Yana jure zafin da bai wuce 1300°C ba Ba tare da ya ƙone ba! Kayan kashe gobara da aka saka daga Dutsen Dutsen Mai Tsanani—Rage farashi, da kuma kariya mai ƙarfi

Kwanan nan, bayan shekaru da dama na shawo kan matsalolin fasaha, Jami'ar Yadi ta Wuhan ta yi nasarar samun nasara Basalt An yi amfani da zare mai kyau fiye da gashin ɗan adam kuma an saka su cikin "Basalt Dragon-Scale Suits" waɗanda za su iya jure yanayin zafi na 1300°C. Wannan ci gaban, wanda ya jawo hankalin manyan kamfanonin yadi, ba wai kawai ya magance matsalolin kariya na kayan kashe gobara na gargajiya ba, har ma ya sami kyakkyawan aiki a farashi mai rahusa. Wakilai daga Ofishin Kashe Gobara da Ceto na Wuhan sun ziyarci jami'ar kwanan nan don ƙaddamar da wani rukuni na waɗannan riguna. Wannan ƙirƙira ta jawo hankalin ba kawai daga kasuwancin Hubei na gida ba, har ma daga manyan kamfanonin yadi da yawa a faɗin ƙasar.

"Fasaharmu ta 'Core-Wrapped Spinning' dabara ce ta asali a duk duniya, wacce take da amfani sosai. Ta yi fice a fannin tufafi na musamman masu jure zafi mai tsanani kuma ta samar da darajar masana'antu sama da yuan biliyan 2," in ji Farfesa Xia Zhigang, shugaban ƙungiyar bincike ta juyawa a ƙarƙashin ƙungiyar Malaman Jami'a Xu Weilin, a ranar 19 ga Mayu. Ya bayyana cewa wannan ci gaba a cikin Basalt fiber Fasahar suturar kashe gobara ba wai kawai tana magance iyakokin kariya na kayan gargajiya ba, har ma tana haɓaka kimiyyar kayan yadi da kuma masana'antar kayan aikin sarrafa yadi, wanda hakan ke canza yanayin gasa tsakanin ƙasashen duniya.

Tada Juyin Juya Halin Kayan Aiki: Juya Dutse Zuwa "Kayan Basalt-Sikelin Dragon"

"Matsalar da ke tattare da kayan basalt ya samo asali ne daga buƙatun masana'antu; ƙungiyarmu ta mayar da martani sosai ga waɗannan buƙatun ta hanyar gudanar da bincike na kimiyya mai zurfi.

A shekarar 2017, yayin da yake ziyartar kamfanoni biyu, Xia Zhigang da tawagarsa sun ji wata bukata ta bai daya: Shin za a iya amfani da kayan da ba na halitta ba - kamar basalt - don cire zare, juya zare, da kuma saƙa don kare rayukan masu kashe gobara a layin gaba?

Basalt fiber yana ba da kyakkyawan kariya daga zafi da lantarki, juriya ga wuta da sanyi, mai ƙarfi Sinadaran sinadarai rashin ƙarfi, juriya ga tsatsa, da kuma ƙarancin farashi. Duk da haka, zare suna da tauri kuma suna iya samun karyewa, wanda hakan ke sa lanƙwasawa da karkacewa ba tare da lalatawa ba, yayin sarrafa yadi da wuya a iya sarrafa su.

Bisa ga manufar "yin aiki tukuru a Hubei da kuma ci gaba da jajircewa kan layin samar da kayayyaki," Xia Zhigang ta gabatar da shawarar: "Wannan kalubale ne na duniya baki daya—shin za mu gwada shi?"

Bayan komawa dakin gwaje-gwaje na jami'a, Xia Zhigang ta shirya wani kwamitin bincike kuma ta haɗu da kamfanonin zare-zare da masaku don ƙaddamar da wani shiri na bincike na ka'ida wanda ya mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar kayan basalt. Zaren basalt wani zare ne mara tsari wanda aka samo daga dutsen basalt mai aman wuta. Ta hanyar sabbin abubuwa a cikin kayan aiki da sarrafawa, ya zama mai kyau da sassauƙa, yayin da yake riƙe da juriyarsa ta halitta ga yanayin zafi mai yawa da tsatsa.

A shekarar 2021, ƙungiyar bincike da abokan hulɗar masana'antu sun haɗu sosai; dakunan gwaje-gwaje na jami'a sun haɗu da layukan samar da masana'antu don gudanar da gwaji da tabbatarwa akai-akai. An rage diamita na zare daga microns 12 da microns 10 zuwa microns 5 kawai - kashi ɗaya bisa uku na kauri na gashin ɗan adam. Bayan dubban gwaje-gwajen ƙarfin juyi, ƙididdiga akai-akai, tabbatar da gwaji, da ingantawa bisa ga ra'ayoyin da aka bayar, ƙungiyar ta kammala wani tsari mafi kyau don "juyi mai lalacewa, mai kusurwa biyu tare da ɗaurewa." Wannan ya tabbatar da cewa za a iya juya zaren basalt da ƙaramin ƙarfin juyi yayin da ba a lalata shi ba.

