Te Pānga o te Muka Pātara ki te Mahi o te Konukura Ā-roto
muka pātarati, hei rauemi hou, kore-waro, mahi-teitei, me te hoa-taiao, ka tino whakarei ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini, te roa, me te mahi a te raima uruhanga. Kei raro nei he tātaritanga maha-ahu o ōna pānga me ngā tawhā arotau:
- Pānga ki ngā Āhuatanga Mīhini
Te Kaha Whakapiki me te Kaha Tūngou Kua Whakapaitia
muka pātarati Ka whakarei ake te whakakaha i te kaha pēhanga me te piko o te raima uruhanga. E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau ka hangaia e ngā muka he hanganga whatunga toru-ahu, ka whakapakari i te hononga i waenga i ngā konganuku me te whakapiri sima, me te aukati i te horapa o te kapiti. Hei tauira:
Kaha Pēhi: Mō ngā muka 12 mm me te 24 mm, ka piki ake te kaha pēhi i te tīmatanga, kātahi ka heke iho i te nui haere o te muka. Ko te horopeta tino pai ko te 0.1%–0.15% (mā te rōrahi), ā, ko ngā muka 24 mm ka eke ki te kaha pēhi teitei o te 24.3 MPa (i te horopeta 0.1%).
Kaha Piko: He nui ake te pānga o te roa o te muka ki te kaha piko. Hei tauira, ka whakanui ake te muka 18 mm i te kaha piko mā te 66.44% ki te whakaritea ki te raima noa nā te mea ka pai ake te hononga ā-mata mai i te pikinga o te hononga muka-kohatu.
Te Whakapai Ake i te Pakari me te Ngāwari
Ko te "pānga honohono" o muka pātaratiKa whakapai ake i te pakari, ka neke i ngā momo rahunga mai i te pakarukaru ki te ngāwari. E whakaatu ana te tātaritanga karuārahi ka whakau ngā muka i te hanganga angaanga i roto i te hanganga sima, ka ārai i te tipu o ngā kapiti.
Pānga ki te Āheinga
Te Whakaiti i te Tauwehenga Āheinga
Mā te whakaurunga muka ka āraia ngā pūwero, ka whakaitihia te urunga o te muka. Hei tauira, mā te whakanui ake i te nui o te muka mai i te 0.05% ki te 0.2% ka whakaiti haere i te tauwehenga urunga, engari e tutuki tonu ana i ngā whakaritenga (hei tauira, te urunga >1 mm/s i te 20% pūwero).
Te Whakataurite i ngā Tawhā Porosity me te Muka
Ka whakanui ake ngā muka roa ake (hei tauira, 12 mm → 24 mm) i te porosity engari ka whakaiti tonu i te permeability.
Mā te whakakotahi i ngā muka me ngā ranunga kohuke (hei tauira, te pungarehu rere) ka whakapai ake i te hanganga o ngā pore, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga o te uruhanga me te pupuri tonu i te kaha.
- Te Ātete Hukapapa Whakapai Ake
Ngā muka pātarati whakarei ake i te hanganga o roto, ka tino whakanui ake i te ātete ki te huka:
I muri i te 100 huringa tio-rewa, ka whakaatuhia e ngā tauira kua whakakahangia ki te muka he tere ngaronga papatipu he iti iho i te 0.9% me te pupuri i te 62.5% o te modulus dynamic elastic.
Mā te mahi tahi me te pungarehu rere (hei tauira, 6% pungarehu rere + 6 kg/m³ muka) ka tutuki te ātete hukapapa tino pai, nā te mea ka whakatikatikaina e te pungarehu rere te hanganga o ngā pūwero, ā, ka pehia e ngā muka te pakaru o te huka-rewa.
- Ngā Tawhā Arotau Matua
Te Roa o te Muka: E taunakihia ana kia 24 mm ngā muka hei whakataurite i te kaha me te uruhanga, ahakoa he tino pai ngā muka 18 mm ki te kaha piko.
Awhe Inenga: 0.1%–0.15% mā te rōrahi (2–6 kg/m³ rānei mā te papatipu). Mēnā ka nui rawa te inenga, ka tūpono te whakaemi o ngā muka, ka iti ake te kaha ki te mahi.
Ngā Rauemi Whakakotahi: Ka whakarei ake te pungarehu rere (6%–15%), te paoa hiraka rānei (6%–9%) i ngā āhuatanga ā-pūkaha, ā, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga o te uruhanga.
- Ngā Taunakitanga Tono
Ngā horopaki: He pai mō ngā ara hīkoi, ngā marae whānui, me ngā rohe makariri e hiahia ana kia uru te wai, kia kaha hoki.
HangangaWhakamahia te tikanga whakaranu "whakakotahitanga pania-sima" hei whakarite kia rite te marara o te muka, kia kore ai hoki e piri.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, ka arotau te muka basalt i te hanganga moroiti me te mahi ā-pūkaha o te raima uruhanga, engari he mea nui te whakahaere pakari i ngā tawhā horopeta me te tukanga hei whakataurite i te kaha me te uruhanga. Me arotahi ngā rangahau ā muri ake nei ki te whakarerekētanga o te mata o te muka me te mahi tahi maha-rauemi hei wikitoria i ngā herenga mahi o nāianei.
