Kupfekedza Zvivako zveMarine ne "Bulletproof Vests" Uchishandisa Dombo reGomo Rinoputika? MaFiber eBasalt Akakura Anoputsa Kugadzikana kweKuora kweFiber dzeSimbi

Mabhiriji ekuyambuka gungwa, nzvimbo dzemvura yakadzika, mapurazi emhepo ari kunze kwegungwa... Kunyange zvazvo aya "mahombe makuru" akavakwa mugungwa achiyevedza kuona, anotsungirira "kutambudzwa kwakanyanya" kwezuva nezuva kwekukura kwemafungu, ngura yemunyu nealkali, uye kuchinjana kwemvura nechando. Munzvimbo yakadaro, tichiona kuti kuoma Zvivako zvekongiri kuramba wakasimba—kusina kupwanyika, kutsemuka, kana kukundikana nguva isati yakwana—kwave kuri dambudziko rinonetsa munharaunda yepasi rose yeinjiniya.
Kwenguva yakareba, Fiber yeSimbis dzave dzichishandiswa kakawanda mukongiri kuti dziwedzere kusimba uye dzidzivirire kutsemuka. Zvisinei, simbi dzinowanzo ratidza kusakodzera mamiriro akaoma ekupfapfaidza munyu nemvura yegungwa; kana maion echloride apinda mumipata iri mukati mekongiri, simbi dzinoita ngura uye dzinowedzera vhoriyamu, zvichikonzera kuti kongiri itsemuke kubva mukati zvichienda kunze uye zvichikurumidzisa kuputsika kwechimiro.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, chidzidzo chitsva chakanangana nekugara kwenguva refu kweinjiniya yemugungwa chakapa mhinduro inovimbisa zvikuru: shinda dzebasalt—inogadzirwa nekukweva tambo kubva pamatombo egomo rinoputika—inogona kushandiswa kufukidza kongiri yegungwa ne "nhumbi" dzisingabatwe nengura. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemuenzaniso wekuwedzera zvidimbu zvakawanda une musanganiswa we "mafiber makuru ekubatanidza zvivakwa" uye "mafiber madiki ekuvhara maburi."

I. Zvakavanzika Zvinodzivirira Kuora Zvakavanzwa Mumatombo Anoputika

Kugadzirisa zvikanganiso zvakakosha zviri muzvinhu zviripo—kunyanya kukanganisa kwesimbi kuita ngura uye katsika ke organic fibers (senge polypropylene kana polyvinyl alcohol) kekukwegura nekuora munzvimbo dze alkaline concrete—Basalt Matayi anoratidza zvakanakira zvinhu zvikuru. Zvinogadzirwa nekunyungudutsa dombo remuchadenga remuchadenga pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kurikwevera kuita matayi, chimiro charo chikuru chinosanganisira network isina chimiro ye silicon-oxygen uye aruminiyamu-oxygen bonds. Chimiro ichi chemuchadenga, chakavakirwa pamatombo, chinoratidza kusagadzikana kwakanyanya kwemakemikari kana chikasangana nemvura ine alkaline yakawanda mukati mekongiri nenzvimbo ine munyu wakawanda wemvura yegungwa, nokudaro zvichibvisa njodzi dzemuviri dzine chekuita ne "ngura, ngura, uye kuwedzera kwehuwandu." Kuti vawane kuramba kwakanyanya kwekuputika uye kusapinda mvura, tsvakiridzo yazvino inosiyana nepfungwa yechinyakare ye "single-fiber", ichipa pfungwa ye "multi-scale homogeneous basalt fiber system":

Yakamonyoroka nemaumbirwo makuru Mafiber eBasalt (SBF): Fiber dzakakora, refu, uye dzakamonyoroka dzakapararira mukati me matrix; basa radzo guru nderekubatanidza nekubatanidza macro-cracks dziripo, nokudaro zvichiita kuti flexural flexural strength irambe yakasimba uye yakasimba.

Micro-structural Chopped Basalt Microfibers (NBF): Microfibers dzakapfava, dzakafanana nejecha, dzinopinda mumigero midiki uye mumigero iri mukati me simende yakaoma, zvichivhara nzira dzinopinda mumvura yegungwa uye zvinodzivisa kupararira kwezvimedu zvidiki zvinotanga kutsemuka.

