Muri Kuvimbisa Kuonekana Nesimbi Nekongiri? Basalt Fiber Iri Kukonzera "Kuchinja Kwezvinhu" Muzvivakwa Zvisina Kudzika.

Zvichienderana nekukwira kuri kuita "hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzakaderera," kuvakwa kwezvivakwa - zvakaita senzvimbo dzekusimuka nedzekumhara kwendege dzisina madrone, nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu dzakaderera, uye nhare dzekufambisa nekutaurirana - kuri kuona kudiwa kukuru. Zvivakwa izvi hazvifanirwe kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvekutanga chete. Huremu hwakareruka dhizaini, simba rayo guru, uye kugara kwenguva refu, asiwo inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara ekushanda anosanganisira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, kupfapfaidza munyu wemugungwa, uye kushandiswa kwakawanda, zvese izvi zvichienderana negwara rekugadzira girini nekabhoni shoma. Se "zvinhu zvemaindasitiri zvakasvibira zvemuzana remakore rechi21," basalt fiber inogadzirwa chete kubva padombo remakomo rinoputika kuburikidza nekuita kwekunyunguduka nekukwevera patembiricha inotangira pa1,450°C kusvika 1,550°C. Zvakanakira zvayo zvakasiyana pakushanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvakasimba zvezvivakwa zvakaderera, uye parizvino iri kusimbisa kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzehunyanzvi. Zvichienzaniswa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvakaita sesimbi nekongiri, basalt fiber ine density ye2.6–2.8 g/cm³ chete uye simba rekudhonza rinosvika 3,000–4,000 MPa. Inobatanidza simba rayo guru rekudzivirira kupisa kwepamusoro-soro (kunyangwe tembiricha dzinoshandiswa nguva dzose dzinopfuura 260°C, nekushivirira kwenguva pfupi tembiricha dziri pamusoro pe300°C), kudzivirirwa kwengura (kuchengetedza kushanda kwayo kweinopfuura 90% munzvimbo dzine acidic, alkaline, uye salt-spray), uye kuvharwa kwemagetsi kwakanaka uye kujeka kwemafungu emagetsi. Uyezve, nguva yayo yekuneta yakareba ne50% kupfuura yezvinhu zvechinyakare, nepo maitiro ayo ekugadzira achishandisa simba shoma ne70% uye anogadzira 60% carbon dioxide shoma kupfuura kugadzirwa kwesimbi, zvichiita kuti ive chinhu chakanakira kusimudzira zvivakwa zvemhando yepamusoro munzvimbo dzakaderera.

Nzira huru dzinoshandiswa nebasalt fiber kuvaka zvivakwa munzvimbo dzakaderera dzinotenderera munzvimbo ina dzakakosha. Nekushandisa hunyanzvi hwezvinhu zvitsva uye kugadzirisa maitiro, zvinozadzisa zvinangwa zvakawanda zvekusimudzira mashandiro ezvivakwa, kugadzirisa mitengo, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa.

Chekutanga chenzvimbo idzi ndechekuvandudza shanduko huru ye Nzira dzeNhandare dzeNhandare nemaapuroni—chinhu chakakosha pakuona kuti kufamba nekumhara kwakachengeteka munzvimbo dzakaderera. Nzira dzekare dzekumhanya kwendege dzinogona kusangana nematambudziko akadai sekutsemuka nekudzika kwemvura kunokonzerwa nekunyungudika kwechando, mitoro inorema, uye kufamba kwendege dzinofamba nemhepo yakawanda; uyezve, mari yekugadzirisa nzira dzendege dzakadaro yakanyanya kukwira munzvimbo dzakanyanya kushata, dzakadai senzvimbo dzakakwirira uye nzvimbo dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.Basalt faibha Inofambira mberi tekinoroji kuburikidza nenzira mbiri huru: Chekutanga, nekuisa fiber dzebasalt dzakachekwa—nehuwandu hwe0.3%—mukongiri, network yekubvisa crack-arresting inoumbwa. Izvi zvinonyatso vhara crack kusvika mukati me0.02 mm, nokudaro zvichiwedzera zvakanyanya kuramba crack. Chechipiri, nekuisa grids dzebasalt fiber mukati mepasi penzira yendege kana pamusoro penzvimbo kuti itsive mesh yesimbi yetsika, kuramba kwemugwagwa kuchinjika uye kusimba kwechimiro chose kunosimbiswazve. Kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvenzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekushanda, nzira yekusimbisa yakasanganiswa inosanganisa "basalt fibers nerabha granules" inogonawo kushandiswa. Kana huwandu hwerabha granule hwasvika 10%, simba rekumanikidza rekongiri rinowedzera ne27.5%, simba rayo reflexural rinokwira ne19.6%, uye kuramba kwayo kutonhora-kunyunguduka kunovandudza panguva imwe chete ne11.1%. Mhinduro iyi inogadzirisa zvinobudirira nyaya dzakakomba dzakadai sekukuvadzwa kwefreeze-kunyunguduka panhandare dzendege dzakakwirira uye ngura yemunyu panhandare dzendege dzemahombekombe. Mashandisirwo akaitwa akaratidza kuti nzira dzendege dzinoshandisa tekinoroji iyi dzinowedzera kugona kwekutakura zvinhu ne30% uye dzinowedzera 50% muhupenyu hwekuneta; uyezve, nguva yekugadzirisa inowedzerwa kubva pamakore mashanu ekare kusvika kumakore gumi. Pane imwe nhandare yendege yepasi rose kwakaitwa tekinoroji iyi, hupenyu hwebasa renzira yendege hwakawedzerwa ne30%, uye mari yekugadzirisa yakaderedzwa ne40%, zvichikonzera kuwedzera kukuru kwekushanda zvakanaka.

