Ngā Pūrongo

I te mea ka nui haere te kikī o ngā teihana turanga 5G, ka nui haere ngā pūihi waea pūkoro, ā, ka whānui haere ngā whatunga taura muka whatu, kei te neke haere ngā rauemi e hiahiatia ana mō ngā taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero mai i te "rawa" noa iho ki te "tino nui": he iti te ngaronga hiko, he teitei te parenga hikohiko, he mama te hanganga, me te ātete ki te koroheketanga.
Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te iti o te pūmau dielectric, te whakamarumaru taiao, me te ātete kaha ki te huarere, kei te kitea te tūranga o te muka basalt i roto i ngā wāhanga matua pēnei i ngā pūihi teihana turanga, ngā mema kaha o te taura whatu, me ngā radome. Engari i te whakakore i ngā rauemi o nāianei, ka tukuna he taurite pai o te mahi me te whai huatanga utu mō ngā tono auau teitei, tere teitei.

Nō nā tata nei, whai muri i ngā tau maha o te wikitoria i ngā arai hangarau, i angitu te Whare Wānanga o Wuhan Textile ki te kukume i te basalt mārō ki roto i ngā muka he pai ake i te makawe tangata, ā, i whatua hei "Basalt Dragon-Scale Suit" e kaha ana ki te tu atu i ngā pāmahana o te 1300°C. Ko tēnei putanga hou, kua arohia e ngā umanga kakahu matua, ehara i te mea e whakatika ana i ngā ngoikoretanga tiaki o ngā kakahu tinei ahi tuku iho engari e whakatutuki ana hoki i te mahi pai ake i te utu iti iho. Nō nā tata nei i toro atu ai ngā māngai o te Tari Ahi me te Whakaora o Wuhan ki te whare wānanga ki te tono i tētahi puranga o ēnei kakahu. Kua arohia e te auahatanga ehara i te mea mai i ngā pakihi o Hubei o te rohe engari mai i ngā kamupene kakahu matua maha puta noa i te motu.

He pai te BFRP mō ngā hanganga taumaha-waenga ki te taumaha-iti i roto i ngā UAV iti, ā, he pai hoki mō te whakaiti i te taumaha, te ātete ki te waikura, me te whakaiti i te whakamākū/te wiri; heoi, me karo i ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia pakari rawa. Mena ehara te pakari i te mea nui engari ko te utu, he pai ake te whai huatanga o te BFRP i te CFRP.

Mai i ngā haki ā-motu muka pārūrū e wherahia ana i te taha tawhiti o te marama ki ngā hanganga matua o ngā papa ahumoana moana hohonu, tae atu ki ngā turanga iti ātete-ngatata o ngā huarahi tere, kua tūwhera ngā rauemi pārūrū i roto i ngā taiao tino kino me ngā kaupapa hangarau o ia rā nā tō rātou ātete tino pai ki te pāmahana teitei, te ātete ki te waikura, me te mahi ārai-pakeke.

I hangaia tēnei toka puia tūturu nā te whakamatao me te whakapakeketanga o te magma i roto i te hohonu o te Ao, ā, he āhuatanga 'mārō' tēnei toka puia tūturu ina tukatukahia, he nui atu i ngā rauemi tuku iho. Nō reira, kua waiho hei rauemi rerekē e pai ana mō ngā mahi hangahanga teitei, te hangarau hanganga, me ngā rāngai rererangi. I tēnei rā, ka wehewehea e mātou te kaha o te mahi a ngā rauemi basalt puta noa i ngā āhuatanga matua e toru kia mārama ai he aha te mea e pakari ai.

Ngā piriti whakawhiti moana, ngā taunga wai hohonu, ngā pāmu hau tai... Ahakoa he mea whakamiharo ēnei "tino nunui" i hangaia i te moana ki te titiro atu, ka tu atu rātou i te "mamae kino" o ia rā o te horo o ngā ngaru, te waikura tote me te kawakore, me ngā huringa makuku-maroke. I roto i tēnei taiao, ko te whakarite kia mau tonu ngā hanganga raima kua whakapakeketia—kia kore e pakaru, e ngatata, e pakaru wawe rānei—kua roa nei hei wero uaua mō te hapori hangarau o te ao.

Mō te wā roa, kua whakauruhia ngā muka rino ki roto i te raima hei whakapakari i te pakari me te ārai i te pakaru. Heoi, he maha ngā wā kāore e pai ngā muka rino mō ngā āhuatanga uaua o te rehu tote me te wai moana; ina uru ngā katote hauota ki roto i ngā kapiti o te raima, ka waikura, ka whānui te rahinga o ngā muka rino, ā, he rerekē te āhua ka pakaru te raima mai i roto ki waho, ka tere ake te hinga o te hanganga.
Nō nā tata nei, kua tukuna mai he otinga tino whaihua i roto i tētahi rangahau rauemi hou e aro ana ki te pakari o te hangarau moana: ka taea te whakamahi i ngā muka pātarati—e hangaia ana mā te tango i ngā aho mai i te toka puia tūturu—hei whakakikorua i te raima moana ki tētahi paparanga "pūeru" e tino ātete ana ki te waikura. Ka tutukihia tēnei mā te tauira whakarōpūtanga maha-tauine e whakaatu ana i te huinga o ngā "muka nui mō te hononga hanganga" me ngā "muka iti mō te hiri i ngā pore."

I a ngā waka rererangi kore-rangi e haehae ana i te rangi ki te aroturuki i ngā ahi mura, ā, i a ngā karetao atamai e mahi ana i ngā mahi auau me te tika i runga i te papa wheketere, ko te mahi whai hua o tēnei taputapu atamai e tautokona ana e te "tautoko pakari" e ngāwari ana te wareware: he rauemi hou i ahu mai i te toka puia—te muka basalt. Ahakoa te āhua iti, nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei i waiho hei kī ki te wetewete i ngā rohe mahi o ngā waka rererangi kore-rangi me ngā karetao, e akiaki puku ana i te hurihanga rauemi i roto i te ao o ngā taputapu atamai.

I hangaia mā te whakarewa i te toka papara tūturu i ngā pāmahana mai i te 1,450°C ki te 1,500°C me te kukume mai hei muka, he maha ngā painga o tēnei rauemi kore-ora hou—tae atu ki te kaha māmā, te ātete ki te huarere, te ātete ki te waikura, me te hoahoa taiao—e whakakaha ana i te hurihanga rauemi i roto i ngā ahumahi waka rererangi me te karetao. I tēnei rā, kia hurahia ōna āheinga huna!

He rauemi muka kore-ora te muka pātarati i hangaia mā te tango i ngā miro mai i te konganuku pātarati tūturu i muri i te rewa i ngā pāmahana teitei. Kua arohia whānuitia mō ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana, ā-matū hoki—ina koa ko tōna mahi i roto i ngā taiao pāmahana teitei. He mea nui, ko te muka pātarati ātete-pāmahana teitei—he wāhanga matua o tēnei rauemi—e whakaatu ana i te uara ahurei i roto i ngā tono maha e hiahia ana kia pakari ki ngā pāmahana tino kino.

Nō nā tata nei, nā te angitu o te whakatinanatanga o ngā tono nui—pērā i te misioni tūhuratanga o te marama o Chang'e-6 me te tūāpapa whakatipu ika muka paratati moana hohonu tuatahi o te ao—kei te tere te tere o te whakawhiti o te muka paratati mai i te putanga rangahau taiwhanga ki tētahi rauemi rautaki hou me te hua ahumahi kitea. Nā te mea he pai ki te taiao, he iti te waro, he māmā, he kaha teitei, he ātete ki te huarere, me te ātete ki te waikura, kua tautokona te muka paratati e tētahi pūnaha whānui o te aroturuki kounga me ngā paerewa—e whakatutuki ana i ngā putanga hou i roto i ngā tono ā-rangi me te hokohoko whānui i roto i ngā rāngai ā-iwi, ā, nā reira ka whakapakari tonu i te whakataetae whānui o te umanga.

I roto i te hapori waka rererangi korere, kua roa te whakaaro ko te muka waro te paerewa "koura mangu". Heoi, ki te mea kua hoha koe ki ngā utu nui rawa, ki te pokanoa nui ki te tohu GPS, ki ngā ringaringa anga rānei ka pakaru hei puehu i te pānga, ko te "mana o te toka puia"—Muka Basalt—kei te whakarerekē marie i ngā ture o te kēmu.
Ina koa, ehara te papanga muka basalt twill 200gsm i te whakakapi tika mō te muka waro; he taahiraa nui hoki i roto i te whanaketanga o ngā anga mō ngā waka rererangi iti ki te rahi.

He miro tonu te muka basalt i hangaia mai i te konganuku basalt tūturu; ka whakarewahia te konganuku ki te pāmahana teitei, kātahi ka tere te kume mā roto i te pūnga konukōre platinum-rhodium. Ko tōna tae he parauri koura te āhua. Ko te konganuku basalt tonu he toka noa i hangaia i muri i ngā pahūtanga puia, ā, he nui ngā rahui, ā, he whānui te horapa puta noa i te kirinuku o te Ao. Ko te huri i tēnei kohatu noa hei muka mahi-teitei he tauira o te auahatanga o te pūtaiao rauemi hou.
Mō te hanganga matū, ko te muka basalt he mea hanga nui ki ngā waikura—pērā i te hauhā silicon, te waikura konumohe, te waikura konupūmā, me te waikura konupora—ā, e whakarōpūtia ana hei muka silicate. Ko tōna tukanga whakaputa he mea e ātaahua ana ki te taiao. Ka whakamahanahia te konganuku basalt ki te āhua rewa i roto i ngā oumu pāmahana teitei; puta noa i tēnei tukanga katoa, kāore he matū matū e tāpirihia ana, kāore hoki he hau para kino e puta mai ana, ā, ka taea te hangarua me te whakamahi anō i te para hua. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi muka hangai e hiahia ana ki ngā tukanga matū uaua mō tā rātou whakarite, he tino māmā te tukanga hanga mō te muka basalt, ā, he iti ake te pūngao e pau ana.
Kei waenganui i ngā āhuatanga mahi o te muka basalt ngā āhuatanga o te muka karāhe kaha-tiketike me te muka waro; he maha ngā āhuatanga pai e whakauruhia ana e ia, ā, ka kitea te whakamahinga whai hua puta noa i te whānuitanga o ngā mara.