Nzira iyi "yekubatanidza kwakakora uye kwakanaka" inogadzira dandemutande rakakora, rakaomarara rakarukwa mukati mechivako chekongiri—nzira yakakwana yekudzivirira inobata zvese kusapinda kwemvura uye kudzora kutsemuka panguva imwe chete.

II. Bvunzo ye "Utsinye" yeMazuva 270 yeKubhururuka Kwemvura Yakaoma uye Yakanyorova

Kuti vaone kana kongiri itsva iyi yaigona "kurarama kwenguva refu" munzvimbo yegungwa, timu yekutsvagisa yakatevedzera nzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru inochinja-chinjana mvura neyakaoma. Izvi zvaisanganisira kuwedzera kaviri huwandu hwemvura yegungwa uye kuisa sampuli dzacho mumatanho akasiyana-siyana ekuomesa pakupisa kwakanyanya (pa45°C) uye kuzara kwakazara—nenguva yega yega yemaawa makumi maviri nemana ichiumba kutenderera kumwe chete kwakazara kwemvura neyakaoma.
Mushure memazuva mazana maviri nemakumi manomwe edambudziko iri rakaoma, sampuro dzekongiri dzinosanganisira masisitimu akasiyana-siyana efiber dzakaratidza mhedzisiro dzakasiyana kwazvo dzekushanda:

Boka reAll-Basalt Multi-scale Hybrid (B15N02: kureva, 1.5% coarse fibers + 0.2% microfibers): Boka iri rakapa mhedzisiro inoshamisa zvikuru. Mushure memazuva 270, chiyero chayo chakaenzana chekuchengetedza simba reflexural chakamira pa76.14% inoshamisa, nepo chiyero chayo chekutanga chekuchengetedza simba rekuputika chakasvika 90.67%. Uyezve, kurasikirwa kwakawanda kunokonzerwa nekupararira kwemvura yegungwa kwaive 1.43% chete. Pakatarisana nemamiriro ekunze, maitiro ese ekuora kwezvinhu akaenderera mberi nekunonoka uye zvishoma nezvishoma.

Boka reSimbi Fiber Hybrid (S15N02): Kuora kusati kwatanga, boka iri rakaratidza kushanda kwakasimba kwekutanga kweflexural - mhedzisiro yakananga yekuomarara kwakanyanya kwemafiber esimbi pachawo. Zvisinei, pakasvika mazuva 270, kongiri yakasimbiswa nefiber yesimbi yakanga yachinja zvakanyanya kushanda kwayo. Nekuda kwengura yakawanda, chiyero chayo chakaenzana chekuchengetedza simba reflexural chakaderera kusvika pa50.22% (zvichideredza simba rayo nehafu); muzvikamu zvekupedzisira, maitiro akasiyana-siyana ekuwedzera anokonzerwa nengura uye mitswe zvakaonekwa.

III. Kurwisana neMicroscopic: Sei Simbi Ichidonha Uku Basalt Ichiri Yakasimba?

Mifananidzo yakatorwa kuburikidza neScanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) inoratidza zvakananga hunhu hwemusiyano wekushanda pakati pezvinhu zviviri izvi:

Kukundikana Kwakaipisisa KwemaFiber Esimbi: Mvura yegungwa neokisijeni zvinopinda nyore nyore nemumaburi madiki ari mukongiri kuti zvibate simbi, zvichikonzera ngura yakanyanya yemagetsi. Huremu hwengura yesimbi yakatsvuka-tsvuku inowedzera kusvika pakati pe2 ne6.5 yehukuru hwayo hwepakutanga. Kumanikidzwa kukuru uku kwemukati kunosundidzira zvakananga pa matrix yakapoteredza yesimbi, zvichigadzira network yemitswe midiki ye radial. Sezvo kukuvara kwemukati kuchiwedzera, chisungo chiri pakati pemafiber esimbi ne matrix yekongiri chinoora zvachose; pakupedzisira, kana yakaremerwa, mafiber anogona kudhonzwa nyore nyore kana kutsvedza—zvingave zvizere kana kuti zvishoma—zvichikonzera kurasikirwa nekuomarara kwechimiro chawo.

