Kuva ku Buso bw'Izuba kugeza ku Nyanja Yimbitse: Isesengura ry'Imbaraga z'Ibikoresho bya Basalt mu Bice Bitatu

Kuva kuri fibre ya basaltAmabendera y'igihugu yazamuwe ku ruhande rwa kure rw'ukwezi agera ku nyubako z'ingenzi z'aho ubworozi bw'amafi bwo mu nyanja nini, no ku nkengero z'imihanda minini idapfa kwangirika, Ibyokurya bya BasaltIbikoresho bya terefone byagaragaye cyane haba mu bidukikije bikomeye ndetse no mu mishinga ya buri munsi y’ubuhanga bitewe n’ubushobozi bwabyo bwo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya ingese, ndetse no kurwanya gusaza.

Iki buye cy’ibirunga gikozwe bitewe no gukonja no gukomera kwa magma mu butaka, kigaragaza imiterere ikomeye nyuma yo gutunganywa kurusha kure ibikoresho bisanzwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, cyabaye ikindi gikoresho gikunzwe cyane mu nganda zigezweho, mu buhanga mu bikorwa remezo, no mu Ibyerekeye ikirere amashami. Uyu munsi, turasesengura imbaraga z'imikorere y'ibikoresho bya basalt mu ngero eshatu z'ingenzi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza icyabitera gukomera.

01 Ubudahangarwa bw'Ubushyuhe Bukabije: 'Umurwanyi Udashya' mu Ihindagurika Rikabije ry'Ubushyuhe

Guhangana n'ibipimo by'ubushyuhe n'ubukonje bukabije mu bihumbi by'ibizamini by'ingenzi

Ubudahangarwa bw’ibinyabutabire bya basalt ku bushyuhe bwinshi buturuka ku miterere yabyo karemano y’ibirunga. Kubera ko ari magma ikonje vuba ku buso bw’Isi, ifite ubushobozi bwo "kwigira ku ngirabuzimafatizo" bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije. Binyuze mu buryo bugezweho bwo gutunganya, fibre ya basalt ivamo yongera ubu bushyuhe burambye, ikaba imwe mu bikoresho bike bishobora gukora neza mu bushyuhe bukabije.

• Ingano y'ubushyuhe bw'imikorere bwagutse cyane: Ubushyuhe bw'igihe kirekire bwa fibre ya basalt buva kuri -269°C kugeza kuri 700°C, aho umupaka uhita ugera kuri 1200°C. Mu bidukikije bihora bihura na dogere selisiyusi 500-600, nko mu nkuta z'imbere mu itanura ry'inganda n'imiyoboro ya gaze ishyushye cyane, itanga serivisi ihamye mu gihe kirekire idakonjesha, idahindura imiterere cyangwa ngo ihinduke.
• Umutekano ukabije w'inkongi y'umuriro: Mu bihe by’inkongi y’umuriro, amashuka yometseho imigozi ya basalt ashobora gukumira ikwirakwira ry’umuriro wa dogere selisiyusi 1200. Icy’ingenzi ni uko nta gaze kangiza kavamo mu gihe cyo gutwika, bigatuma amadirishya yo guhungiramo akoreshwa n’abakozi n’imitungo yabo ashyirwa mu bikorwa.
• Nta gucika intege ku bushyuhe buri hasi cyane: Mu kirere gifite ubushyuhe bukabije bwa -269°C, imiterere yacyo nta kugabanuka cyane, birinda ibibazo nko kwangirika cyangwa kuvunika. Ibendera ry'igihugu rya basalt fibre ryari ritwawe na Chang'e-6 ryakomeje kuzenguruka ubushyuhe bwinshi no hasi mu gihe cy'ukwezi kwaryo no mu gihe cyo kugwa kwaryo, nyamara ryagumye rigororotse kandi ridafite ishusho nziza.

Ugereranije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa basalt buragaragara cyane: icyuma gisanzwe gitakaza burundu imbaraga zacyo z'imiterere hejuru ya 600°C, kandi fibre y'ibirahure itangira koroha hafi 200°C. Mu buryo bunyuranye, ibikoresho bya basalt Bigumana hejuru ya 80% by'imikorere yabyo ya mekanike ku bushyuhe bukabije bwa 700°C, bigatuma biba umurinzi wizewe cyane mu gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi.

02 Ubudahangarwa ku Gutumuka: 'Ntabwo Bishobora Kwibasirwa' Hagati y'Aside, Alkali, n'Umunyu Uterwa

Gukomeza kuba mu buryo buhamye nubwo byamaze igihe kirekire byinjira mu mazi

Ibice by'ingenzi bya shimi bigize ibikoresho bya basalt birimo SiO2, Al2O3, CaO, n'izindi ogiside, bikora imiterere y'ubutare bunini cyane. Ubu buryo karemano bukingira ibintu isuri hakoreshejwe aside zitandukanye, alkali, spray y'umunyu, n'imiti ivangavanga, bikirinda burundu ingese, ingese, n'ibibazo byo kwangirika kw'ibyuma na sima.

• Kubika aside n'Alkali mu buryo budasanzwe: Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko nyuma yo gukora ingendo 40 zumutse mu buryo butandukanye bwa aside kuva kuri pH 2 kugeza kuri 11, ibikoresho bya basalt bigumana igipimo cyo kugumana imbaraga kirenga 90%. Iyi mikorere iruta cyane imigozi gakondo y'ibirahure, itakaza imbaraga 30% mu duce duto twa pH 4-9.
• Uburyo bwo "Gutunganya Ibintu mu Mazi" mu Buhanga bwo mu Biyaga: Mu bidukikije byo mu mazi aho inyubako zisanzwe z'icyuma zirimo umunyu mwinshi n'ingese—bisaba gukuraho ingese kenshi kandi bihenze—imiterere y'ibice by'umunyu bya basalt igumana igipimo cya 95% cyo kugumana imbaraga nyuma y'ikizamini cyo gutera umunyu amasaha 1000, bidasaba ko hagira ubwubatsi bukomeza gukoreshwa.

