Ngaba Uthembisa Ukuvalelisa Intsimbi Nekhonkrithi? I-Basalt Fiber Ibangela "Uguquko Lwezinto Ezisetyenziswayo" Kwiziseko Zophuhliso Eziphantsi.

Ngenxa yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza "koqoqosho olukwindawo ephantsi," ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso—ezifana neendawo zokusuka kunye nokufika kweedrone, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ngokubanzi, iindawo zothutho ezikwindawo ephantsi, kunye neenqaba zokuhambisa nokunxibelelana—kubona ukwanda okukhulu kwemfuno. Ezi zibonelelo akufuneki zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili kuphela Ilula uyilo, amandla aphezulu, kunye nobude bexesha, kodwa ikwaqhelana neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima ezibandakanya imozulu egqithisileyo, i-spray yetyuwa yolwandle, kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, konke oku kuhambelana nendlela yophuhliso oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi. Njenge "zinto zoshishino eziluhlaza zenkulungwane yama-21," i-basalt fiber iveliswa kuphela kwilitye lentaba-mlilo yendalo ngenkqubo yokunyibilika nokutsala kumaqondo obushushu aqala kwi-1,450°C ukuya kwi-1,550°C. Iingenelo zayo zokusebenza ezikhethekileyo zihambelana ngokugqibeleleyo neemfuno eziqatha zeziseko zophuhliso ezisezantsi, kwaye okwangoku inika amandla ukuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Xa kuthelekiswa nezixhobo zemveli ezifana nentsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi, i-basalt fiber inoxinano lwe-2.6–2.8 g/cm³ kuphela kunye namandla okutsalwa afikelela kwi-3,000–4,000 MPa. Idibanisa ukumelana okugqwesileyo nobushushu obuphezulu (ukumelana nobushushu obusetyenziswa rhoqo obudlula i-260°C, kunye nokunyamezelana kwexesha elifutshane nobushushu obungaphezulu kwe-300°C), ukumelana nokugqwala (ukugcina ukusebenza kwayo okungaphezulu kwe-90% kwiindawo ezine-asidi, i-alkaline, kunye ne-salt-spray), kunye nokufakelwa kombane okuphezulu kunye nokucaca kwamaza e-electromagnetic. Ngaphezu koko, ubomi bayo bokudinwa bungaphezulu kwe-50% kunezixhobo zemveli, ngelixa inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa idla amandla angaphantsi kwe-70% kwaye ivelisa ukukhutshwa kwe-carbon dioxide okungaphantsi kwe-60% kunemveliso yentsimbi, okwenza ukuba ibe yinto efanelekileyo yokuqhuba uphuhliso oluphezulu lweziseko ezisezantsi.

Iindlela eziphambili apho i-basalt fiber inika amandla ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso ezisezantsi zijikeleza kwiindawo ezine eziphambili. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchule bezinto ezintsha kunye nohlengahlengiso lwenkqubo, ifezekisa iinjongo ezininzi zokuphucula ukusebenza kweziseko zophuhliso, ukuphucula iindleko, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo.

Eyokuqala kwezi ndawo kukuphuculwa okutsha kwe Iindlela zokubaleka zeenqwelo moya kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nee-aproni—into ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni imisebenzi ekhuselekileyo yokusuka nokufika kwindawo ephantsi. Iindlela zeenqwelo-moya zemveli zichaphazeleka ziingxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokuhla okubangelwa yimijikelo yokuqandisa, imithwalo enzima, kunye nokuhamba kweenqwelo-moya ezihamba rhoqo; ngaphezu koko, iindleko zokugcinwa kweendlela zeenqwelo-moya ezinjalo ziphezulu kakhulu kwiindawo ezixineneyo, ezifana neentaba eziphakamileyo kunye nemimandla eselunxwemeni.Ifayibha yeBasalt ifezekisa inkqubela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe ngeendlela ezimbini eziphambili: Okokuqala, ngokufaka iifayibha zebasalt ezinqunqiweyo—ngomlinganiselo womthamo we-0.3%—kwikhonkrithi, kwakhiwa inethiwekhi yokubamba iimfanta ezintathu. Oku kuqinisekisa ngokufanelekileyo iimfanta zendlela ukuba zingaphakathi kwe-0.02 mm, ngaloo ndlela kuphucula kakhulu ukumelana neemfanta. Okwesibini, ngokubeka iigridi zefayibha zebasalt ngaphakathi kwesiseko sendlela okanye iileya zomphezulu ukuze kuthathelwe indawo i-mesh yokuqinisa yentsimbi yendabuko, ukumelana kwendlela kwi-deformation kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo ngokubanzi kuyaqiniswa ngakumbi. Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zeendawo ezahlukeneyo zokusebenza, icebo lokuqinisa elihlanganisiweyo elidibanisa "iifayibha zebasalt kunye nee-granules zerabha" nalo lingasetyenziswa. Xa umxholo we-granule zerabha ufikelela kwi-10%, amandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi ayanda nge-27.5%, amandla ayo okuguquguquka anyuka nge-19.6%, kwaye ukumelana kwayo ne-freeze-thaw kuphucuka ngaxeshanye nge-11.1%. Esi sisombululo sisombulula ngempumelelo imiba ebalulekileyo efana nomonakalo we-freeze-thaw kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya eziphakamileyo kunye ne-salt-fog corrosion kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya zaselunxwemeni. Ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kubonise ukuba iindlela zeenqwelo moya ezisebenzisa obu buchwepheshe zinokonyuka ngama-30% kumthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kunye nokwandiswa ngama-50% kubomi bokudinwa; ngaphezulu koko, umjikelo wolondolozo wolulwa ukusuka kwiminyaka emihlanu yesiqhelo ukuya kwiminyaka elishumi. Kwisikhululo seenqwelo moya samazwe ngamazwe apho obu buchwepheshe baphunyezwa khona, ubomi benkonzo yendlela yeenqwelo moya bolulwa ngama-30%, kwaye iindleko zokulungisa zehliswa ngama-40%, nto leyo ebangele ukonyuka okukhulu kokusebenza kakuhle.