Nzvimbo yechipiri yekuvandudza zvinhu zvitsva inosanganisira kurerutsa nhare dzekudzora mafambiro emhepo nenzvimbo dzekufambisa. Se "nzvimbo dzetsinga" dzenzvimbo dzemhepo dziri mudenga rakaderera, nzvimbo idzi hadzifanirwe kungovimbisa kugadzikana kwechimiro - kusanganisira kuramba mhepo uye kudengenyeka kwenyika - asi zvakare kuve nekubatana kwakanaka kwemagetsi kudzivirira kukanganiswa kwezviratidzo zvekufambisa uye kutaurirana. Panguva imwe chete, matambudziko aripo anokonzerwa nekuvakwa kwepamusoro-soro - kunyanya matambudziko anobatanidzwa uye nguva yakareba yepurojekiti - inoda kugadziriswa nekukurumidza. Tekinoroji yeBasalt fiber inobudirira munzvimbo iyi kuburikidza nekushandisa matekiniki ekubatanidza ekugadzira zvinhu zvakasanganiswa. Nekushandisa zvinhu zveBasalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) kutsiva zvivakwa zvekongiri zvakasimbiswa, huremu hwese hweshongwe yekudzora hunogona kuderedzwa ne70%, nepo kuramba kwayo kumasimba emhepo uye kudengenyeka kwenyika kuchiwedzerwa panguva imwe chete ne50%. Uyezve, kuvharwa kwemagetsi kwakanyanya uye kujeka kwemafungu emagetsi zvinoita kuti zvisakanganisa mashandiro enguva dzose emidziyo yemagetsi, senge radar uye masisitimu ekutaurirana. Kune ma node anotakura mutoro mukati mechivako, "basalt fiber-aluminium alloy hybrid system" inogona kushandiswa; Muchimiro ichi, aruminiyamu alloys inoshandiswa kusimbisa kugona kwekutakura mutoro kwema nodes, nepo zvikamu zvikuru zvechivakwa zvakavakwa kubva kuBFRP kuti ive nechokwadi chekureruka uye kuramba ngura, nokudaro zvichiwana chiyero chakanaka pakati pekushanda nekuchengetedzeka. Uyezve, kubatanidzwa kwepfungwa yekugadzira modular kunobvumira kuti zvikamu zvepakati zvema basalt fiber control towers zvigadzirwe mufekitori, zvichingoda kuunganidza panzvimbo chete uye kusunganidza. Nzira iyi inopfupisa zvakanyanya kutenderera kwekuvaka—neanopfuura 40%—ukuwo panguva imwe chete ichideredza njodzi dzine chekuita nebasa repamusoro-soro uye ichideredza njodzi dzekuchengetedza kuvaka. Munzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze egungwa, kuramba kwemashongwe aya nenzvimbo dzekufambisa dzakabatana ne salt-spray ngura kwakanyanya kunaka, zvichivagonesa kupedzisa hupenyu hwebasa hwemakore makumi maviri vasina kuratidza zviratidzo zvekukwegura kukuru. Mushure mekugamuchirwa kwe basalt fiber control tower panhandare yendege yendege, nguva yekuvaka haina kungova yakaderera zvakanyanya, asi mutengo wehupenyu hwese wakaderedzwawo ne35%, zvichiratidza kukosha kukuru kwehupfumi nehunyanzvi.

