Shin kuna yin bankwana da Karfe da Siminti? Fiber ɗin Basalt Shin Yana Tasowa "Juyin Juya Halin Kayayyaki" a cikin Kayayyakin more rayuwa Masu Ƙasa.

A sakamakon karuwar "tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin tsayi," gina ababen more rayuwa - kamar tashi da saukar jiragen sama marasa matuƙa da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, filayen jiragen sama na gabaɗaya, cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki masu ƙarancin tsayi, da hasumiyoyin kewayawa da sadarwa - yana fuskantar ƙaruwar buƙata. Waɗannan wurare ba wai kawai dole ne su cika manyan buƙatu ba ne don Mai Sauƙi ƙira, ƙarfi mai yawa, da tsawon rai, amma kuma yana daidaitawa da yanayin aiki mai rikitarwa wanda ya haɗa da yanayi mai tsauri, feshin gishirin teku, da amfani da shi akai-akai, duk yayin da yake daidaitawa da yanayin haɓaka kore da ƙarancin carbon. A matsayin "kayan masana'antu masu kore na ƙarni na 21," ana samar da zare na basalt ne kawai daga dutsen aman wuta ta halitta ta hanyar narkewa da zana a yanayin zafi daga 1,450°C zuwa 1,550°C. Fa'idodin aikinsa na musamman sun dace da buƙatun kayan more rayuwa masu ƙarancin tsayi, kuma a halin yanzu yana ƙarfafa haɓaka kayayyakin more rayuwa ta hanyoyi daban-daban na fasaha. Idan aka kwatanta da kayan gargajiya kamar ƙarfe da siminti, zare na basalt yana da yawa na 2.6–2.8 g/cm³ kawai kuma ƙarfin tauri yana kaiwa 3,000–4,000 MPa. Yana haɗa juriya mai kyau ga yanayin zafi mai yawa (yana jure yanayin zafi mai tsayi fiye da 260°C, tare da juriya ga yanayin zafi sama da 300°C na ɗan lokaci), juriya ga tsatsa (yana kiyaye sama da 90% na aikinsa a cikin yanayin acidic, alkaline, da gishiri), da ingantaccen rufin lantarki da bayyananniyar raƙuman lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, tsawon lokacin gajiyarsa ya fi na kayan gargajiya fiye da 50%, yayin da tsarin samarwarsa ke cinye makamashi ƙasa da 70% kuma yana samar da ƙarancin hayakin carbon dioxide ƙasa da kashi 60% fiye da samar da ƙarfe, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama kayan aiki mafi kyau don haɓaka ingantaccen kayan more rayuwa masu ƙarancin tsayi.

Manyan hanyoyin da za a bi wajen gina kayayyakin more rayuwa masu ƙarancin tsayi, wato basalt fiber, sun ta'allaka ne akan muhimman fannoni guda huɗu. Ta hanyar amfani da sabbin abubuwa da kuma daidaita tsarin aiki, yana cimma manufofi da dama na inganta ayyukan ababen more rayuwa, inganta farashi, da kuma tsawaita tsawon lokacin aiki.

Na farko daga cikin waɗannan fannoni shine haɓaka juyin juya hali na Titin Jirgin Sama da kuma aprons—muhimmin sashi wajen tabbatar da tsaro wajen tashi da sauka a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin tsayi. Titin jirgin sama na gargajiya yana da sauƙin kamuwa da matsaloli kamar fashewa da rugujewa sakamakon zagayowar daskarewa da narkewa, manyan kaya, da kuma zirga-zirgar jiragen sama masu yawan mita; haka kuma, farashin gyara irin waɗannan titin jirgin sama yana da matuƙar yawa musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, kamar tuddai masu tsayi da yankunan bakin teku.Basalt fiber yana cimma ci gaban fasaha ta hanyoyi guda biyu masu mahimmanci: Na farko, ta hanyar haɗa zaruruwan basalt da aka yanka—a rabon girma na 0.3%—zuwa cikin siminti, ana samar da hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku don kama fasa. Wannan yana iyakance fasawar hanyar jirgin ƙasa zuwa cikin 0.02 mm yadda ya kamata, wanda hakan ke ƙara ƙarfin juriyar fasawa sosai. Na biyu, ta hanyar sanya grids na fiber na basalt a cikin tushe ko saman titin jirgin sama don maye gurbin ragar ƙarfafa ƙarfe na gargajiya, juriyar hanyar ga nakasawa da amincin tsarin gabaɗaya suna ƙara ƙarfi. Don biyan buƙatun daban-daban na yanayin aiki daban-daban, ana iya amfani da dabarun ƙarfafawa na haɗaka waɗanda suka haɗa "zaruruwan basalt da granules na roba". Lokacin da abun cikin granule na roba ya kai 10%, ƙarfin matsi na siminti yana ƙaruwa da 27.5%, ƙarfin lanƙwasa yana ƙaruwa da 19.6%, kuma juriyarsa ta daskarewa-narkewa yana ƙaruwa a lokaci guda da 11.1%. Wannan mafita tana magance matsaloli masu mahimmanci kamar lalacewar daskarewa-narkewa a filayen jirgin sama masu tsayi da kuma lalata gishiri-hazo a filayen jirgin saman bakin teku. Aikace-aikacen da aka yi amfani da su sun nuna cewa hanyoyin jiragen sama da ke amfani da wannan fasaha suna samun ƙaruwa da kashi 30% a ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya da kuma tsawaita lokacin gajiya da kashi 50%; haka kuma, ana tsawaita lokacin gyara daga shekaru biyar na gargajiya zuwa shekaru goma. A wani filin jirgin sama na duniya inda aka aiwatar da wannan fasaha, an tsawaita tsawon lokacin sabis na titin jirgin da kashi 30%, kuma an rage farashin gyara da kashi 40%, wanda ya haifar da ingantaccen aiki.