Kugadziriswa Nyoro kwe Mafiber eBasalt: Fiber dzebasalt hadziratidzi kuwedzera kwehuwandu kana dzakaiswa mumvura yegungwa. Maitiro adzo ehydrolysis—anoratidzwa nekunyungudika zvinyoro nyoro kweSi-O-Si bonds—anoenderera mberi nekunonoka zvakanyanya, zvichikonzera kungoita makomba madiki uye kupwanyika kwenzvimbo pa nanoscale. Kure nekukuvadza matrix, kupwanyika uku kudiki kwenzvimbo kunowedzera kukweshana pakati pefiber nekongiri yakapoteredza.

Uyezve, magadzirirwo emusanganiswa wekongiri anowanzo sanganisira zvigadzirwa zvemaindasitiri—zvakaita semadota anobhururuka uye slag—kutsiva simende yechinyakare zvishoma. Kunyange zvazvo tsika iyi ichideredza kuburitswa kwekabhoni panguva yekugadzirwa ne27%, inoderedzawo zvakanyanya alkalinity yenguva refu yekongiri. Izvi zvinogadzira "capsule inodzivirira alkali" yakapfava, "inodzivirira alkali" yefibers dzebasalt, zvichiwedzera kudzvinyirira mwero wekunyungudika kwayo.

IV. Kushanda Nemakomba Here? Zvinogonawo Kudzivirira Kukuvara Mune Remangwana

Mumashandisirwo einjiniya chaiwo, zvikamu zvechivako zvinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu "akakuvara". Kuti vatevedzere chokwadi ichi, timu yekutsvagisa yakagadzira mitswe midiki inotangira pa 0.1 mm kusvika 0.3 mm muhupamhi mukati mezviyedzo:

Muboka resimbi, kuvapo kwemakatsemuka aya kwakabvumira hunyoro kupinda zvakananga munzvimbo yekudhonza; izvi zvakaita kuti pave nekurasikirwa nekukurumidza kwesimba resimbi uye kudzikira kwakanyanya mukushanda kwezvinhu. Boka rebasalt fiber rine mazinga akasiyana-siyana rinoratidza kutsungirira kukuru kwekukuvadzwa mukati menzvimbo yekuvhurika kwemakatsemuka kubva pa0.1 mm kusvika ku0.2 mm, zvichiwanikwa kuburikidza nekuita kwe "pinning" neshinda dzakapfava uye "tensioning" neshinda dzakakora. Kunyangwe kana makatsemuka aripo akakura kusvika pa0.3 mm, zvinhu zvinoramba zvine mwero wepamusoro wesimba rekutakura mutoro, nokudaro zvichibudirira kuwedzera chiyero chekuchengetedza kune zvivakwa zvakakuvara mumabasa einjiniya yegungwa.

Mhedziso

Kubva pamaonero e "Life Cycle Cost (LCC)" uye kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza kusingashandise kabhoni yakawanda, kunyange hazvo fiber dzebasalt dzingangoda mari shoma yekutanga kutenga nekuda kwemaitiro adzo ekudhirowa, hunhu hwadzo "husina kugadziriswa" muhupenyu hwadzo hwese hwebasa hunopa mabhenefiti akakosha kwenguva refu. Mukati menguva yekushanda kwepurojekiti—inowanzova pakati pemakore makumi mashanu kusvika zana—kushandiswa kwadzo hakungobvisi chete mari yakawanda isingatarisirwi inobatanidzwa nekugadzirisa kakawanda uye kushandiswa kwezvipfeko zvinodzivirira ngura, asiwo kunoderedza zvakanyanya uremu hwechivakwa, nokudaro zvichichengetedza mari yekufambisa uye mari yecharter yezvikepe zvikuru zvekuisa kunze kwenyika.

Munguva iyo kusimbiswa kwakaenzana kunoiswa pakuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon muhupenyu hwese hwepurojekiti uye kuve nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwemainjiniya, "chidziviriro ichi chekudzivirira ngura" - chakagadzirwa kubva pamatombo anoputika - chiri kubuda semuchengeti akachengeteka uye ane hushamwari kune nharaunda yemapurojekiti esimba rakachena mugungwa, akadai sekubatanidza kutakura zvinhu negungwa nemapurazi emhepo ari kunze kwegungwa.