Ukusuka kwiMiphezulu yeNyanga ukuya kwiiLwandle eziNzulu: Ukwahlulwahlulwa kweMigangatho emiThathu kwamandla eBasalt

Isuka e ifayibha yebasaltiiflegi zesizwe zityhileke kwicala elikude lenyanga ukuya kwizakhiwo eziphambili zamaqonga okufuya iintlanzi olwandle olunzulu, nakwiindawo ezingaphantsi kweendlela ezinkulu ezingenakuqhekeka, Ukutya kweBasaltIi-erials ziye zagqama kwiimeko ezimandundu nakwiiprojekthi zobunjineli bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokusebenza kwazo okuchasene nokwaluphala.

Eli litye lendalo lentaba-mlilo, elenziwe kukupholisa nokuqina kwe-magma nzulu eMhlabeni, libonisa iimpawu 'eziqinileyo' emva kokucubungula ezidlula kakhulu izinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, liye laba yinto ekhethwayo kwimveliso ephezulu, ubunjineli beziseko, kunye Inqwelo-moya amacandelo. Namhlanje, siza kuhlalutya amandla okusebenza kwezinto ze-basalt kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili ukuze siqonde kanye kanye ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba yomelele kangaka.

01 Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu: 'Iqhawe elingatshiyo' phantsi kotshintsho olukhulu lobushushu

Ukumelana namawakawaka eeDigri zoBushushu kunye noVavanyo oluBanda kakhulu

Ukumelana okuphezulu kobushushu bezinto ze-basalt kuvela ekudalweni kwayo kwendalo kwentaba-mlilo. Ekubeni iyi-magma ephola ngokukhawuleza kumphezulu woMhlaba, inamandla 'ofuzo' okumelana nobushushu obugqithisileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iindlela zanamhlanje zokucubungula, i-basalt fiber ephumayo iphucula ngakumbi olu zinzo lobushushu, ibe yenye yezinto ezimbalwa ezikwaziyo ukusebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiinguqu zobushushu obugqithisileyo.

• Uluhlu lobushushu bokusebenza olubanzi kakhulu: Ubushushu bokusebenza be-basalt fiber buqala kwi -269°C ukuya kwi-700°C, apho umda okhawulezileyo ufikelela kwi-1200°C. Kwiindawo ezihlala zichatshazelwa yi-500-600°C, ezifana neendonga zangaphakathi ze-oven yemizi-mveliso kunye nemibhobho yegesi yokukhupha ulwelo olushushu kakhulu, inika inkonzo ezinzileyo ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuthambisa, ukugoba, okanye ukwehla.
• Ukhuseleko Olugqithisileyo Lomlilo: Kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo zomlilo, iingubo zomlilo ezilukiweyo ngeefayibha zebasalt zinokuthintela ngokuthe ngqo ukusasazeka kwamadangatye angama-1200°C. Okubaluleke kakhulu, azikhuphi zigesi zinobungozi ngexesha lokutsha, zigcina iifestile zegolide zokuphuma ukuze kukhuselwe abasebenzi kunye nepropathi.
• Akukho Kubhitya Kwiqondo Lobushushu Eliphantsi Kakhulu: Kwimeko-bume erhabaxa ye -269°C, iimpawu zayo zoomatshini azibonisi ukuthomalaliswa, ziphepha iingxaki ezifana nokuqhekeka okanye ukwaphuka. Iflegi yesizwe ye-basalt fiber ethwalwa yiChang'e-6 yanyamezela imijikelo yobushushu obuphezulu naphantsi ngexesha lokujikeleza kwayo kwenyanga kunye nezigaba zokufika, kodwa yahlala ithe tyaba kwaye ingamilanga kakuhle.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinto eziqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela ubushushu be-basalt kubonakala ngokucacileyo: intsimbi eqhelekileyo ilahlekelwa ngokupheleleyo ngamandla ayo olwakhiwo ngaphezu kwama-600°C, kwaye ifayibha yeglasi iqala ukuthamba malunga nama-200°C. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, izinto ze-basalt zigcina ngaphezulu kwe-80% yokusebenza kwazo koomatshini bokuqala kwi-700°C eshushu kakhulu, nto leyo ezenza zibe ngumkhuseli othembekileyo kakhulu xa kushushu kakhulu.