Bangare na biyu na kirkire-kirkire ya ƙunshi rage nauyin hasumiyoyin kula da zirga-zirgar jiragen sama da wuraren kewayawa. A matsayinsu na "cibiyoyin jijiyoyi" na zirga-zirgar jiragen sama masu ƙarancin tsayi, waɗannan wurare ba wai kawai dole ne su tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na tsarin ba - gami da juriya ga iska da ayyukan girgizar ƙasa - amma kuma suna da kyakkyawan jituwa da lantarki don hana tsangwama ga siginar kewayawa da sadarwa. A halin yanzu, ƙalubalen da ke tattare da ginin tsaunuka masu tsayi - musamman wahalhalun da ke tattare da tsawaita lokacin aikin - suna buƙatar gaggawar warwarewa. Fasahar fiber ta Basalt ta cimma nasara a wannan fanni ta hanyar amfani da dabarun ƙera kayan haɗin gwiwa. Ta hanyar amfani da haɗakar simintin Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) don maye gurbin gine-ginen siminti na gargajiya, jimlar nauyin hasumiyar sarrafawa za a iya rage shi da kashi 70%, yayin da juriyarsa ga iska da ƙarfin girgizar ƙasa ke ƙaruwa da kashi 50%. Bugu da ƙari, ingantaccen rufin lantarki na kayan da kuma bayyana raƙuman lantarki na lantarki suna tabbatar da cewa ba ya tsoma baki ga aikin yau da kullun na kayan lantarki, kamar tsarin radar da sadarwa. Ga muhimman hanyoyin ɗaukar kaya a cikin tsarin, ana iya amfani da "tsarin haɗakar ƙarfe mai fiber-aluminum"; a cikin wannan tsari, ana amfani da ƙarfe mai aluminum don ƙarfafa ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na ƙwayoyin, yayin da aka gina manyan sassan tsarin daga BFRP don tabbatar da sauƙin nauyi da juriya ga tsatsa, ta haka ne ake samun daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin aiki da aminci. Bugu da ƙari, haɗakar falsafar ƙira mai tsari yana ba da damar a yi wa manyan sassan hasumiyoyin sarrafa fiber na basalt ado a cikin masana'anta, yana buƙatar haɗuwa da haɗawa a wurin kawai. Wannan hanyar tana rage yawan zagayowar gini - da sama da 40% - yayin da a lokaci guda ke rage haɗarin da ke tattare da aikin tsayi da rage haɗarin aminci na gini gabaɗaya. A yankuna masu yanayin teku, juriyar waɗannan hasumiyai da wuraren kewayawa da ke da alaƙa da tsatsa mai feshi da gishiri ya yi fice musamman, wanda ke ba su damar kammala rayuwar sabis na shekaru 20 ba tare da nuna alamun tsufa mai mahimmanci ba. Bayan amfani da hasumiyar sarrafa fiber basalt a filin jirgin sama na gabaɗaya, ba wai kawai an rage jadawalin aikin ginin sosai ba, har ma an rage jimlar kuɗin zagayowar rayuwa da kashi 35%, wanda hakan ya nuna babban darajar tattalin arziki da fasaha.