Indawo yesibini yokuvelisa izinto ezintsha ibandakanya ukulula kweetowuni zokulawula izithuthi zomoya kunye nezibonelelo zokuhamba. Njenge "ziko lemithambo-luvo" yezithuthi zomoya ezikwindawo ephantsi, ezi zibonelelo akufuneki ziqinisekise kuphela uzinzo lwesakhiwo - kubandakanya ukumelana nomoya kunye nomsebenzi we-seismic - kodwa zikwanokuhambelana okuhle kwe-electromagnetic ukuthintela ukuphazamiseka kwemiqondiso yokuhamba kunye nonxibelelwano. Kwangaxeshanye, imingeni ekhoyo enxulumene nokwakhiwa kweendawo eziphakamileyo - ngakumbi ubunzima obubandakanyekayo kunye namaxesha eprojekthi ande - ifuna isisombululo ngokukhawuleza. Itekhnoloji ye-basalt fiber ifezekisa impumelelo kweli candelo ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubumba ezidibeneyo zezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Ngokusebenzisa ii-composites ze-Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) ukutshintsha izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiweyo zendabuko, ubunzima betowuni yolawulo bunokwehliswa ngama-70%, ngelixa ukumelana kwayo namandla omoya kunye ne-seismic kunyuswa ngaxeshanye ngama-50%. Ngaphezu koko, ukugquma kombane okugqwesileyo kwezinto kunye nokucaca kwamaza e-electromagnetic kuqinisekisa ukuba akuphazamisi ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwezixhobo ze-elektroniki, njengeenkqubo ze-radar kunye nonxibelelwano. Kwii-nodes ezibalulekileyo ezithwala umthwalo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, "inkqubo ye-basalt fiber-aluminium alloy hybrid" inokusetyenziswa; Kolu lwakhiwo, ii-alloys ze-aluminium zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo wee-nodes, ngelixa izinto eziphambili zesakhiwo zakhiwe nge-BFRP ukuqinisekisa ukukhanya kunye nokumelana nokugqwala, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo phakathi kokusebenza kunye nokhuseleko. Ngaphezu koko, ukuhlanganiswa kwefilosofi yoyilo lwemodyuli kuvumela ukuba izinto eziphambili zeetower zolawulo lwe-basalt fiber zilungiswe kwindawo yefektri, zifuna kuphela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokudibanisa kwindawo. Le ndlela inciphisa kakhulu umjikelo wokwakha—ngaphezulu kwe-40%—ngelixa ngaxeshanye inciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nomsebenzi wokuphakama okuphezulu kwaye inciphisa iingozi zokhuseleko lokwakha ngokubanzi. Kwimimandla enemozulu yaselwandle, ukumelana kwezi tower kunye nezibonelelo zokuhamba ezinxulumene nokugqwala kwetyuwa kuyamangalisa kakhulu, okubenza bakwazi ukugqiba ubomi benkonzo yeminyaka engama-20 ngaphandle kokubonisa iimpawu zokwaluphala okukhulu. Emva kokwamkelwa kwetower yokulawula i-basalt fiber kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya ngokubanzi, ixesha lokwakha alizange lincitshiswe kakhulu kuphela, kodwa iindleko zobomi zizonke nazo zehliswe ngama-35%, ngaloo ndlela zibonisa ixabiso elikhulu lezoqoqosho kunye nezobugcisa.