02 Ukumelana Nokugqwala: 'Akunakonakaliswa' Phakathi Kwee-Acids, iiAlkalis, kunye neTyuwa Sprays

Ukuhlala Uqinile Ngokwesakhiwo Nasemva Kokuntywiliselwa Ixesha Elide

Izinto eziphambili zeekhemikhali zezinto ze-basalt ziquka i-SiO2, i-Al2O3, i-CaO, kunye nezinye ii-oxides, ezakha isakhiwo sekristale esixineneyo kakhulu. Olu lwakhiwo lwendalo lukhusela izinto ekukhukulisekeni zii-asidi ezahlukeneyo, ii-alkalis, izitshizi zetyuwa, kunye nezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali, zithintela ngokupheleleyo ukugqwala, ukugqwala, kunye nemiba yokuwohloka echaphazela iintsimbi kunye nekhonkrithi.

• Ukugcinwa kwe-Acid kunye neAlkali engaqhelekanga: Uvavanyo lwesayensi lubonisa ukuba emva kokudlula kwimijikelo engama-40 emanzi-eyomileyo kwizisombululo ezahlukeneyo ze-acid-base ukusuka kwi-pH 2 ukuya kwi-11, izinto ze-basalt zigcina izinga lokugcina amandla elingaphezulu kwe-90%. Olu sebenza luphezulu kakhulu kuneefayibha zeglasi zendabuko, ezilahlekelwa ngamandla angama-30% kwiindawo ezingenabungozi ze-pH 4-9.
• Isisombululo 'soLondolozo olungenazo iiNkonzo zoBunjineli baseLwandle': Kwiindawo zaselwandle apho izakhiwo zentsimbi zesiqhelo zithwala ityuwa eninzi kunye nokugqwala kwamaza—okufuna ukususwa nokugqwala rhoqo, okubiza kakhulu—iiprofayili ze-basalt fiber composite zigcina izinga lokugcina amandla le-95% emva kovavanyo lwe-salt spray lweeyure ezili-1000, zifuna ukuba zingabikho ukulungiswa kokulwa nokugqwala.

Ngaphezu koko, kwiindawo apho izinto zigqunywe khona kwiindawo ezixineneyo kangangeminyaka emininzi—njengemibhobho yezityalo zonyango lwamanzi amdaka okanye ii-linings ze-chemical reactor—izinto ze-basalt zibonisa ukunyamezela okumangalisayo emanzini anetyuwa, amanzi amdaka, kunye nezinyibilikisi zeekhemikhali ezisebenzayo. Oku kunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zokusebenza kwenkampani kwaye kunciphisa ukuvalwa okungacwangciswanga ukuze kutshintshwe.

03 Ukulwa nokwaluphala: Ukungonakali kwezinto ngokuhamba kwexesha

Ubomi beNkonzo buhlala ixesha elide kakhulu kwizixhobo ezisemgangathweni

Amandla okulwa nokwaluphala yindlela ecacileyo yokuvavanya ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kwezinto zobunjineli. Ngenxa yokungabikho kwezinto eziphilayo, izinto ze-basalt azikhuselekanga kwimitha ye-ultraviolet, ukuguquguquka okumanzi nokwomileyo, kunye nemozulu yendalo.

