Ingabe Uzovala Insimbi Nokhonkolo? I-Basalt Fiber Ibangela "Uguquko Lwezinto Ezisetshenziswayo" Kwingqalasizinda Ephansi.

Ngenxa yokwanda okusheshayo "komnotho osezingeni eliphansi," ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda - njengezindawo zokusuka nezokufikela kwama-drone, izikhumulo zezindiza ezijwayelekile, izindawo zokuthutha ezisezingeni eliphansi, kanye nemibhoshongo yokuhamba nokuxhumana - kufakazelwa ukwanda okukhulu kwesidingo. Lezi zikhungo akumele zihlangabezane nezidingo eziyinhloko kuphela Ilula umklamo, amandla aphezulu, kanye nokuphila isikhathi eside, kodwa futhi ivumelana nezimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihilela izimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu, ukufuthwa kukasawoti wasolwandle, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwemvamisa ephezulu, konke lokhu kuhambisana nomzila wokuthuthukiswa okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nokunekhabhoni ephansi. Njenge "zinto zezimboni eziluhlaza zekhulu lama-21," i-basalt fiber ikhiqizwa kuphela edwaleni lemvelo lentaba-mlilo ngenqubo yokuncibilika nokudonsa emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-1,450°C kuya ku-1,550°C. Izinzuzo zayo zokusebenza eziyingqayizivele zihambisana kahle nezidingo ezinzima zengqalasizinda ephansi, futhi okwamanje inika amandla ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zobuchwepheshe. Uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zendabuko ezifana nensimbi nokhonkolo, i-basalt fiber inobuningi obungu-2.6–2.8 g/cm³ kuphela kanye namandla okudonsa afinyelela ku-3,000–4,000 MPa. Ihlanganisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushisa okuphezulu (ibekezelela amazinga okushisa okusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo angaphezu kuka-260°C, kanye nokubekezelela isikhathi esifushane amazinga okushisa angaphezu kuka-300°C), ukumelana nokugqwala (igcina ukusebenza kwayo okungaphezu kuka-90% ezindaweni ezine-acidic, alkaline, kanye ne-salt-spray), kanye nokushisa okuphezulu kukagesi kanye nokucaca kwamagagasi kagesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isikhathi sayo sokukhathala side ngaphezu kuka-50% kunesezinto zendabuko, kuyilapho inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza idla amandla angaphansi kuka-70% futhi ikhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-carbon dioxide okungaphansi kuka-60% kunokukhiqizwa kwensimbi, okwenza kube yinto efanelekile yokuqhuba intuthuko yekhwalithi ephezulu yengqalasizinda ephansi.

Izindlela eziyinhloko lapho i-basalt fiber inika amandla ukwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda ephansi zijikeleza ezindaweni ezine ezibalulekile. Ngokusebenzisa ukusungula izinto ezintsha kanye nokuzivumelanisa nenqubo, kufeza izinhloso eziningi zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqalasizinda, ukwenza ngcono izindleko, kanye nokwandisa impilo yenkonzo.

Eyokuqala yalezi zindawo ukuthuthukiswa kwezinguquko Imigwaqo Yezindiza kanye nama-aproni—isici esibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ukuhamba nokufika kuphephile ngaphakathi komnotho osezingeni eliphansi. Imigwaqo yezindiza yendabuko isengozini yezinkinga ezifana nokuqhekeka kanye nokuwohloka okubangelwa imijikelezo yokuncibilika, imithwalo esindayo, kanye nokuhamba kwezindiza okuhamba njalo; ngaphezu kwalokho, izindleko zokulungisa imigwaqo yezindiza enjalo ziphakeme kakhulu ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu, njengezindawo eziphakeme kakhulu kanye nezifunda ezisogwini.I-Basalt fiber Ifinyelela intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: Okokuqala, ngokufaka imicu ye-basalt eqoshiwe—ngesilinganiso somthamo esingu-0.3%—kukhonkrithi, kwakhiwa inethiwekhi yokuvimba imifantu enezinhlangothi ezintathu. Lokhu kuvimbela imifantu yendlela ngaphakathi kuka-0.02 mm, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukumelana nemifantu. Okwesibili, ngokubeka amagridi e-basalt fiber ngaphakathi kwesisekelo sendlela noma izendlalelo zomphezulu ukuze kuthathelwe indawo imeshi yokuqinisa yensimbi yendabuko, ukumelana kwendlela yomgwaqo ekuguqukeni nasekuqineni kwesakhiwo kuqiniswa kakhulu. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukahlukene zezindawo zokusebenza ezahlukene, isu lokuqinisa elihlanganisiwe elihlanganisa "imicu ye-basalt kanye nama-granule enjoloba" nalo lingasetshenziswa. Lapho okuqukethwe kwe-granule yenjoloba kufinyelela ku-10%, amandla okucindezela ekhonkrithi anda ngo-27.5%, amandla ayo okuguquguquka anda ngo-19.6%, kanti ukumelana kwayo nokuncibilika kweqhwa kuthuthuka ngasikhathi sinye ngo-11.1%. Lesi sixazululo sixazulula ngempumelelo izinkinga ezibalulekile njengomonakalo wokuncibilika kweqhwa ezikhumulweni zezindiza eziphakeme kanye nokugqwala kwenkungu kasawoti ezikhumulweni zezindiza zasogwini. Ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kubonise ukuthi imigwaqo yezindiza esebenzisa lobu buchwepheshe ithola ukwanda okungu-30% komthamo wokuthwala umthwalo kanye nokwandiswa okungu-50% empilweni yokukhathala; ngaphezu kwalokho, umjikelezo wokulungisa welulwa kusukela eminyakeni emihlanu yendabuko kuya eminyakeni eyishumi. Esikhumulweni sezindiza esisodwa samazwe ngamazwe lapho kwasetshenziswa khona lobu buchwepheshe, impilo yesevisi yale migwaqo yelulwa ngo-30%, kanti izindleko zokulungisa zehliswa ngo-40%, okwaholela ekuthuthukisweni okukhulu kokusebenza kahle.

