Ulusi wa Basalt Umabweretsa Nthawi Yatsopano Yolankhulana Kwambiri

Pamene malo olumikizirana a 5G akuchulukirachulukira, ma antenna a mafoni akuchulukirachulukira, komanso ma network a fiber optic cable akuchulukirachulukira, zofunikira pazida zolumikizirana zikusinthasintha kuchoka pa "zokwanira" kupita ku "zoopsa": kutayika kochepa kwa dielectric, chitetezo chamagetsi chambiri, komanso kupepuka. Ntchito yomanga, ndi kukana ukalamba.
Chifukwa cha zinthu monga dielectric constant yochepa, kutchinjiriza kwachilengedwe, komanso kukana kwamphamvu kwa nyengo, Basalt Ulusi ukupeza malo ake m'zigawo zazikulu monga ma antenna a base station, ziwalo zamphamvu za chingwe cha optical, ndi ma radomes. M'malo mochotsa zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, umapereka magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi komanso mwachangu.

Ma Antena a Base Station ndi Zigawo za RF

Ma radome a ma antenna ndi ma bracket oyika amafunika zipangizo zokhala ndi dielectric constant yotsika komanso tangent yotsika yotayika kuti achepetse kuchepa kwa chizindikiro. Ngakhale fiberglass yachikhalidwe ili ndi dielectric constant ya pafupifupi 4.8, ulusi wa basalt wokonzedwa bwino ungachepetse izi kufika pa 4.0–4.2, ndi kuchepa kwa tangent yotayika pafupifupi 20%. Mu 2025, Comba Telecom (Guangzhou) Ltd. idapereka patent ya "radome yowonjezeredwa ndi basalt fiber yotsika yowonjezeredwa." Pogwiritsa ntchito mapangidwe enaake a fiber layup ndi ma microsphere fillers opanda kanthu, dielectric constant idatsitsidwa kufika pa 3.8 pomwe kukana kwa impact kudaposa kwa fiberglass yachikhalidwe; zinthuzo zayesedwa kale poyesa mu small-batch base station deployments.
Ma reflector a ma antenna amafuna kulimba kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwa mawonekedwe. Reflector ya basalt fiber/polyurethane composite, yopangidwa kudzera mu mgwirizano pakati pa kampani ku Huaying, Sichuan, ndi Huawei, ili ndi coefficient yowonjezereka ya mzere umodzi wokha kuposa ya aluminiyamu. Imalimbana ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kwakunja ndipo imapereka kuchepa kwa kulemera kwa 40%.

Zingwe za Mphamvu za CHIKWANGWANI CHA CHIKWANGWANI

Chiwalo champhamvu chomwe chili mkati mwa chingwe chowunikira chiyenera kupirira mphamvu zomangika panthawi yokhazikitsa komanso yogwira ntchito. Zipangizo zakale zimaphatikizapo waya wachitsulo—wolemera komanso wosavuta kuwononga—ndi aramid, womwe ndi wokwera mtengo. Pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi wa basalt (BFRP) mphamvu zake zapezeka ngati njira ina yabwino. Mu 2025, FiberHome Telecommunication Technologies Co., Ltd. inapeza patent (CN1195123A) ya "baselt fiber optical cable reinforcement core ndi njira yake yopangira." Pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopukutira, pakati pake pamakhala mphamvu yokoka ya 1200 MPa ndipo kuchuluka kwake ndi kotala limodzi mwa magawo anayi okha a waya wachitsulo; komanso, kuchuluka kwake kwa kutentha kumafanana ndi kwa waya wachitsulo, zomwe zimaletsa kutayika kwa micro-bending komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha. Chogulitsachi chagwiritsidwa ntchito mu projekiti ya transoceanic optical cable, komwe kusintha waya wachitsulo kunachepetsa kulemera konse kwa chingwe ndi 35% ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yoyika ndi 20%.
Yangtze Optical Fibre and Cable (YOFC) ikupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha zingwe zowunikira zolimbikitsidwa ndi basalt fiber. Deta yoyesera yomwe idatulutsidwa kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026 ikuwonetsa kuti zingwe zowunikira zam'mlengalenga zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito BFRP reinforcement cores zidawonetsa kuchepa kwina kwa 0.05 dB/km panthawi yoyesa kutentha kuyambira -40°C mpaka 70°C, zomwe zikugwira ntchito bwino kuposa mayankho ochokera ku aramid.

