Labarai

Yayin da tashoshin tushe na 5G ke ƙara yawa, eriya ta wayar hannu tana ƙaruwa, kuma hanyoyin sadarwa na fiber optic suna ƙaruwa, buƙatun kayan aiki don kayan aikin sadarwa suna canzawa daga "isasshe" kawai zuwa "matsananci": ƙarancin asarar dielectric, babban kariyar lantarki, gini mai sauƙi, da juriya ga tsufa.
Godiya ga kaddarorin kamar ƙarancin dielectric constant, rufin yanayi, da juriya mai ƙarfi ga yanayi, fiber na basalt yana samun matsayinsa a cikin abubuwan da ke cikin tsakiya kamar eriya ta tashar tushe, membobin ƙarfin kebul na gani, da radomes. Maimakon maye gurbin kayan da ake da su, yana ba da daidaito mafi kyau na aiki da inganci don aikace-aikacen mita mai yawa da sauri.

Kwanan nan, bayan shekaru da dama na shawo kan matsalolin fasaha, Jami'ar Yadi ta Wuhan ta yi nasarar jawo kayan kwalliya masu ƙarfi zuwa zare masu kyau fiye da gashin ɗan adam kuma ta saka su cikin "Suits na Basalt Dragon-Scale" waɗanda za su iya jure yanayin zafi na 1300°C. Wannan ci gaban, wanda ya jawo hankalin manyan kamfanonin yadi, ba wai kawai ya magance matsalolin kariya na kayan kashe gobara na gargajiya ba, har ma ya sami kyakkyawan aiki a farashi mai rahusa. Wakilai daga Ofishin Kashe Gobara da Ceto na Wuhan sun ziyarci jami'ar kwanan nan don ƙaddamar da rukunin waɗannan riguna. Wannan ƙirƙira ta jawo hankali ba kawai daga kasuwancin Hubei na gida ba, har ma daga manyan kamfanonin yadi da yawa a faɗin ƙasar.

BFRP ya dace da tsarin matsakaici zuwa ƙananan kaya a cikin ƙananan jiragen sama na UAV kuma yana ba da ƙimar amfani dangane da rage nauyi, juriya ga tsatsa, da rage damp/girgiza; duk da haka, ya kamata a guji shi a wuraren da ke buƙatar tauri mai yawa. Idan tauri ba abu ne mai mahimmanci ba amma farashi ne, BFRP yana ba da ingantaccen farashi mafi kyau fiye da CFRP.

Daga tutocin ƙasa na basalt fiber da aka shimfiɗa a gefen wata zuwa manyan gine-ginen dandamalin kiwo na teku mai zurfi, da kuma ƙananan hanyoyin da basalt ke jure wa fashewa, kayan basalt sun yi fice a cikin yanayi mai tsauri da ayyukan injiniya na yau da kullun saboda juriyarsu mai zafi, juriyar tsatsa, da kuma aikin hana tsufa.

An samar da wannan dutsen mai aman wuta ta halitta ta hanyar sanyaya da ƙarfafa magma a cikin zurfin ƙasa, yana nuna halaye na 'hardcore' bayan an sarrafa shi wanda ya fi kayan gargajiya. Saboda haka, ya zama madadin kayan da aka fi so a fannin masana'antu masu inganci, injiniyan ababen more rayuwa, da kuma fannin sararin samaniya. A yau, za mu raba ƙarfin aikin kayan basalt a cikin manyan girma uku don fahimtar ainihin abin da ya sa ya yi ƙarfi.

Gadar teku, tashoshin ruwa masu zurfi, gonakin iska na teku... Duk da cewa waɗannan "manyan ƙattai" da aka gina a cikin teku suna da ban mamaki a gani, suna jure wa "azabar zalunci" ta yau da kullun na zaizayar ƙasa, tsatsa mai gishiri da alkali, da kuma zagayowar busasshiyar danshi. A irin wannan yanayi, tabbatar da cewa gine-ginen siminti masu tauri sun kasance ba tare da fashewa ba, fashewa, ko gazawar da ba ta yi ba da wuri - ya daɗe yana zama ƙalubale ga al'ummar injiniyan duniya.

Na dogon lokaci, ana yawan haɗa zare na ƙarfe a cikin siminti don ƙara tauri da hana tsagewa. Duk da haka, zare na ƙarfe galibi ba su dace da yanayin zafi na feshi na gishiri da ruwan teku ba; da zarar ions na chloride suka shiga cikin ramukan da ke cikin simintin, zare na ƙarfen suna tsatsa kuma suna faɗaɗa da yawa, wanda hakan ke sa simintin ya fashe daga ciki kuma yana hanzarta rugujewar tsarin.
Kwanan nan, wani sabon bincike na kayan aiki wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ƙarfin juriya ga injiniyan ruwa ya bayar da mafita mai kyau: zaruruwan basalt—wanda aka samar ta hanyar zana zare daga dutsen aman wuta na halitta—ana iya amfani da su wajen lulluɓe simintin ruwa a cikin wani "sulke" wanda kusan ba shi da tsatsa. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar samfurin gradation mai girma dabam-dabam wanda ke nuna haɗin "manyan zaruruwa don haɗin gine-gine" da "ƙananan zaruruwa don rufe ramuka."

