Iindaba

Njengoko izitishi zesiseko ze-5G zisiba xineneyo, ii-eriyali zefowuni eziphathwayo zininzi, kwaye iinethiwekhi zentambo ze-fiber optic zisanda, iimfuno zezinto zonxibelelwano ziyatshintsha ukusuka ekubeni "zaneleyo" ukuya "ezigqithisileyo": ukulahleka okuphantsi kwe-dielectric, ukhuselo oluphezulu lwe-electromagnetic, ulwakhiwo olukhaphukhaphu, kunye nokumelana nokwaluphala.
Ngenxa yeempawu ezifana ne-dielectric constant ephantsi, i-insulation yendalo, kunye nokumelana nemozulu enamandla, i-basalt fiber ifumana indawo yayo kwiindawo eziphambili ezifana nee-antenna zesiseko se-base station, amalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical, kunye nee-radomes. Endaweni yokususa izinto ezikhoyo, inika ibhalansi ephezulu yokusebenza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwizicelo ezikhawulezayo nezikhawulezayo.

Kutshanje, emva kweminyaka yoyisa imiqobo yobugcisa, iYunivesithi yaseWuhan Textile yaphumelela ukutsala i-basalt eqinileyo yaba yimicu ethambileyo kuneenwele zomntu yaza yaziluka kwi-"Basalt Dragon-Scale Suits" ekwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu angama-1300°C. Olu phuculo, oluye lwatsala ingqalelo yamashishini aphambili elaphu, alujongani nje kuphela nokusilela kokukhusela kweesuti zomlilo zemveli kodwa lukwafezekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu ngexabiso eliphantsi. Abameli abavela kwi-Wuhan Fire and Rescue Bureau batyelele iyunivesithi kutshanje ukuze banike uluhlu lwezi suti. Olu tshintsho lutsale umdla kungekuphela nje kumashishini asekuhlaleni aseHubei kodwa nakwiinkampani ezininzi eziphambili zelaphu kulo lonke ilizwe.

I-BFRP ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezinomthwalo ophakathi ukuya kophantsi kwii-UAV ezincinci kwaye inika ixabiso lokusetyenziswa ngokubhekiselele ekunciphiseni ubunzima, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokunciphisa ukufuma/ukungcangcazela; nangona kunjalo, kufuneka ithintelwe kwiindawo ezifuna ukuqina okuphezulu. Ukuba ukuqina akuyonto ibalulekileyo kodwa ixabiso liyiyo, i-BFRP inikezela ngexabiso elingcono kakhulu kune-CFRP.

Ukususela kwiiflegi zesizwe ze-basalt fiber ezivuleke kwicala elikude lenyanga ukuya kwizakhiwo eziphambili zamaqonga okufuya iintlanzi olwandle olunzulu, nakwiziseko ezingaphantsi kweendlela ezinkulu ezingaqhekekiyo, izixhobo ze-basalt ziye zabonakala kwiindawo ezixineneyo nakwiiprojekthi zobunjineli bemihla ngemihla ngenxa yokumelana kwazo nobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nokusebenza kwazo okuchasene nokwaluphala.

Le litye lendalo lentaba-mlilo, elenziwe kukupholisa nokuqina kwe-magma nzulu eMhlabeni, libonisa iimpawu 'eziqinileyo' emva kokucubungula ezidlula kakhulu izinto eziqhelekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, liye laba yinto ekhethwayo kwimveliso ephezulu, ubunjineli beziseko, kunye namacandelo eenqwelo-moya. Namhlanje, siza kuhlalutya amandla okusebenza kwezinto ze-basalt kwiinkalo ezintathu eziphambili ukuze siqonde kanye kanye ukuba yintoni eyenza ukuba yomelele kangaka.

Iibhulorho ezinqumla ulwandle, iziphelo zamanzi anzulu, iifama zomoya ezingaphandle kolwandle... Nangona ezi "ziinkunzi ezinkulu" ezakhiwe elwandle zintle ukuzibona, zinyamezela "intlungu ebuhlungu" yemihla ngemihla yokukhukuliseka kwamaza, ityuwa kunye nokubola kwe-alkali, kunye nemijikelo etshintshanayo emanzi neyomileyo. Kwimeko enjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinileyo zihlala zinjalo—zingenakwaphuka, ziqhekeke, okanye zingasebenzi kakuhle—kudala kube ngumngeni onzima kuluntu lobunjineli behlabathi.

Kangangexesha elide, imicu yentsimbi ibisoloko ifakwa kwikhonkrithi ukuze yomeleze ukuqina kwayo kwaye ithintele ukuqhekeka. Nangona kunjalo, imicu yentsimbi idla ngokungafaneleki kwiimeko ezinzima zokutshizwa ngetyuwa kunye namanzi olwandle; xa ii-ion ze-chloride zingena kwimingxuma engaphakathi kwikhonkrithi, imicu yentsimbi iyagqwala kwaye yande ngobuninzi, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ikhonkrithi iqhekeke ngaphakathi ize ikhawulezise ukuqhekeka kwesakhiwo.
Kutshanje, uphando olutsha lwezinto ezijoliswe ekuqineni okuphezulu kobunjineli bezolwandle lunikeze isisombululo esithembisayo kakhulu: iifayibha ze-basalt—eziveliswa ngokutsala imicu evela kwilitye lentaba-mlilo yendalo—zingasetyenziswa ukugquma ikhonkrithi yolwandle kumaleko “wezixhobo” ezingathintelwanga kukugqwala. Oku kufezekiswa ngemodeli yokulinganisa ubungakanani obuninzi equka indibaniselwano “yeefayibha ezinkulu zokubopha izakhiwo” kunye “neefayibha ezincinci zokuvala iimbobo.”