Mapaketi a Pakompyuta ndi Mabowo Osefera

Zosefera ndi mabowo a 5G zimafuna zipangizo zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri komanso kutayika kochepa kwa chizindikiro. Ngakhale kuti zitsulo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachizolowezi, zimaphatikizapo zofunikira kwambiri pakukonza molondola, mtengo wokwera, komanso kulemera kwakukulu. Zosakaniza za basalt fiber zopangidwa ndi zitsulo zimapereka njira ina yabwino m'malo mwa mabowo achitsulo. Mu 2025, Wuhan Fingu Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. idapereka patent ya "zinthu zomangira zamagetsi zoteteza maginito za basalt fiber ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito muzosefera"; njirayi imaphatikizapo kupanga gawo loyendetsa pamwamba pa nsalu ya basalt fiber kudzera mu electroless copper plating, kutsatiridwa ndi compression molding kukhala bowo la fyuluta. Mayeso akuwonetsa kuti Q-factor ya bowo mu 2.6 GHz frequency band ndi yofanana ndi ya aluminiyamu, pomwe kulemera kumachepetsedwa ndi 50% ndipo kumawononga pafupifupi 30%.
Kuphatikiza apo, mapangidwe othandizira ma antenna amkati amafunikira mphamvu yayikulu ya dielectric. Pali ma patent a zinthu zophatikizika zomwe zimaphatikiza ulusi wa basalt ndi polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) kuti apange malo ochepetsera ma dielectric omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatula ndikuthandizira pakati pa ma antenna board.

Kuphatikiza kwa Mphamvu Zoyamwa Mafunde ndi Kutumiza Mafunde

Zipangizo zamakono zolumikizirana zimafuna zigawo zomwe zimatumiza mafunde kuti zilole kuti zizindikiro zidutse (monga ma radomes) ndi mafunde kuti zichepetse zizindikiro zosafunikira kapena zinthu zosafunikira (monga mkati mwa mabowo). Kudzera mu kusintha kwa pamwamba, ulusi wa basalt ukhoza kupangidwa kuti ugwire ntchito zonse ziwiri nthawi imodzi. Kafukufuku wofalitsidwa mu 2025 ndi Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology (SIAT), Chinese Academy of Sciences, adawonetsa kukula kwa nickel-cobalt nano-arrays pamwamba pa ulusi wa basalt. Kusintha kumeneku kunapatsa ulusiwo mphamvu yapakati yoyamwa ma microwave ya 15 dB mu 8–18 GHz frequency range, pomwe akusunga mphamvu zawo zamakaniko ndi katundu wawo wotsika wa dielectric. Ulusi wogwiritsidwa ntchito uwu ukhoza kupangidwa kukhala ma patches oyamwa ma microwave kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito pamakoma amkati a mabowo a base station, kuletsa bwino kusokoneza kwa harmonic.
Ponena za kapangidwe kophatikizana kowonekera bwino kwa mafunde ndi koyamwa mafunde, kapangidwe kovomerezeka kamagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe amitundu yambiri: gawo lakunja la basalt fiber/resin yosasinthidwa (yowonekera bwino kwa mafunde) ndi gawo lamkati la ulusi/resin wosinthidwa woyamwa mafunde, wopangidwa kudzera mu integral compression molding. Kapangidwe kameneka kamateteza nthawi imodzi antenna ku kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe ndipo kamayamwa zinthu zotsalira mkati mwa dzenje.

