaha kume o te 1200 MPa me te mātotoru kotahi hauwhā noa iho i te matotoru o te waea maitai; hei tāpiri, ko tōna tauwehenga whānui wera e ōrite ana ki te uhi taura whatu, e ārai ana i ngā ngaronga piko-iti i puta mai i ngā huringa pāmahana. Kua whakatinanahia tēnei hua i roto i tētahi kaupapa taura whatu whakawhiti-moana, i reira ko te whakakapinga waea maitai i whakaiti i te taumaha taura katoa mā te 35% me te whakapiki i te pai o te tāutanga mā te 20%.
Kei te whakatairangahia hoki e te Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) te whanaketanga o ngā taura whatu kua whakapakarihia ki te muka basalt. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga whakamātautau i tukuna i te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, ko ngā taura whatu rangi e whakamahi ana i ngā matua whakapakari BFRP i whakaatu i te whakahekenga tāpiri iti iho i te 0.05 dB/km i te wā o ngā whakamātautau huringa wera mai i te -40°C ki te 70°C, he pai ake i ngā otinga aramid.
Ngā Tākai Hiko me ngā Poka Tātari
Ko ngā tātari me ngā poka 5G e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi he nui te kawe hiko me te iti o te ngaronga tohu. Ahakoa he mea tuku iho te whakamahinga o ngā konganuku, he nui ngā whakaritenga mō te tukatuka tika, te utu nui, me te taumaha nui. Ko ngā muka whakarewa kua whakarewahia he huarahi kē atu hei whakakapi i ngā poka konganuku. I te tau 2025, i tukuna e Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. he patene mō te "rauemi hiato parenga hikohiko e ahu mai ana i te muka basalt me tōna tono i roto i ngā tātari"; ko te tukanga ko te hanga i tētahi paparanga kawe hiko ki runga i te mata o te papanga muka basalt mā te whakakikorua parahi kore hiko, ā, muri iho ko te whakakoi pēhanga ki roto i te poka tātari. E whakaatu ana ngā whakamātautau he rite te Q-factor o te poka i roto i te roopu auau 2.6 GHz ki ērā o ngā poka konumohe, i te mea ka whakaitihia te taumaha mā te 50% me te utu mā te 30%.
Hei tāpiritanga, me nui te kaha o te dielectric o ngā hanganga tautoko pūihi ā-roto. Kei reira ngā pateni mō ngā hiato e whakakotahi ana i te muka basalt me te polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) hei hanga i ngā mokowā iti-dielectric-loss e whakamahia ana mō te wehe me te tautoko i waenga i ngā papa pūihi.
Te Whakaurunga o ngā Pūkenga Mimi-Ngaru me te Tuku-Ngaru
Ko ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero hou e hiahia ana ki ngā wāhanga e tuku ana i te ngaru hei tuku i te haere o ngā tohu (pērā i ngā radome) me te mimiti ngaru hei pehi i ngā tohu kāore e hiahiatia, i ngā mea e pōrearea ana rānei (pērā i roto i ngā kōhao). Mā te whakarerekētanga o te mata, ka taea te hanga i ngā muka basalt hei mahi i ngā mahi e rua i te wā kotahi. I whakaatuhia e te rangahau i whakaputaina i te tau 2025 e te Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, te tipu o ngā nano-array nickel-cobalt i runga i te mata o ngā muka basalt. Nā tēnei whakarerekētanga i whakawhiwhia ngā muka ki te mahi mimiti ngaruiti toharite o te 15 dB i roto i te awhe auau 8–18 GHz, me te pupuri tonu i tō rātou kaha miihini me ngā āhuatanga iti-dielectric. Ka taea te hanga i ēnei muka mahi hei papa mimiti ngaruiti hei tono ki ngā pakitara o roto o ngā kōhao teihana turanga, me te pehi pai i te pokanoa harmonic.
Mō ngā hanganga whakauru mārama-ngaru me te mimiti-ngaru, ka whakamahia e te hoahoa patent he whirihoranga pikinga maha-paparanga: he paparanga o waho o te muka/kapia basalt kāore i whakarerekētia (mārama-ngaru) me te paparanga o roto o te muka/kapia mimiti-ngaru kua whakarerekētia, i hangaia mā te whakahāngai kōpeketanga whakauru. I te wā kotahi, ka tiakina e tēnei hanganga te pūihi mai i te pirau taiao, ā, ka mimiti hoki i ngā toenga o te paru i roto i te kōhao.
Ngā Take Whakamahinga Whaihua
1. Ngā Radome o te Teihana Tūāpapa 5G a ZTE: I te tīmatanga o te tau 2026, i panuitia e ZTE te whakamahinga whakamātautau o ngā radome hiato muka basalt i roto i te whakatinanatanga whatunga 5G. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua whakamātautau, ki te whakaritea ki ngā radome muka karāhe tikanga (FRP), kua piki ake te whānuitanga o te kapinga tohu mā te 8% pea; i tua atu, kāore i whakaatuhia e te rauemi he tohu mata, he hekenga rānei o ngā āhuatanga dielectric i muri i ngā marama e ono o te whakaaturanga o waho.