"Kyakkyawan fata - wannan shine babban cikas ga Yadin da aka yi da basalt fiber! Babban nasarar ƙungiyar ta ta'allaka ne da fasahar "juyawa ta tsakiya": zare masu laushi suna jujjuyawa a kusa da filament na tsakiya na basalt. Wannan hanyar tana riƙe da "ƙarfin" kariyar zaren basalt yayin da take ba da ƙwarewar sakawa mai sauƙi, laushi, da kuma dacewa da fata. "Mun sanya wa wannan sabuwar fasaha suna 'fasahar ƙirƙirar zaren da ba ta lalatawa, mai ƙarancin juyi, mai cikakken naɗewa,'" in ji Xia Zhigang. Tawagarsa ta yi aiki tare da kamfanoni da yawa tsawon shekaru da yawa don shawo kan ƙalubalen fasaha, suna jawo ƙwayoyin basalt masu ƙarfi zuwa zare mafi kyau fiye da gashin ɗan adam kuma suna saka su cikin "Kayan Basalt Dragon-Scale" waɗanda ke iya jure yanayin zafi na 1,300°C. Wannan nasarar ba wai kawai ta magance gazawar kariya na kayan aikin kashe gobara na gargajiya ba ne, har ma ta sami kyakkyawan aiki a farashi mai kyau.

Daga Wata Zuwa Wurin Wuta: Kayan Kashe Gobara Sun Kunshi "Manyan Fasahar Dan Adam"

Tutar ƙasa da aka nuna a saman wata ta ja hankalin duniya cikin gaggawa... A shekarar 2024, tutar "wata ta duniya" ta Chang'e-6 ta haskaka a sararin samaniya. A matsayinta na tutar fiber ta farko a duniya da aka nuna a wata, ta samar da muhimman kayan aiki ga ayyukan bincike na sararin samaniya mai zurfi na ƙasata. Ƙungiyar Farfesa Xia Zhigang a Jami'ar Yadi ta Wuhan ce ta ƙirƙiro fasahar jujjuya fiber ta basalt da aka yi amfani da ita don wannan tutar.

A yau, fasahar jujjuyawar da ƙungiyar Farfesa Xia ta ƙirƙira ba wai kawai tana horar da ɗalibai da masu fasaha a masana'antu ba, har ma tana tallafawa manyan ayyukan ƙasa kuma an yi nasarar tallata ta a fannoni daban-daban na farar hula, wanda ke nuna babban damar kasuwa. Gwaje-gwaje sun nuna cewa lokacin da aka fallasa ta ga harshen wuta mai zafin 1,300°C na tsawon daƙiƙa 10, masana'antar auduga ta gargajiya ta kunna nan take kuma an ƙone rigar kashe gobara ta aramid gaba ɗaya, yayin da masana'antar da basalt fiber ke jure wa wuta ta nuna ƙaramin baƙi kawai.

A shekarar 2025, ƙungiyar ta yi aiki tare a duk faɗin sarkar samar da kayayyaki tare da kamfanoni da yawa na cikin gida don haɓaka samar da zare masu yawa na basalt composite core-spun, samfuran ƙera kamar suttattun kayan kashe gobara, takalma, igiyoyi masu kariya, da barguna na wuta.

"Idan aka kwatanta da kayan kashe gobara na gargajiya na aramid, kayan kwalliyar fiber basalt suna ba da ma'aunin aiki mafi kyau: suna jure yanayin zafi har zuwa 1,300°C kuma suna aiki da aminci a cikin kewayon -200°C zuwa 700°C, suna magance matsalar fasaha mai mahimmanci.

Xia Zhigang ta lura da alfahari cewa a halin yanzu babu kayayyaki masu kama da juna a kasuwar duniya, wanda hakan ke nuna sauyin da China ta samu daga mabiyi zuwa jagora a wannan fanni. A halin yanzu, tawagar binciken na ci gaba da aiki tare da kamfanoni kan inganta masana'antu da kuma amfani da kayayyaki masu inganci da kirkire-kirkire.

"Daga Duniya zuwa Wata, damar amfani da zare na basalt ta wuce kayan kashe gobara," in ji Xia Zhigang, yana mai duba makomar. Ya bayyana cewa Wata yana da yalwar ƙasa mai kama da ta basalt; a nan gaba, ana iya amfani da yadin zare na basalt don ƙera kayan sararin samaniya da kuma sauƙaƙe gina wata, wanda ke taimaka wa ɗan adam wajen ci gaba da bincike a wata.