Gushyiramo imiterere y'inyanja hamwe n'amasasu akingira amasasu hakoreshejwe amabuye y'ibirunga? Imigozi myinshi ya basalt igabanya ingese ku migozi y'icyuma
Ibiraro byambukiranya inyanja, aho amazi menshi ahagarara, aho umuyaga uturuka mu nyanja… Nubwo ibi "binini cyane" byubatswe mu nyanja ari byiza cyane, bihanganira "imibabaro ikomeye" ya buri munsi yo gutemba kw'imiraba, umunyu na alkali, hamwe n'ingendo z'amazi zisimburana. Muri ubwo buryo, bishimangira ko bikomera Inyubako za beto kuguma mu buryo buhamye—nta gucika intege, kwangirika, cyangwa kwangirika vuba—byamaze igihe kirekire ari ikibazo gikomeye ku muryango w’abahanga ku isi.
Igihe kirekire, Fibre y'icyumaIbikoresho byakunze gushyirwa muri sima kugira ngo byongere ubukana no gukumira gusenyuka. Ariko, imigozi y'icyuma ikunze kugaragara ko idahuye n'imiterere mibi y'umunyu n'amazi yo mu nyanja; iyo iyoni za chloride zinjira mu myobo iri muri sima, imigozi y'icyuma irashwanyagurika ikagenda yaguka, bigatuma sima icikamo ibice imbere kandi ikihutisha gusenyuka kw'inyubako.
Vuba aha, inyigo nshya yibanze ku kuramba cyane mu buhanga bwo mu mazi yatanze igisubizo cyiza cyane: insinga za basalt—byakozwe hakoreshejwe imigozi ikomoka ku rutare rw’ibirunga karemano—bishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfuka sima yo mu mazi mu ruhu rw’ “intwaro” zidakunze kurwanywa n’ingese. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu buryo bwo gushyiramo ibice byinshi burimo “imigozi minini yo guhuza imiterere” n’ “imigozi mito yo gufunga imyenge.”
I. Amabanga yo kurwanya ingese ahishe mu rutare rw'ibirunga
Gukemura inenge zikomeye ziri mu bikoresho bihari—cyane cyane ubushobozi bw'imigozi y'icyuma bwo kwangirika n'uburyo imigozi y'umwimerere (nka polypropylene cyangwa polyvinyl alcohol) isaza kandi ikangirika mu bidukikije bya beto ya alkaline—Basalt Imigozi igaragaza inyungu zidasanzwe mu bikoresho. Yakozwe no gushongesha amabuye y’ibirunga ku bushyuhe bwinshi cyane no kuyakurura mu migozi, imiterere yayo y’ibanze igizwe ahanini n’urusobe rw’imigozi ya silikoni-ogisijeni na aluminiyumu-ogisijeni. Iyi migozi ishingiye ku mabuye, igaragara nk’iy’amabuye, igaragaza ubukana bwinshi cyane bw’ibinyabutabire iyo ihuye n’amazi y’ibinyabutabire bya alkaline cyane muri sima n’aho amazi y’inyanja aba afite umunyu mwinshi, bityo ikavanaho burundu ibyago bifitanye isano n’"ingese, ingese, no kwaguka k’amazi." Kugira ngo hagerwe ku burwanyi buhebuje no kudacikamo ibice, ubushakashatsi buheruka buva ku murongo gakondo wa "fibre imwe", ahubwo butanga igitekerezo cy’"uburyo bwa fibre basalt bungana mu buryo bwinshi":
Imiterere migari ihinduriwe Fibre za Basalt (SBF): Imigozi miremire, miremire kandi igoramye ikwirakwira mu gice cyose cy’umubiri; umurimo wayo w’ibanze ni uguhuza no guhambira hamwe imiyoboro migari isanzweho, bityo igatanga imbaraga zo gukomera no gukomera nyuma yo gucika.
Micro-structural Chopped Basalt Microfibers (NBF): Microfibers nziza, nk'uduce tw'umucanga, zifatanye neza mu mwenge muto n'imiyoboro iri mu gice cya sima gikomeye, zigafunga inzira zo kwinjira mu mazi yo mu nyanja kandi zigahagarika ikwirakwira ry'uduce duto duto.