Abu na uku mafi muhimmanci shine ƙarfafa kayayyakin tallafi ga hanyoyin sadarwa na zirga-zirgar ababen hawa masu ƙarancin tsayi. Wannan ya ƙunshi wurare kamar gadoji, ramuka, da hanyoyin sadarwa waɗanda ke haɗa wurare daban-daban na tashi/sauka da cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki. Ana buƙatar waɗannan gine-ginen don jure wa yawan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa; ƙari ga haka, kamar yadda wasu suke a ƙarƙashin ƙasa ko a yankunan bakin teku, suna fuskantar buƙatu masu tsauri game da ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya, rashin shiga ruwa, da dorewa. Fiber ɗin Basalt yana ba da gudummawa ga wannan ƙoƙarin musamman ta hanyoyi biyu: maye gurbin rebar da ƙarfafa tsarin. A cikin sabbin ayyukan gini, maye gurbin rebar ƙarfe na gargajiya da rebar basalt fiber gaba ɗaya - musamman a cikin mahimman abubuwa kamar manyan girders na gada da layin rami - na iya rage nauyin tsarin da kashi 50% kuma ƙara ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya da kashi 60%. Bugu da ƙari, yana tsawaita rayuwar sabis daga shekaru 50 na gargajiya zuwa shekaru 80 kuma yana kawar da buƙatar kariyar cathodic (yawanci ana buƙata don rebar ƙarfe), ta haka yana rage farashin kulawa na dogon lokaci sosai. Don gyara da faɗaɗa kayayyakin more rayuwa na tsufa, amfani da ragar fiber basalt don ƙarfafa tsarin yana ba da damar haɓaka ƙarfin ɗaukar kaya na wuraren da ake da su da kuma juriyar girgizar ƙasa, ta yadda za a magance ƙarancin aiki wanda ka iya kawo cikas ga daidaitonsu da buƙatun tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin tsayi. Don ƙara inganta aikin haɗin gwiwa na fuska, ana iya amfani da dabarar "ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa na fiber-nanomaterial"; ta hanyar amfani da nanomaterials don gyara saman zaruruwan, ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin zaruruwan da siminti yana ƙaruwa da kashi 47%, don haka yana tabbatar da haɓaka tasirin ƙarfafawa. A cikin aikin gyaran viaduct don cibiyar jigilar kayayyaki mai ƙarancin tsayi, aikace-aikacen ƙarfafa fiber basalt ya sami nasarar haɓaka ƙimar juriyar girgizar ƙasa ta gadar daga Mataki na 7 zuwa Mataki na 9, wanda ya cika buƙatun zirga-zirgar ababen hawa masu yawa daga ƙananan hawa. A lokaci guda, an rage farashin gyara da kashi 40%, kuma an tsawaita rayuwar sabis da kashi 50%, ta haka ne aka cimma ingantaccen haɓakawa da inganci na wurin tsufa. A ƙarshe, akwai haɓaka kayan aiki masu taimako da tsarin aiki. Duk da cewa waɗannan kayan aikin ba su ƙunshi manyan tsare-tsaren ɗaukar kaya ba, suna shafar ingancin aiki da amincin kayayyakin more rayuwa masu ƙarancin tsayi; misalai sun haɗa da bututun magudanar ruwa na filin jirgin sama, tsarin samar da mai, da hanyoyin kariya don kebul na wutar lantarki. Ta hanyar fasahar gyaggyara haɗin gwiwa, an yi amfani da fiber na basalt don haɓaka bututun haɗakar fiber na basalt. Lokacin da aka tura su a cikin magudanar ruwa da tsarin samar da mai na filin jirgin sama, juriyarsu ta musamman ga acid, alkalis, da tsatsa ta tsawaita rayuwar bututun da fiye da ninki uku.

Bugu da ƙari, suna kawar da matsalolin zubewa da kafofin watsa labarai masu lalata ke haifarwa, ta haka ne suke rage haɗarin aiki da kulawa sosai. A fannin kariyar kebul na wutar lantarki, hanyoyin kebul na fiber basalt suna nuna kyawawan halaye na kariya idan aka kwatanta da kayan bututu na gargajiya; an faɗaɗa kewayon juriyar zafin jikinsu daga 70°C zuwa 200°C, wanda hakan ke rage haɗarin gobara a yanayin zafi mai yawa. Bugu da ƙari, suna nuna kyakkyawan juriya ga tasiri da tsufa, wanda hakan ya sa suka dace da yanayin waje mai rikitarwa. Aikace-aikacen da ya fi dacewa ya haɗa da haɗakar fiber basalt tare da kayan fasaha - musamman, ta hanyar saka na'urori masu auna firikwensin yayin tsarin kera kayan don ba da damar sa ido kan lafiyar tsarin. Wannan ikon yana ba da damar kama bayanai a ainihin lokaci kamar bambancin damuwa da canjin zafin jiki a cikin kayan aiki, yana sauƙaƙa gargaɗi kan lokaci game da haɗarin aminci. A ƙarshe, wannan yana haifar da sauya kayayyakin more rayuwa masu ƙarancin tsayi daga samfurin "gyaran aiki" zuwa ɗaya daga cikin "gargaɗi mai aiki," ta haka yana ƙara haɓaka aminci da aminci na aiki.