Chinhu chechitatu chakakosha ndechekusimbiswa kwezvivakwa zvekutsigira network dzetraffic dziri munzvimbo dzakaderera. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvivakwa zvakaita semabhiriji, matunnel, uye viaducts zvinobatanidza nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekusimuka/kumisa uye nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu. Zvivakwa izvi zvinodiwa kuti zvikwanise kutsungirira mitoro yemotokari yakawanda; uyezve, sezvo zvimwe zviri pasi pevhu kana munzvimbo dzegungwa, zvinosangana nezvinodiwa zvakaoma maererano nekukwanisa kutakura mutoro, kusapinda mvura, uye kugara kwenguva refu. Basalt fiber inobatsira mukuedza uku kuburikidza nenzira mbiri: kutsiva rebar uye kusimbisa chimiro. Mumapurojekiti matsva ekuvaka, kutsiva zvachose rebar yesimbi yechinyakare nebasalt fiber rebar—kunyanya muzvikamu zvakakosha zvakaita semabhiriji makuru ebhiriji nematunnel linings—kunogona kuderedza huremu hwechivakwa ne50% uye kuwedzera kugona kutakura mutoro ne60%. Uyezve, inowedzera hupenyu hwebasa kubva pamakore makumi mashanu echinyakare kusvika kumakore makumi masere uye inobvisa kudiwa kwekudzivirira cathodic (inowanzo dikanwa kune rebar yesimbi), nokudaro ichideredza zvakanyanya mari yekugadzirisa kwenguva refu. Pakugadzirisa nekuwedzera zvivakwa zvekare, kushandiswa kwe baselt fiber mesh yekusimbisa zvivakwa kunobvumira kukurumidza kuwedzera kugona kwekutakura mutoro wezvivakwa zviripo uye kuramba kwepasi, zvichigadzirisa zvinobudirira kushomeka kwekushanda kwaigona kukanganisa kuenderana kwavo nezvinodiwa zvehupfumi hwenzvimbo dzakaderera. Kuti zviwedzere kusimudzira kushanda kwe interfacial bonding, nzira ye "basalt fiber-nanomaterial synergistic reinforcement" inogona kushandiswa; nekushandisa nanomaterials kugadzirisa pamusoro pemafiber, simba re interfacial bond pakati pemafiber nekongiri rinowedzerwa ne47%, nokudaro zvichiita kuti simba rekusimbisa riwedzere. Muchirongwa chekugadzirisa viaduct che low-altitude logistics hub, kushandiswa kwe basalt fiber reinforcement kwakabudirira kusimudzira chiyero che seismic resistance che bridge kubva paGiredhi 7 kusvika paGiredhi 9, zvichizadzisa zvizere zvinodiwa zve high-frequency traffic kubva kumotokari dze logistics dzakaderera. Panguva imwe chete, mari yekugadzirisa yakaderedzwa ne40%, uye hupenyu hwebasa hwakawedzerwa ne50%, nokudaro zvichiwana kuvandudzwa kwakanaka uye kunobudirira kwenzvimbo yekukwegura. Pakupedzisira, pane kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvekuwedzera uye masisitimu anoshanda. Kunyangwe zvivakwa izvi zvisiri izvo zvinotakura mutoro mukuru, zvinokanganisa zvakananga kushanda zvakanaka uye kuchengetedzeka kwezvivakwa zviri munzvimbo dzakaderera; mienzaniso inosanganisira mapaipi emvura panhandare yendege, masisitimu ekupa mafuta, uye nzira dzekudzivirira tambo dzemagetsi. Kuburikidza netekinoroji yekuchinja zvinhu, fiber yebasalt yakashandiswa kugadzira mapaipi ebasalt fiber. Kana akaiswa mumasisitimu ekubvisa mafuta panhandare yendege, kuramba kwavo kwakanyanya kune acids, alkalis, uye ngura kunowedzera hupenyu hwebasa remapaipi nekanopfuura katatu.

Uyezve, zvinobvisa matambudziko ekubuda kwemvura anokonzerwa nemidziyo inoparadza, nokudaro zvichideredza zvakanyanya njodzi dzekushanda nekugadzirisa. Mukuchengetedza tambo dzemagetsi, nzira dzetambo dzebasalt fiber dzinoratidza hunhu hwepamusoro hwekudzivira kana tichienzanisa nezvinhu zvechinyakare zvepombi; huwandu hwadzo hwekudzivirira kupisa hwakawedzerwa kubva pa70°C kusvika 200°C, zvichideredza njodzi dzemoto munzvimbo dzinopisa zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, dzinoratidza kuramba kwakanaka kukanganiswa nekukwegura, zvichiita kuti dzikwanise nharaunda dzakaoma dzekunze. Kushandiswa kuri kutarisisa mberi kunosanganisira kubatanidzwa kwakadzama kwebasalt fiber nezvinhu zvakangwara—kunyanya, nekuisa masensa panguva yekugadzira zvikamu kuti zvigone kutarisa hutano hwezvivakwa. Kugona uku kunobvumira kutorwa kwedata panguva chaiyo senge kusiyana kwekushushikana uye kushanduka kwekushisa mukati mezvivakwa, zvichiita kuti yambiro nenguva ienderane nenjodzi dzinogona kuitika. Pakupedzisira, izvi zvinotungamira kushandurwa kwezvivakwa zvepadenga rakaderera kubva pamuenzaniso we "passive maintenance" kuenda kune we "proactive warning," nokudaro zvichiwedzera kuchengetedzeka kwekushanda uye kuvimbika.