Indawo yesibili yokusungula izinto ezintsha ihilela ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kwemibhoshongo yokulawula ithrafikhi yomoya kanye nezindawo zokuzulazula. Njengezindawo "zezinzwa" zethrafikhi yomoya ephansi, lezi zindawo akumele ziqinisekise ukuzinza kwesakhiwo kuphela—kufaka phakathi ukumelana nomoya nomsebenzi wokuzamazama komhlaba—kodwa futhi kufanele zibe nokuhambisana okuhle kakhulu kwe-electromagnetic ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kwezimpawu zokuzulazula kanye nokuxhumana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinselele ezihambisana nokwakhiwa kwezindawo eziphakeme—ikakhulukazi ubunzima obuhilelekile kanye nezikhathi zephrojekthi ezinde—zidinga ukuxazululwa ngokushesha. Ubuchwepheshe be-Basalt fiber bufinyelela impumelelo kulesi sigaba ngokusebenzisa amasu okubumba ahlanganisiwe wezinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ngokusebenzisa izinhlanganisela ze-Basalt Fiber Reinforced Polymer (BFRP) ukuze kuthathelwe indawo izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinisiwe zendabuko, isisindo sonke sombhoshongo wokulawula singancishiswa ngo-70%, kuyilapho ukumelana kwawo namandla omoya kanye nokuzamazama komhlaba kuthuthukiswa ngasikhathi sinye ngo-50%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukufakelwa kukagesi okumangalisayo kwezinto kanye nokucaca kwamagagasi kagesi kuqinisekisa ukuthi akuphazamisi ukusebenza okuvamile kwemishini kagesi, njengezinhlelo ze-radar kanye nezokuxhumana. Kuma-node athwala umthwalo abalulekile ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo, "uhlelo lwe-basalt fiber-aluminium alloy hybrid" lungasetshenziswa; Kulolu hlobo lokucushwa, ama-aluminium alloys asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa amandla okuthwala umthwalo wama-node, kuyilapho izingxenye eziyinhloko zesakhiwo zakhiwe nge-BFRP ukuqinisekisa ukuqina nokumelana nokugqwala, ngaleyo ndlela kufezwe ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokusebenza nokuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlanganiswa kwefilosofi yokuklama ye-modular kuvumela ukuthi izingxenye eziyinhloko zemibhoshongo yokulawula i-basalt fiber zilungiswe kusengaphambili endaweni yefektri, okudinga ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa endaweni kuphela. Le ndlela ifinyeza kakhulu umjikelezo wokwakha—ngaphezu kuka-40%—ngesikhathi esifanayo inciphisa izingozi ezihlobene nomsebenzi wokuphakama okuphezulu futhi inciphise izingozi zokuphepha zokwakha. Ezindaweni ezinezimo zezulu zasolwandle, ukumelana kwale mibhoshongo kanye nezindawo zokuhamba ezihlobene nokugqwala kwe-salt-spray kuvelele kakhulu, okubenza bakwazi ukuqeda impilo yenkonzo yeminyaka engama-20 ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zokuguga okukhulu. Ngemva kokwamukelwa kombhoshongo wokulawula i-basalt fiber esikhumulweni sezindiza esijwayelekile, isikhathi sokwakha asizange nje sincishiswe kakhulu, kodwa izindleko zomjikelezo wokuphila nazo zehliswe ngo-35%, ngaleyo ndlela kukhombisa inani elikhulu lezomnotho nelobuchwepheshe.