• Ukungakhuseleki ekuwohlokeni kwe-Ultraviolet: Idatha yovavanyo ibonisa ukuba emva kweminyaka eli-10 yokuvezwa kwendalo ngaphandle, ukuwohloka koomatshini kwe-basalt fiber akudluli kwi-10%, ngelixa imicu yeglasi eqhelekileyo idla ngokulahlekelwa ngaphezulu kwe-30% yamandla ayo phantsi kweemeko ezifanayo. Kumphezulu wenyanga, ogcwele imitha ye-UV enamandla, amandla esixhobo sokugcina umbala wayo ukhanya kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo simi njengobungqina obunamandla bokukwazi kwayo ukulwa nokwaluphala kwe-UV.
• Ukumelana nemozulu kunye nobungqina bobude bexesha lendalo: I-basalt yasePermian Emeishan eMzantsi-ntshona weTshayina inyamezele amashumi ezigidi zeminyaka yokuchatshazelwa lilanga, imozulu embi, kunye nemijikelo emanzi-yomileyo ngelixa igcina isakhiwo samatye esipheleleyo. Oku kubonisa ukuqina kwendalo okumangalisayo kwezinto ezisisiseko.

Iingenelo zoBunjineli obubonakalayo kunye nezoQoqosho:

• Iindlela eziPhambili zeZiseko zoPhuhliso: Ii-subbases ze-asphalt ezifakwe kwiifayibha ze-basalt zimelana notshintsho olukhulu lobushushu ukusuka kwi--30°C ukuya kwi-60°C ngaphandle kokuqhekeka. Oku kwandisa ubomi benkonzo yendlela ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwiminyaka esi-8. Ukuba yamkelwe kuzwelonke, inokunciphisa iindleko zonyaka zokugcinwa kwendlela nge-RMB engaphezulu kwe-20 yeebhiliyoni.
• Iibhulorho kunye namaqonga aselunxwemeni: Izinto ezisetyenziswa kwibhulorho ezenziwe ngee-basalt fiber composites zinokwandisa ubomi bazo bokusebenza ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-50 yesiqhelo ukuya kwiminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ngokufanayo, iqonga lokudada eliselwandle eliphuhliswe eSichuan kusetyenziswa ii-basalt fiber composites liqhayisa ngobomi boyilo obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-30. Lingasebenza ngokuzinzileyo phantsi kwee-super typhoons zeCandelo le-17 ngaphandle kokugcinwa okukhethekileyo ngexesha lalo, nto leyo ebonisa ukulwa nokwaluphala kunye nokusinda okugqithisileyo kokusingqongileyo.

Isiphelo: Ngokwemvelo i-Hardcore, ivula iMida emitsha kwiSicelo seShishini

Ubuhle bezinto ze-basalt abuveli kwisici esibalulekileyo esisodwa, kodwa buvela ekudibaneni okunamandla kwazo zonke iiparameter ezintathu: ukunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye neempawu zokulwa nokwaluphala. Oku kusebenza kuyo yonke indawo sisiphumo esithe ngqo semvelaphi yayo yendalo yentaba-mlilo kunye ne-crystalline matrix exineneyo, ephuculwe ngakumbi kukuqhubela phambili kokucubungula izinto zanamhlanje.

Ukususela kwiiflegi zesizwe enyangeni ukuya kwizinto ezakhiweyo kwiibhulorho nakwiindlela ezinkulu, ukuya kumaqonga olwandle olunzulu kunye nezixhobo zeekhemikhali ezilwa nokubola, izinto ze-basalt zihlala zithatha indawo yentsimbi yendabuko kunye neefayibha zokwenziwa. Ziye zavela njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqhuba utshintsho oluluhlaza kwezoshishino kunye nokoyisa imiqobo yobunjineli kwiindawo ezixineneyo.

Njengoko iteknoloji yokuzoba yehlabathi kunye neendlela zokuguqula izinto ezidityanisiweyo ziqhubeka ziphucuka, iindleko zemveliso ziya kuphucuka ngakumbi. Kwiminyaka ezayo, izixhobo ze-basalt zikulungele ukukhanya ngakumbi kumashishini achanekileyo naphambili, zibonelela ngemveliso yoluntu kunye neemfuno zendlela yokuphila ngenkxaso yokwakha ethembekileyo nehlala ixesha elide.