Byongeye kandi, mu bice aho ibice bitwikiriwe mu buryo bukabije mu gihe cy'imyaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo—nk'imiyoboro y'amazi yanduye cyangwa imiyoboro y'ibikoresho bya chemical reactor—ibikoresho bya basalt bigaragaza ubushobozi budasanzwe mu guhangana n'amazi y'umunyu, imyanda yanduye, n'ibintu bishongesha imiti. Ibi bigabanya cyane amafaranga y'ibikorwa by'ikigo kandi bigabanya ifungwa ry'ibikorwa ritari ryateganijwe ryo gusimbuza.

03 Kurwanya gusaza: Ntibyangiritse bitewe n'ibintu uko igihe kigenda gihita

Ubuzima bwa serivisi buramba cyane kurusha ibikoresho bisanzwe

Ubushobozi bwo kurwanya gusaza ni igipimo ntakuka cyo gusuzuma uburyo ibikoresho by’ubuhanga byizewe mu gihe kirekire. Kubera ko nta bice by’ingenzi bigize ibinyabuzima bihari, ibikoresho bya basalt birinda imirasire ya ultraviolet, ihindagurika ry’amazi n’imvura, ndetse n’ikirere gisanzwe.

• Ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri buterwa no kwangirika kw'imirasire y'urumuri: Amakuru y’igerageza agaragaza ko nyuma y’imyaka 10 yo kwigaragaza mu buryo busanzwe hanze, kwangirika kwa mashini kwa basalt fibre kutarenga 10%, mu gihe imigozi isanzwe y’ibirahure ikunze gutakaza imbaraga zirenga 30% mu bihe bimwe. Ku buso bw’ukwezi, burimo imirasire ikomeye ya UV, ubushobozi bw’icyo gikoresho bwo kugumana ibara ryacyo n’imiterere yacyo ni igihamya gikomeye cy’ubushobozi bwacyo budasanzwe bwo kurwanya gusaza kwa UV.
• Ubudahangarwa bw'ikirere n'ikimenyetso cy'ubuzima karemano: Umusenyi wa Permian Emeishan mu majyepfo y'uburengerazuba bw'u Bushinwa umaze imyaka miliyoni nyinshi uhura n'izuba, uhura n'imvura nyinshi, ndetse n'ibihe byumye mu gihe ukomeza kubumbatira imiterere y'amabuye. Ibi bigaragaza ko ibikoresho by'ibanze biramba cyane.

Inyungu z'Ubwubatsi n'Ubukungu:

• Imihanda y'ibikorwa remezo: Ibice by'ubutaka bya asphalt bivanze n'imigozi ya basalt bihangana n'impinduka zikomeye z'ubushyuhe kuva kuri -30°C kugeza kuri 60°C bitamenetse. Ibi byongera igihe cyo gukora imihanda kuva ku myaka 5 kugeza ku myaka 8. Biramutse byemejwe mu gihugu hose, bishobora kugabanya amafaranga akoreshwa mu gusana imihanda ku kigero cya miliyari 20 z'amadolari ya Amerika buri mwaka.
• Ibiraro n'ahantu ho kunyura mu nyanja: Ibice by'ibiraro byakozwe mu byuma bivanze bya basalt bishobora kongera igihe cyo gukora kuva ku myaka 50 isanzwe kugeza ku kirenga ikinyejana. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, urubuga rwo korora amazi mu mazi rwimbitse rwakozwe muri Sichuan rukoresheje ibikoresho bivanze bya basalt rufite igihe cyo gukora kirenga imyaka 30. Rushobora gukora neza mu gihe cy'inkubi z'umuyaga zo mu cyiciro cya 17 nta buryo bwihariye bwo kubungabunga mu gihe cyarwo, bigaragaza ko rurwanya gusaza kandi ko rudashobora kubaho nabi cyane mu bidukikije.

Umwanzuro: Ifite imiterere ikomeye, ifungura imbibi nshya mu ikoreshwa ry'inganda

Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho bya basalt ntibuturuka ku kintu kimwe kigaragara, ahubwo buturuka ku guhuza gukomeye kw'ibipimo bitatu: kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya ingese, no kurwanya gusaza. Iyi mikorere yose ni ingaruka zitaziguye z'inkomoko yayo karemano y'ibirunga n'imiterere yayo ikomeye ya kristale, birushaho kwiyongera bitewe n'iterambere rigezweho mu gutunganya.

Kuva ku mabendera y’igihugu ku kwezi kugeza ku bice by’imiterere mu biraro no mu mihanda minini, kugeza ku mbuga zo mu nyanja nini n’ibikoresho bya shimi birwanya kwangirika, ibikoresho bya basalt bigenda bisimbura ibyuma gakondo n’imigozi ya sintetike. Byagaragaye nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu guteza imbere impinduka mu nganda zihumanya ibidukikije no gutsinda imbogamizi mu buhanga mu bidukikije bikomeye.

Uko ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya ku isi n'uburyo bwo guhindura ibintu bivanze bikomeza gutera imbere, ikiguzi cyo gukora kizakomeza kwiyongera. Mu myaka iri imbere, ibikoresho bya basalt byiteguye kugaragara cyane mu nganda zikora neza kandi zigezweho, bigatanga umusaruro n'ubuzima bw'abantu hamwe n'inkunga yizewe kandi irambye mu by'ubwubatsi.