Isici sesithathu esibalulekile ukuqiniswa kwengqalasizinda yokusekela amanethiwekhi ethrafikhi aphansi. Lokhu kuhlanganisa izikhungo ezifana namabhuloho, imigudu, kanye nemigwaqo exhumanisa izindawo ezahlukene zokusuka/zokufika kanye nezindawo zokuthutha. Lezi zakhiwo ziyadingeka ukuze zimelane nemithwalo yethrafikhi evame kakhulu; ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ezinye zitholakala ngaphansi komhlaba noma ezindaweni ezisogwini, zibhekene nezidingo eziqinile kakhulu mayelana nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo, ukungangeni kwamanzi, kanye nokuqina. I-Basalt fiber inegalelo kulo mzamo ikakhulukazi ngezindlela ezimbili: ukushintshwa kwe-rebar kanye nokuqinisa isakhiwo. Emaphrojekthini amasha okwakha, ukushintshwa okuphelele kwe-rebar yensimbi yendabuko nge-basalt fiber rebar—ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni ezibalulekile njenge-bridge main girders kanye ne-tunnel linings—kunganciphisa isisindo sesakhiwo ngo-50% futhi kwandise umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo ngo-60%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yandisa impilo yesevisi kusukela eminyakeni engu-50 yendabuko kuya eminyakeni engu-80 futhi iqeda isidingo sokuvikelwa kwe-cathodic (ngokuvamile okudingekayo kwi-rebar yensimbi), ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokugcinwa kwesikhathi eside. Ukuze kulungiswe futhi kwandiswe ingqalasizinda yokuguga, ukusetshenziswa kwe-basalt fiber mesh yokuqinisa isakhiwo kuvumela ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo kwamandla okuthwala umthwalo wezakhiwo ezikhona kanye nokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba, kuxazululwe ngempumelelo ukuntuleka kokusebenza okungase kuphazamise ukuhambisana kwazo nezidingo zomnotho wokuphakama okuphansi. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kokubopha phakathi kwezindawo, kungasetshenziswa inqubo "yokuqinisa i-basalt fiber-nanomaterial synergistic"; ngokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswayo ukushintsha ubuso bezindawo, amandla okubopha phakathi kwezindawo kanye nokhonkolo akhushulwa ngo-47%, ngaleyo ndlela kuqinisekiswe ukwandiswa komphumela wokuqinisa. Kuphrojekthi yokuvuselela i-viaduct yesikhungo sezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi, ukusetshenziswa kokuqinisa i-basalt fiber kuthuthukise ngempumelelo isilinganiso sokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba sebhuloho kusukela eBangeni 7 kuya eBangeni 9, kwahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo zethrafikhi ephezulu evela ezimotweni zezinto ezisezingeni eliphansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izindleko zokuvuselela zancishiswa ngo-40%, futhi impilo yesevisi yandiswa ngo-50%, ngaleyo ndlela kwafezwa ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo nokuphumelelayo kwesikhungo sokuguga. Okokugcina, kukhona ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo ezisizayo kanye nezinhlelo ezisebenzayo. Nakuba lezi zikhungo zingakhi izakhiwo eziyinhloko ezithwala umthwalo, zithinta ngqo ukusebenza kahle kanye nokuphepha kwengqalasizinda ephansi; izibonelo zifaka phakathi amapayipi okukhipha amanzi esikhumulweni sezindiza, izinhlelo zokuphakelwa kukaphethiloli, kanye nemigudu yokuvikela izintambo zikagesi. Ngobuchwepheshe bokuguqulwa kwenhlanganisela, i-basalt fiber isetshenziswe ukuthuthukisa amapayipi enhlanganisela ye-basalt fiber. Uma isetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zokukhipha amanzi esikhumulweni sezindiza kanye nokunikezwa kukaphethiloli, ukumelana kwayo okungavamile kuma-acid, ama-alkali, kanye nokugqwala kwandisa impilo yenkonzo yamapayipi ngokuphindwe kathathu.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, zisusa izinkinga zokuvuza ezibangelwa yimidiya egqwalisayo, ngaleyo ndlela zinciphisa kakhulu izingozi zokusebenza nokugcinwa. Endaweni yokuvikela ikhebula lamandla, imihubhe yekhebula le-basalt fiber ikhombisa izakhiwo zokuvikela eziphakeme kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinto zokufaka amapayipi zendabuko; ububanzi bazo bokumelana nokushisa buye bandiswa kusukela ku-70°C kuya ku-200°C, okunciphisa ngempumelelo izingozi zomlilo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zibonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nomthelela nokuguga, okwenza zifaneleke kahle ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi zangaphandle. Isicelo esibheke phambili sihilela ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwe-basalt fiber nezinto ezihlakaniphile—ikakhulukazi, ngokufaka izinzwa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza izingxenye ukuze kuvunyelwe ukuqapha impilo yesakhiwo. Leli khono livumela ukuthunjwa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela njengokwehluka kokucindezeleka nokushintshashintsha kokushisa ngaphakathi kwezikhungo, okwenza kube lula ukuxwayisa ngesikhathi esifanele mayelana nezingozi zokuphepha ezingaba khona. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuqhuba ukuguqulwa kwengqalasizinda ephansi kusuka kumodeli "yokulungiswa okungenamsebenzi" kuya kwenye "yesixwayiso esisebenzayo," ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukisa ukuphepha nokusebenza nokuthembeka.