Ubu buryo bwo "guhuza ibintu bikomeye n'ibitonyanga" butuma habaho urushundura rukomeye kandi rugoye ruboherwa imbere mu nyubako ya sima—uburyo bwuzuye bwo kwirwanaho burwanya kudashobora kwinjira no kugenzura imiyoboro icyarimwe.
II. Ikizamini cy'iminsi 270 cyo gusiganwa ku magare mu mazi no mu kirere cyumye
Kugira ngo hamenyekane niba iyi sima nshya ishobora "kurama" mu bidukikije byo mu mazi, itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi ryiganye ibidukikije bikomeye cyane bisimburana bitose n’ibyumye. Ibi byasabaga kongera kabiri ubwinshi bw’amazi yo mu nyanja no gushyira ingero mu buryo buhindagurika bwo kumisha ubushyuhe bwinshi (kuri 45°C) no kuzura byuzuye—aho buri gihe cy’amasaha 24 kigize uruziga rumwe rwuzuye rutuma rumye.
Nyuma yo kwihanganira iminsi 270 y'iki kibazo gikomeye, ingero za beto zirimo sisitemu zitandukanye zagaragaje umusaruro utandukanye cyane:
Itsinda ry’ibinyabutabire bya All-Basalt Multi-scale Hybrid (B15N02: ni ukuvuga 1.5% by’imigozi ikomeye + 0.2% by’imigozi mito): Iri tsinda ryatanze umusaruro utangaje cyane. Nyuma y’iminsi 270, igipimo cyaryo cyo kugumana imbaraga zo kuzunguruka cyari ku kigero cya 76.14%, mu gihe igipimo cyaryo cya mbere cyo kugumana imbaraga zo kuzunguruka cyageze kuri 90.67%. Byongeye kandi, igihombo kinini cyatewe no kwangirika kw’ubuso bitewe n’amazi yo mu nyanja cyari 1.43% gusa. Mu gihe habayeho imihindagurikire y’ibidukikije, igikorwa cyo kwangirika kw’ibintu muri rusange cyakomeje ku muvuduko muto cyane kandi buhoro buhoro.
Itsinda rya Steel Fiber Hybrid (S15N02): Mbere y'uko ingese itangira, iri tsinda ryagaragaje imikorere myiza cyane mu ntangiriro—ingaruka z'ubukomere bwinshi bw'imigozi y'icyuma ubwayo. Ariko, mu minsi 270, beto y'icyuma yari imaze guhindurwa cyane mu mikorere yayo. Bitewe n'ingese nyinshi, igipimo cyayo cyo kugumana imbaraga zo guhindagurika cyagabanutse kigera kuri 50.22% (bigabanya imbaraga zayo kabiri); mu byiciro bya nyuma, imiterere itandukanye yo kwaguka bitewe n'ingese n'imitako byaragaragaye.
III. Indwara ya Mikorosikopi: Kuki Icyuma Gisenyuka mu gihe Basalt Iguma Ihamye?
Amashusho yafashwe hifashishijwe Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) agaragaza neza imiterere y'ibanze y'itandukaniro ry'imikorere hagati y'ibikoresho byombi:
Ihungabana rikomeye ry’imigozi y’icyuma: Amazi yo mu nyanja na ogisijeni byinjira byoroshye mu myobo mito cyane iri muri sima kugira ngo bihure n’icyuma, bigatera ingese ikomeye ya elegitoroniki. Ingano y’ingese y’icyuma ikomoka kuri iyo ngese irakura ikagera ku nshuro hagati ya 2 na 6.5 y’ingano yayo ya mbere. Iyi ngese ikomeye y’imbere "isunika" ku gice cy’isima kiyikikije, bigatuma habaho urusobe rw’imiyoboro mito ya radial. Uko kwangirika imbere kwiyongera, isano iri hagati y’imigozi y’icyuma na sima irangirika burundu; amaherezo, iyo imigozi iremereye, ishobora gukururwa cyangwa kunyerera byoroshye—byaba byose cyangwa igice—bityo igatakaza ubukana bwayo bworoshye bwo kuyihuza.