2. Hengtong Optic-Electric "Tara Whatu Muka Basalt": I te mutunga o te tau 2025, i tukuna e Hengtong Optic-Electric tētahi taura whatu ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) kei roto he matua whakakaha muka basalt, i hangaia mō ngā raina hiko o runga. Ki te whakatauritea ki ngā taura whakakaha aramid tuku iho, ka tukuna e tēnei hua he whakahekenga utu tata ki te 15% me te pikinga 10% o te kaha kume; kua toa kē i ngā tono mō ngā kaupapa whakawhitiwhiti whatunga hiko i roto i ngā kawanatanga maha.
3. Ngā Pūwero Tātari Hangarau DaFu: I te tau 2025, i hangaia e DaFu Technology tētahi puranga iti o ngā pūwero tātari muka basalt hei whakamahi i roto i ngā teihana turanga 5G a tētahi kaihanga taputapu. I whakaatuhia e ngā urupare a ngā kiritaki he whakahekenga 1.2 kg o te taumaha katoa o te waeine me te mahi whakamarara wera pai ake i te mea i whakaarohia (i tutuki mā te whakarei ake i te kawe wera o te muka mā te tāpiri i ngā whakakī).
E Toru Ngā Ārai ki te Whānuitanga o te Whakawhāngai
1. Te pumau o ngā āhuatanga hiko-kore. Ko ngā rerekētanga puranga-ki-puranga o ngā rauemi mata basalt ka arahi ki ngā rerekētanga o te pūmau hiko-kore muka (tata ki te ±0.2). Mō ngā wāhanga RF he tino pakari ngā whakaritenga, me whai tirotiro rauemi mata me te tirotiro ā-roto anō tēnei, ā, ka piki ake ngā utu. 2. Ngā utu tukanga whakarewa mata. Ko te whakakikorua parahi, nikara rānei kore-hiko i runga i ngā mata muka—e whakamahia ana mō ngā kōhao ārai hiko-hiko—he nui ngā utu tukatuka, ā, me whakamana anō te piri roa i waenga i te paninga me te kapia.
3. Ngā huringa roa o te tiwhikete ahumahi. Me paahitia e ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero ngā whakamātautau urunga whatunga e whakahaerehia ana e ngā kaiwhakahaere; me whai tiwhikete anō ngā panonitanga rauemi katoa. E ono ki te tekau mā rua marama pea te roa o tēnei tukanga, ka ārai i te tere o te whakauru i ngā hangarau hou.
I roto i te rāngai taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, kei te neke te muka basalt mai i te taha ki te pūtake. Mai i ngā radome ki ngā mema kaha taura whatu, mai i ngā kōhao tātari ki ngā wāhi mimiti ngaru, kua mau i a ia tētahi tūranga nui i roto i te hanganga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero auau-teitei nā ōna painga o ngā āhuatanga iti o te dielectric, te āhua mama, me te ātete ki te huarere.
E toru ngā arai nui e toe ana: te pumau o te hikohiko, ngā utu whakarewa, me ngā huringa tiwhikete. Heoi, nā te whakatinanatanga hohonu o te 5G me te tīmatanga o te rangahau-mua o te 6G, kua nui ake te hiahia o te umanga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mō ngā rauemi hou i mua. Ka taea e te muka basalt te noho hei whiringa rauemi matua hei whakahohe i te tuku tohu tere ake, pumau ake hoki.
Te Tirohanga ā-Mārama
Tuatahi, ko te whakapūmau i te muka basalt iti-whakakore hiko. I te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau 5G me te 6G, kei te piki haere te hiahia mō ngā muka he pūmau whakakore hiko kei raro i te 4.0 me te pūnga ngaronga kei raro i te 0.005; mā te whakatau i ngā take ōritetanga puranga-ki-puranga ka whakawātea i te ara mō te tono tauine nui.
Tuarua, te whakakapi i ngā taura whatu o nāianei. Ko te hiahia ā-tau o tōku whenua mō ngā taura whatu e eke ana ki ngā rau miriona kiromita muka; he pai ngā painga o ngā taura kaha BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) i roto i te utu, te taumaha, me te ātete ki te waikura, he nui te pūmanawa hei whakakapinga mā te mākete.
Tuatoru, ngā wāhanga hanganga whakauru e tuku ana i te ngaru me te mimiti ngaru. Mā te whakauru i te radome me te paparanga mimiti ngaru o roto ki roto i te wāhanga kotahi i hangaia, ka taea te whakaiti i ngā mahi huihuinga me te whakaiti i ngā utu, ka pai ai mō te hanga papatipu.