Njengoko iidrone zinqumla esibhakabhakeni ukuze zijonge imililo yasendle, kwaye iirobhothi ezikrelekrele zenza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokuchanekileyo kumgangatho wefektri, ukusebenza kakuhle kwesi sixhobo sikrelekrele kudla ngokuxhaswa "yinkxaso eqinileyo" engananzwa lula: izinto ezintsha ezithathwe kwilitye lentaba-mlilo—ifayibha yebasalt. Nangona ingabonakali kangako, iimpawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zenze ukuba ibe sisitshixo sokuvula imida yokusebenza kweedrone kunye neerobhothi, ziqhuba ngokuzolileyo utshintsho lwezinto ngaphakathi kwezixhobo ezikrelekrele.

Le nto intsha engaphiliyo, eveliswe ngokunyibilikisa ilitye le-basalt lendalo kumaqondo obushushu aqala kwi-1,450°C ukuya kwi-1,500°C, ize ilitsale libe yimicu, ineenzuzo ezininzi—kuquka amandla alula, ukumelana nemozulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kunye nobuhlobo nendalo—ezikhuthaza utshintsho olukhulu kwimizi-mveliso yeedrone kunye neerobhothi. Namhlanje, masityhile amandla ayo afihlakeleyo!

Ifayibha yeBasalt yinto engaphiliyo enemicu eveliswa ngokutsala imicu kwi-ore yendalo ye-basalt emva kokuba inyibilikisiwe kubushushu obuphezulu. Ifumene ingqalelo ebanzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezibalaseleyo ze-physicochemical-ingakumbi ukusebenza kwayo kwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu. Okuphawulekayo kukuba, ifayibha ye-basalt enganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu-udidi oluphambili lwale nto-ibonisa ixabiso elikhethekileyo kwizicelo ezininzi ezifuna ukuqina kubushushu obuphezulu.

Kutshanje, ngokuphunyezwa ngempumelelo kwezicelo eziphambili—ezifana nomsebenzi wokuhlola iChang'e-6 lunar kunye neqonga lokuqala lehlabathi le-basalt fiber aquaculture—i-basalt fiber ikhawulezisa ngokukhawuleza utshintsho lwayo ukusuka kwisiphumo sophando lwelabhoratri ukuya kwisixhobo esitsha esibonakalayo esinemveliso ebonakalayo yemizi-mveliso. Ineenzuzo ezidibeneyo zokuba nobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ingabi nakhabhoni ininzi, ilula, inamandla aphezulu, imelana nemozulu, kwaye ingenamhlwa, i-basalt fiber ngoku—ixhaswa yinkqubo ebanzi yokujonga umgangatho kunye nemigangatho—ifezekisa impumelelo kwizicelo ze-aerospace kunye norhwebo olubanzi kumacandelo aseburhulumenteni, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ngokuqhubekayo ukhuphiswano lweli shishini.

Kuluntu lweedrone, i-carbon fiber ibisoloko ithathwa njengomgangatho "wegolide elimnyama". Nangona kunjalo, ukuba udiniwe ziindleko ezinkulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesignali yeGPS, okanye iingalo zefreyimu eziqhekeka zibe luthuli xa zingqubana, ngoko "amandla elitye lentaba-mlilo" - iBasalt Fiber - atshintsha imithetho yomdlalo ngokuthe cwaka.
Ngokukodwa, ilaphu le-basalt fiber eliyi-200gsm twill alithathi nje indawo ye-carbon fiber; limele inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kweefreyimu zeedrone ezincinci ukuya kweziphakathi.

I-Basalt fiber yintambo eqhubekayo eveliswa kwi-basalt ore yendalo; i-ore inyibilika kubushushu obuphezulu ize itsalwe ngokukhawuleza nge-platinum-rhodium alloy bushing. Umbala wayo uhlala ubonakala njengombala wegolide-brown. I-Basalt ore ngokwayo lilitye eliqhelekileyo elenziwe emva kokuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo, kwaye ininzi kwiindawo ezigciniweyo kwaye isasazeke ngokubanzi kulo lonke uqweqwe loMhlaba. Ukuguqula eli litye liqhelekileyo libe yi-fiber esebenza kakhulu kubonisa ubuchule besayensi yezinto zanamhlanje.
Ngokuphathelele ukwakheka kweekhemikhali, i-basalt fiber iqulathe ikakhulu ii-oxides—ezifana ne-silicon dioxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide, kunye ne-magnesium oxide—kwaye ihlelwa njenge-silicate fiber. Inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ibonakaliswa bubuhlobo bayo nendalo. I-basalt ore ifudunyezwa ibe yimeko enyibilikisiweyo ngaphakathi kwee-oven ezishushu kakhulu; kuyo yonke le nkqubo, akukho zi-reagents zeekhemikhali ezongeziweyo, kwaye akukho zigesi zenkunkuma eziyingozi eziveliswayo, ngelixa i-slag ephumayo inokuphinda isetyenziswe kwaye isetyenziswe kwakhona. Xa kuthelekiswa nee-fibers ezithile zokwenziwa ezifuna iinkqubo zeekhemikhali ezintsonkothileyo ukuze zilungiswe, inkqubo yokuvelisa i-basalt fiber ilula kwaye itya amandla amancinci.
Iimpawu zokusebenza kwefayibha ye-basalt ziwela phakathi kwezo zefayibha yeglasi enamandla aphezulu kunye nefayibha yekhabhoni; idibanisa iipropati ezininzi eziphezulu, ngaloo ndlela ifumana ukusetyenziswa okusebenzayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo.