Muka Kore-Pararopi Taiao Ātete-Pāmahana Teitei, Ātete-Waikura—Muka Pātara.

muka pātaratihe rauemi muka kore-waro i hangaia mai i te toka basalt tūturu. Ka tukatukahia mā roto i ngā tukanga rewa me te kukume pāmahana teitei, ka hua ake he pumau Matū me ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana. He maha ngā whakamahinga o tēnei muka i roto i ngā mara maha, e tohuhia ana e te nui o ngā rauemi mata me te tino māmā o te tukanga whakaputa.

Ko te wāhanga matua o muka pātarati he kōhatu pātarati. He kōhatu puia noa te pātarati, he mea hanga te nuinga mai i ngā kohuke silicate, kei roto ko te hauhā silicon, te waikura konumohe, te waikura rino, me ētahi atu wāhanga. I muri i te maimoatanga pāmahana teitei, ka taea e ēnei wāhanga te hanga i tētahi hanganga muka tonu. I te wā o te tukanga hanga, ka kuruhia tuatahitia te kōhatu pātarati kia iti, kātahi ka rewa i roto i te oumu pāmahana teitei. Kātahi ka kumea te pātarati rewa mā roto i tētahi taputapu tuhi motuhake hei hanga i ngā muka angiangi. Ka taea te tukatuka i ēnei muka ki ngā āhua rerekē e hiahiatia ana, pērā i ngā muka tapatapahi, ngā muka tonu, ngā whāriki muka rānei.
Mai i te tirohanga o te mahi ā-tinana, muka pātarati He ātete pāmahana teitei. Ka taea te noho pumau i ngā pāmahana teitei, ā, kāore e ngāwari te rewa, te pirau rānei. He pai hoki te ātete waikura o tēnei muka, me te ātete kaha ki te nuinga o ngā matū. Mō ngā āhuatanga miihini, he kaha te muka basalt, ā, he nui te modulus elastic, e hoatu ana he painga ki a ia i roto i te mara o ngā rauemi whakapakari.

Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu momo muka, muka pātarati He āhuatanga ahurei ōna i ētahi āhuatanga. Hei tauira, ki te whakatauritea ki te muka karāhe, he pai ake tōna ātete pāmahana; ki te whakatauritea ki te muka waro, he iti ake tōna utu. Heoi, he āhuatanga e tika ana mō ia momo muka, ā, kāore he rerekētanga o te muka pātarati. Nā ōna āhuatanga mahi ka whakatau he pai ake pea mō ētahi mara motuhake.
Mō te hangarau whakaputa, he pai te āhua o te tukanga hanga muka basalt ki te taiao. Nā te mea he konganuku tūturu te rauemi mata, kāore e hiahiatia he maimoatanga matū uaua, ā, ka iti ake te para i te wā whakaputa. Ka whakaitihia hoki e te tukanga rewa pāmahana teitei te tukunga o ngā matū kino. Mā tēnei ka puta muka pātarati he painga mō ngā tono he nui ngā whakaritenga taiao.
Mō ngā whakamahinga, ko te muka pātarati te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi whakakaha, ngā rauemi whakamahana wera, me ngā rauemi tātari. I roto i ngā rauemi whakahiato, ka taea te mahi hei wāhanga whakakaha hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga miihini o te rauemi matihiko. I roto i te mara o te whakamahana wera, nā tōna ātete ki te pāmahana teitei he mea pai hei whiringa mō ngā rauemi whakamahana wera. Nā tōna pumau matū hoki e pai ai mō ngā rauemi tātari i roto i ētahi taiao motuhake. Mai i te tirohanga ōhanga, he ngāwari te whakahaere i te utu whakaputa o te muka pātarati. He whānui te wātea o ngā rauemi mata, ā, kua pakari te hangarau tukatuka, ka hua ake he utu mākete pumau. Ki te whakatauritea ki ētahi atu muka mahi-teitei, he whakataetae tōna whai huatanga utu i roto i ētahi whakamahinga. Ko te tikanga, ka pāngia te utu motuhake e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā utu rauemi mata, ngā utu pūngao, me te tauine whakaputa.

Mō te rokiroki me te kawe, me aro nui ki te muka o te paparete kia tiakina te makuku me te karo i te pēhanga. Ahakoa he pumau ōna āhuatanga matū, ka pāngia pea tōna mahi mēnā ka roa te noho ki ngā taiao makuku. Ko te tikanga, me rongoa ki te taiao maroke, hauhautanga hoki, ā, me karo hoki i te whakatakoto i ngā mea taumaha ki runga. I te wā e kawe ana, me āta tupato hoki kia kore ai e whati, e rerekē rānei te muka.
Mō te haumaru, he haumaru te muka papara i raro i ngā tikanga whakamahinga noa. Heoi, nā tōna āhua muka, me mahi ngā mahi tiaki i te wā e hangaia ana, e tukatukahia ana rānei kia kore ai e hongihia te puehu muka. He rite tēnei ki te maha atu o ngā momo rauemi muka, e hiahiatia ana ngā mahi tiaki tika.
Mō ngā tūmanakohanga whanaketanga, kei te tūhuratia tonutia ngā wāhi tono o te muka papara. Mā te whanaketanga o te pūtaiao rauemi me ngā whakapainga o te hangarau tukatuka, ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna mahi, ā, ka whānui ake pea tōna whānuitanga tono. Heoi, me rangahau tonu tēnei me te whakamana mahi.
Hei whakarāpopototanga, he rauemi muka kore-ora motuhake te muka pātarati. Nā ōna āhuatanga mahi me te whakamahinga ka whai wāhi ia ki te pūtaiao rauemi. Mā te mārama ki ōna āhuatanga me te whānuitanga e tika ana ka āwhina i te whakamahi pai ake i tōna pūmanawa.