Yayin da jiragen sama marasa matuki ke ratsa sararin samaniya don sa ido kan gobarar daji, kuma robot masu hankali suna aiwatar da ayyuka masu maimaitawa daidai a kan bene na masana'anta, ingantaccen aikin wannan kayan aiki mai wayo sau da yawa yana samun goyon baya daga "tallafin hardcore" wanda ake iya watsi da shi cikin sauƙi: sabon abu da aka samo daga dutsen aman wuta - zare na basalt. Duk da cewa ba shi da girman kai a bayyanarsa, halayensa na musamman sun sanya shi mabuɗin buɗe iyakokin aiki na jiragen sama marasa matuki da robot, suna haifar da juyin juya hali a cikin sararin kayan aiki masu wayo.

An samar da shi ta hanyar narkewar dutsen basalt na halitta a yanayin zafi daga 1,450°C zuwa 1,500°C da kuma jawo shi zuwa zare, wannan sabon abu mara tsari yana da fa'idodi da yawa - gami da ƙarfi mai sauƙi, juriya ga yanayi, juriya ga tsatsa, da kuma kyawun muhalli - waɗanda a halin yanzu ke ƙara rura wutar juyin juya halin kayayyaki a masana'antar jiragen sama marasa matuƙa da na robotics. A yau, bari mu gano ɓoyayyun iyawarsa!

Zaren Basalt wani abu ne mai kama da na halitta wanda ba ya da wani sinadari mai kama da na halitta wanda ake samarwa ta hanyar zana zare daga ma'adinan basalt na halitta bayan ya narke a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Ya jawo hankalin jama'a sosai saboda kyawawan halayensa na sinadarai - musamman aikinsa a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Abin lura shi ne, zaren basalt mai jure zafi mai yawa - wani muhimmin ɓangare na wannan kayan - yana nuna ƙima ta musamman a aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda ke buƙatar juriya ga yanayin zafi mai tsanani.

Kwanan nan, tare da nasarar aiwatar da manyan aikace-aikace—kamar aikin binciken duniyar wata na Chang'e-6 da kuma dandamalin kamun kifi na basalt na farko a duniya—fiber ɗin basalt yana hanzarta sauyawarsa daga sakamakon binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje zuwa sabon abu mai mahimmanci tare da ingantaccen aikin masana'antu. Kasancewar yana da fa'idodin haɗin gwiwa na kasancewa mai dacewa da muhalli, ƙarancin carbon, nauyi mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai yawa, juriya ga yanayi, da kuma juriya ga tsatsa, yanzu—wanda tsarin sa ido da ƙa'idodi masu inganci suka ƙarfafa—yana cimma nasarori a aikace-aikacen jiragen sama da kuma faɗaɗa kasuwancinsa a fannonin farar hula, ta haka ne yake ci gaba da haɓaka gasa a masana'antar gaba ɗaya.

A cikin al'ummar drone, an daɗe ana ɗaukar zare na carbon a matsayin ma'aunin "zinariya baƙar fata". Duk da haka, idan kun gaji da tsadar kuɗi, tsangwama mai tsanani ga siginar GPS, ko kuma hannayen da ke ƙera ƙura bayan sun yi karo, to "ƙarfin dutsen aman wuta" - Basalt Fiber - yana canza ƙa'idodin wasan a hankali.
Musamman ma, masana'anta mai girman 200gsm twill basalt ba wai kawai madadin carbon fiber ba ne; yana wakiltar wani muhimmin mataki a cikin juyin halittar firam ɗin ƙananan zuwa matsakaiciyar drones.

Zaren Basalt wani abu ne da ake ci gaba da samu daga ma'adinan basalt na halitta; ana samun narkar da ma'adinan a yanayin zafi mai yawa sannan a zana shi da sauri ta cikin wani abu mai kama da platinum-rhodium. Launinsa yawanci yana bayyana a matsayin launin ruwan kasa mai launin zinari. Ma'adinan Basalt kanta dutse ne da aka saba samu bayan fashewar aman wuta, kuma yana da yawa a cikin ajiyarsa kuma yana yaɗuwa sosai a cikin ɓawon duniya. Canza wannan dutse na gama gari zuwa zare mai aiki mai kyau yana misalta ƙwarewar kimiyyar kayan zamani.
Dangane da sinadaran da ke cikinsa, zare na basalt ya ƙunshi galibin oxides—kamar silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, da magnesium oxide—kuma an rarraba shi a matsayin zare na silicate. Tsarin samar da shi yana da alaƙa da kyawun muhalli. Ana dumama ma'adinan basalt zuwa yanayin narkewa a cikin tanderun zafi mai zafi; a duk tsawon wannan tsari, ba a ƙara sinadarai masu guba ba, kuma ba a samar da wani iskar gas mai cutarwa ba, yayin da za a iya sake amfani da slag ɗin da ke fitowa kuma a sake amfani da shi. Idan aka kwatanta da wasu zare na roba waɗanda ke buƙatar hadaddun hanyoyin sinadarai don shirya su, tsarin kera zare na basalt yana da sauƙi kuma yana cinye ƙarancin kuzari.
Halayen aikin fiber ɗin basalt sun faɗi tsakanin na fiber ɗin gilashi mai ƙarfi da kuma carbon fiber; yana haɗa abubuwa da yawa masu kyau, don haka yana samun amfani mai amfani a fannoni daban-daban.