Inkalo yesithathu ephambili kukuqiniswa kweziseko zoncedo zenethiwekhi zezithuthi ezikwindawo esezantsi. Oku kuquka izixhobo ezifana neebhulorho, iitonela, kunye nee-viaducts ezidibanisa iindawo ezahlukeneyo zokusuka/zokufika kunye nee-logistics hubs. Ezi zakhiwo zifuneka ukuba zimelane nemithwalo yezithuthi ephindaphindayo; ngaphezu koko, njengoko ezinye zikwindawo engaphantsi komhlaba okanye kwiindawo ezikunxweme, zijongene neemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu malunga nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukungangeni kwamanzi, kunye nokuqina. I-Basalt fiber inegalelo kulo mzamo ikakhulu ngeendlela ezimbini: ukutshintshwa kwee-rebar kunye nokuqiniswa kwesakhiwo. Kwiiprojekthi ezintsha zokwakha, ukutshintshwa ngokupheleleyo kwe-rebar yentsimbi yendabuko kunye ne-basalt fiber rebar—ingakumbi kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ezifana nee-bridge main girders kunye nee-tunnel linings—kunokunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo nge-50% kwaye konyuse umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo nge-60%. Ngaphezu koko, yandisa ubomi benkonzo ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-50 yendabuko ukuya kwiminyaka engama-80 kwaye isusa imfuneko yokukhuselwa kwe-cathodic (eqhelekileyo efunekayo kwi-rebar yentsimbi), ngaloo ndlela inciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokugcinwa kwexesha elide. Ukuhlaziya nokwandisa iziseko zophuhliso ezidala, ukusetyenziswa kwe-basalt fiber mesh ukuqinisa ulwakhiwo kuvumela ukuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza kwamandla okuthwala umthwalo wezakhiwo ezikhoyo kunye nokumelana nokushukuma komhlaba, kujongana ngempumelelo neziphene zokusebenza ezinokuthi zithintele ukuhambelana kwazo neemfuno zoqoqosho olusezantsi. Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokubopha phakathi kwe-interfacial, indlela "yokuqinisa i-basalt fiber-nanomaterial synergistic" ingasetyenziswa; ngokusebenzisa izinto ezincinci ukuguqula umphezulu weefayibha, amandla okubopha phakathi kwefayibha kunye nekhonkrithi anyuswa ngama-47%, ngaloo ndlela kuqinisekiswa ukwandiswa kwesiphumo sokuqinisa. Kwiprojekthi yokuhlaziya i-viaduct yehabhu yezothutho oluphantsi, ukusetyenziswa kokuqinisa i-basalt fiber kuphucule ngempumelelo umlinganiselo wokumelana nokushukuma komhlaba webhulorho ukusuka kwiBanga lesi-7 ukuya kwiBanga lesi-9, ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo neemfuno zethrafikhi ephezulu evela kwizithuthi zothutho eziphantsi. Kwangaxeshanye, iindleko zokuhlaziya zancitshiswa ngama-40%, kwaye ubomi benkonzo bandiswa ngama-50%, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa ukuphuculwa okusebenzayo nokusebenzayo kwesakhiwo sokuguga. Okokugqibela, kukho ukuphuculwa kwezibonelelo ezincedisayo kunye neenkqubo ezisebenzayo. Nangona ezi zakhiwo zingezizo izakhiwo eziphambili ezithwala umthwalo, zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokhuseleko lweziseko zophuhliso ezisezantsi; imizekelo ibandakanya imibhobho yokukhupha amanzi kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya, iinkqubo zokubonelela ngepetroli, kunye neendlela zokukhusela iintambo zamandla. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bokuguqula izinto ezidityanisiweyo, i-basalt fiber isetyenzisiwe ukuphuhlisa imibhobho ye-basalt fiber edityanisiweyo. Xa isetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokukhupha amanzi kwisikhululo seenqwelo-moya kunye nokubonelela ngepetroli, ukumelana kwayo okugqwesileyo kwi-asidi, i-alkalis, kunye nokugqwala kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yemibhobho ngaphezu kokuphindwe kathathu.

Ngaphezu koko, ziyayisusa imiba yokuvuza ebangelwa zizinto ezibangela ukubola, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokusebenza nokugcinwa. Kwindawo yokukhusela iintambo zamandla, imibhobho yentambo ye-basalt fiber ibonisa iimpawu zokukhusela eziphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinto zendabuko zokufaka iipayipi; uluhlu lwazo lokumelana nobushushu luye lwandiswa ukusuka kwi-70°C ukuya kwi-200°C, nto leyo enciphisa ngempumelelo umngcipheko womlilo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Ukongeza, zibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nempembelelo kunye nokuguga, nto leyo eyenza ukuba zifaneleke kakuhle kwiindawo ezintsonkothileyo zangaphandle. Isicelo esijonge phambili ngakumbi siquka ukuhlanganiswa okunzulu kwe-basalt fiber kunye nezixhobo ezikrelekrele—ngokukodwa, ngokufaka iisensa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza izinto ukuze kuvumeleke ukujonga impilo yesakhiwo. Olu buchule luvumela ukubanjwa kwedatha ngexesha langempela njengokwahluka koxinzelelo kunye nokuguquguquka kobushushu ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo, okwenza kube lula ukulumkisa ngexesha elifanelekileyo malunga neengozi zokhuseleko. Ekugqibeleni, oku kuqhuba utshintsho lweziseko ezisezantsi ukusuka kwimodeli "yokugcinwa okungenamsebenzi" ukuya kwenye "yesilumkiso esisebenzayo," ngaloo ndlela kuphucula ngakumbi ukhuseleko lokusebenza kunye nokuthembeka.