Guhindura mu buryo bworoshye Fibre za Basalt: Imigozi ya basalt ntabwo igaragaza ubwinshi bw'amazi iyo ihuye n'amazi yo mu nyanja. Uburyo bwayo bwo gushonga bwa hydrolysis—burangwa no gushonga buhoro buhoro kw'imigozi ya Si-O-Si—ikomeza buhoro cyane, bigatuma habaho gusa gushonga gato no gushonga k'ubuso kuri nanoscale. Aho kwangiza matrix, uku gushonga k'ubuso buto mu by'ukuri byongera uburyaryate hagati y'imigozi na beto ikikije.
Byongeye kandi, imiterere y’imvange ya beto ikunze kuba irimo ibintu bivangwa n’inganda—nk’ivu ry’ibisigazwa n’ibishishwa—kugira ngo bisimbuze igice cya sima isanzwe. Nubwo ubu buryo bugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero cya 27% mu gihe cyo kuyitunganya, bunagabanya cyane alkalinity y’igihe kirekire ya beto. Ibi bitanga neza "capsule yoroshye kandi irinda alkali" ku nsinga za basalt, birushaho kugabanya umuvuduko wazo wo gushonga.
IV. Ukorana n'udusimba? Bishobora kandi gukumira kwangirika mu gihe kizaza
Mu bikorwa by’ubwubatsi mu isi nyayo, ibice by’imiterere y’ibintu bikora mu bihe byangiritse. Kugira ngo bigane uku kuri, itsinda ry’abashakashatsi ryakoresheje uburyo bwo gukora uduce duto tw’ubugari kuva kuri mm 0.1 kugeza kuri mm 0.3 mu bipimo by’ibizamini:
Mu itsinda ry’imigozi y’icyuma, kuba hari utu duce duto tw’imigozi byatumye ubushuhe bwinjira mu gace k’imigozi; ibi byatumye ubushobozi bw’imigozi y’icyuma bugabanuka cyane ndetse no kugabanuka gukomeye kw’ubushobozi bw’ibikoresho. Itsinda ry’imigozi y’abasalt ifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwo kwihanganira kwangirika ku buryo budasanzwe mu gice cyo gufungura imigozi kuva kuri mm 0.1 kugeza kuri mm 0.2, bigerwaho binyuze mu gikorwa cyo "gufunga" imigozi mito no "gufunga" imigozi ikomeye. Nubwo imigozi yari isanzweho yagutse ikagera kuri mm 0.3, ibikoresho bigumana ubushobozi bwo gutwara imizigo, bityo bikarushaho kwagura urwego rw’umutekano ku nyubako zangiritse mu bikorwa by’ubuhanga mu by’amazi.
Umwanzuro
Ukurikije "Ikiguzi cy'ubuzima (LCC)" no kubungabunga ibidukikije bidafite karuboni nyinshi, nubwo imigozi ya basalt ishobora gutuma ibiciro byo kugura biri hejuru gato bitewe n'uburyo bwo kuyishushanya bwihariye, imiterere yayo "itagira ubwisungane" mu gihe cyose cy'umurimo wayo itanga inyungu zikomeye z'igihe kirekire. Mu gihe cy'imikorere y'umushinga—ubusanzwe kuva ku myaka 50 kugeza ku 100—ikoreshwa ryawo ntirikuraho gusa ikiguzi kinini, kitari giteganyijwe gifitanye isano no gusana kenshi no gukoresha irangi rirwanya ingese, ahubwo rinagabanya cyane uburemere bw'inyubako, bityo bikagabanya amafaranga yo gutwara n'amafaranga yo gushyira ubwato mu bwato bunini bwo mu mazi.
Muri iki gihe aho imbaraga zingana zishyirwa ku kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere mu gihe cyose cy’umushinga no kwemeza umutekano w’ubuhanga, iyi "ntwaro yo kurwanya ingese"—yakozwe mu mabuye y’ibirunga—iri kugaragara nk'umurinzi w’umutekano kandi urengera ibidukikije mu mishinga y’ingufu zisukuye zo mu mazi, nko guhuza ubwikorezi n’imirima y’umuyaga yo mu nyanja.