Milandu Yogwiritsira Ntchito Yothandiza
1. ZTE 5G Base Station Radomes: Kumayambiriro kwa chaka cha 2026, ZTE idalengeza kugwiritsa ntchito ma radomes a basalt fiber composite mu netiweki ya 5G. Zotsatira za mayeso zikuwonetsa kuti, poyerekeza ndi ma radomes a fiberglass (FRP) wamba, kuchuluka kwa ma signal coverage kunakwera ndi pafupifupi 8%; komanso, zinthuzo sizinawonetse kusweka kwa pamwamba kapena kuwonongeka kwa dielectric patatha miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yowonekera panja.
2. Chingwe cha Hengtong Optic-Electric "Basalt Fiber Optical Cable": Kumapeto kwa chaka cha 2025, Hengtong Optic-Electric idatulutsa chingwe cha ADSS (All-Dielectric Self-Supporting) chokhala ndi pakati pa basalt fiber reinforcement core, chopangidwira mizere yamagetsi yoyendetsedwa pamwamba. Poyerekeza ndi zingwe zachikhalidwe zolimbikitsidwa ndi aramid, chinthuchi chimapereka kuchepetsa mtengo kwa pafupifupi 15% ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 10% kwa mphamvu yomangirira; chapambana kale ma projekiti olumikizirana ndi gridi yamagetsi m'maboma angapo.
3. Ma Cavities a Filter a DaFu Technology: Mu 2025, DaFu Technology idapanga gulu laling'ono la ma base filter a basalt fiber composite kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo oyambira a 5G a wopanga zida. Ndemanga za makasitomala zidawonetsa kuchepa kwa 1.2 kg mu kulemera konse kwa chipangizocho komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri kuposa momwe amayembekezera (zomwe zidachitika powonjezera kutentha kwa ulusi kudzera mu kuwonjezera ma filler).
Zopinga Zitatu Zokhudza Kutengera Ana Ambiri
1. Kukhazikika kwa mphamvu za dielectric. Kusintha kwa batch-to-batch mu zinthu zopangira basalt kumabweretsa kusinthasintha kwa fiber dielectric constant (pafupifupi ± 0.2). Pazigawo za RF zomwe zili ndi mafotokozedwe okhwima, izi zimafuna kufufuza kwina kwa zinthu zopangira ndi kuyang'ana pa intaneti, motero zimakweza ndalama. 2. Ndalama zoyendetsera zitsulo pamwamba. Kupaka mkuwa kapena nickel popanda magetsi pamalo a ulusi—komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza ma cavities amagetsi—kumabweretsa ndalama zambiri zogwirira ntchito, ndipo kumamatira kwa nthawi yayitali pakati pa chophimba ndi utomoni kumafuna kutsimikiziridwa kwina.
3. Nthawi yayitali yopezera satifiketi yamakampani. Zipangizo zolumikizirana ziyenera kupambana mayeso olowera pa netiweki omwe amachitidwa ndi ogwira ntchito; kusintha kulikonse kwa zinthu kumafuna satifiketi yobwezeretsanso. Njirayi ingatenge miyezi 6 mpaka 12, zomwe zingalepheretse kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano mwachangu.

Mu gawo la zida zolumikizirana, ulusi wa basalt ukusuntha kuchoka ku mphepete kupita ku pakatikati. Kuchokera ku ma radome kupita ku ziwalo zamphamvu za chingwe cha kuwala, komanso kuchokera ku ma filter caves kupita ku ma wave-surbing patches, yapeza malo ofunikira mu zomangamanga zolumikizirana zama frequency apamwamba chifukwa cha ubwino wake wophatikizana wa mphamvu zochepa za dielectric, kupepuka, komanso kukana nyengo.
Zopinga zitatu zazikulu zatsala: kukhazikika kwa dielectric, ndalama zogulira zitsulo, ndi maulendo a satifiketi. Komabe, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwakukulu kwa 5G ndi kuyambitsa kafukufuku wa 6G, kufunikira kwa makampani olumikizirana mauthenga pazinthu zatsopano ndikofunikira kwambiri kuposa kale lonse. Ulusi wa basalt uli ndi kuthekera kokhala chisankho chofunikira kwambiri kuti zitheke kutumiza ma signal mwachangu komanso mokhazikika.
Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo
Choyamba, kukhazikika kwa ulusi wa basalt wopanda dielectric wambiri. Pamene ukadaulo wa 5G ndi 6G ukusintha, kufunikira kwa ulusi wokhala ndi dielectric constant pansi pa 4.0 ndi tangent yotayika pansi pa 0.005 kukukwera; kuthetsa mavuto okhudzana ndi kusinthasintha kwa batch-to-batch kudzatsegula njira yogwiritsira ntchito kwakukulu.
Chachiwiri, kusintha zida zomwe zilipo kale zolimbitsa chingwe. Kufunika kwa zingwe zolimbitsa chingwe chaka chilichonse m'dziko langa kumafika makilomita mazana ambiri a ulusi; zida zolimbitsa chingwe za BFRP (Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer) zimapereka ubwino womveka bwino pamtengo, kulemera, ndi kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mwayi waukulu wosintha msika.
Chachitatu, zigawo zomangira zomwe zimatumiza mafunde ndi mafunde pamodzi. Kuphatikiza radome ndi gawo lamkati loyamwa mafunde mu gawo limodzi lopangidwa kungachepetse masitepe osonkhanitsira ndi kuchepetsa ndalama, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kupanga zinthu zambiri.