Ngā Painga Matua e 10 o te Muka Pātarati

muka pātaratiNgā Painga Matua e 10

muka pātaratihe muka miro tonu i hangaia mai i te taiao Toka Pāharate. Ka rewa te toka i te 1450°C-1500°C, kātahi ka tōia mā roto i te pū koranu konukawata-rhodium i te tere tere. He parauri te muka parakore parakore. He momo muka hou tēnei o te muka kore-waro, hoa-taiao, mahi-teitei, he mea hanga mai i ngā waikura pērā i te hauhā silicon, te waikura konumohe, te waikura konupūmā, te waikura konupora, te waikura rino, me te hauhā titanium. Ehara i te mea he kaha teitei te muka tonu o te basalt, engari he pai hoki ngā āhuatanga pērā i te whakamarumaru hiko, te ātete ki te waikura, me te ātete ki te pāmahana teitei. Hei tāpiri, he iti noa te para me te parahanga taiao e puta mai ana i tana tukanga whakaputa, ā, ka taea e te hua kua makahia te pirau mā te taiao me te kore he kino, ka waiho hei rauemi tino matomato me te hoa-taiao. Kua whakarārangihia e Haina te muka parakore hei tētahi o ngā muka matua e whā hei whanaketanga (me te muka waro, te aramid, me te polyethylene taumaha-ira tino teitei) ā, kua tutuki te whakaputanga ahumahi. Inaianei kua whakamahia whānuitia te muka parakore tonu i roto i ngā hiato muka-whakapakari, ngā rauemi waku, te hanga kaipuke, te ahumahi motuka, me ngā tono pāmahana teitei me te tiaki.

1. Ngā Rauemi Mata Nui

   He mea hanga te muka o te paparete mai i te toka paparete, e kitea ana i roto i te nui o te whenua me te marama. Mā tēnei ka noho iti te utu o ngā rauemi mata.

2. Rauemi Hoa-Taiao

   Pātarati He rauemi taiao te toka. Kāore tana tukanga whakaputa e tuku i te boron me ētahi atu waikura konganuku kawakore, nō reira kāore he matū kino i roto i te puehu me te paoa, ā, kāore hoki e whakapoke i te āhuarangi. He roa hoki te ora o te hua, he iti te utu, he pai te mahi, he ma hoki.

3. Te Ātete ki te Pāmahana Teitei me te Wai

   Tonu muka pātarati ka taea te mahi i roto i te whānuitanga pāmahana whānui mai i te -269°C ki te 700°C (me te pūwāhi whakangawari o te 960°C). He pai ake tēnei i te gmuka kōtiro (-60°C ki te 450°C) me te muka waro (mōrahi 500°C). He mea nui, ka mau tonu te muka basalt i te 80% o tōna kaha taketake i muri i te mahi i te 600°C, ā, kāore e mimiti i te 860°C. Ka mau tonu hoki tōna kaha teitei i muri i te whakatōngia ki te wai wera 70°C.

4. He tino pai te pumau o te matū me te ātete ki te waikura

   Kei roto i te muka basalt ngā wāhanga pēnei i te K₂O, te MgO, me te TiO₂, e whakapai ake ana i tōna ātete ki te waikura matū me te wai. He pumau ake tōna matū i te muka karāhe, inā koa i roto i ngā taiao kawakore me te waikawa. He pai ake te ātete o te muka basalt ki te waikura kawakore i roto i ngā otinga Ca(OH)₂ kua mākū me te sima.

5. Teitei o te Modulus Elastic me te Kaha Kukū

   He teitei ake te kaha o te muka basalt (9100-11000 kg/mm) i tō te muka E-glass, asbestos, aramid, polypropylene, me te silicon. He nui ake tōna kaha kume (3800-4800 MPa) i tō te muka waro tō nui, aramid, muka PBI, muka maitai, muka boron, me te muka alumina, ā, he rite ki te muka S-glass. Me te mātotoru o te 2.65-3.00 g/cm³ me te pakeke Mohs o te 5-9, he tino pai te ātete ki te kakahu me te whakapakari kume. He nui ake tōna kaha miihini i ngā muka taiao me ngā muka hangai, ā, he mea tino pai hei rauemi whakapakari.

6. Te Mahi Ārai Oro Tino Pai

   He tino pai ngā āhuatanga mimiti oro me te haruru o te muka pātarati tonu. Ka tino piki ake te tauwehenga mimiti oro i te auau. Hei tauira, ko te rauemi mimiti-oro i hangaia mai i ngā muka pātarati he 1-3 μm te whānui (he mātotoru 15 kg/m³ me te matotoru 30 mm) he tauwehenga mimiti oro o te 0.05-0.15 i te 100-300 Hz, 0.22-0.75 i te 400-900 Hz, me te 0.85-0.93 i te 1200-7000 Hz.

7. Ngā Āhuatanga Hiko-ā-Irahiko Hiranga

   muka pātarati tonuHe nui ake te ātete rōrahi o te muka i te muka karāhe-E, ā, he tino pai ngā āhuatanga dielectric. Ahakoa he tata ki te 0.2% ngā waikura kawe hiko kei roto i te toka basalt, ka taea e ngā maimoatanga mata motuhake me ngā kaihoko rahi te whakaiti i te pānga o te mate dielectric mā te 50% ki te whakaritea ki te muka karāhe, ā, he teitei ake hoki tōna ātete rōrahi.

8. Hototahi ki te Silicate Taiao

   He pai te horapa, ā, he kaha te piri ki te sima me te raima. He rite tonu ōna tauwehenga whānui me te tauwehenga whakaheke wera, ā, he pai hoki tōna ātete ki te huarere.

9. He iti te mimiti o te makuku

   Kei raro iho i te 0.1% te tere mimiti makuku o te muka basalt, he iti iho tēnei i te muka aramid, te huruhuru hipi toka, me te asbestos.

10. Te Arahi Wera Iti

    Ko te kawe wera o te muka basalt he 0.031-0.038 W/m·K, he iti iho i te muka aramid, te muka silicate konumohe, te muka karāhe-E, te huruhuru toka, te muka silicon, te muka waro, me te maitai kore waikura.