Qhov Zoo ntawm Basalt Fiber
Lub tswv yim ntawm kev tsim cov fibers los ntawm basalt tsis yog ib yam tshiab. Daim ntawv pov thawj thawj zaug rau kev tsim cov fiber basalt tau muab tawm xyoo 1923, thiab thaum xyoo 1950 thiab 1960, kev tshawb fawb dav dav tau tsom mus rau nws cov ntawv thov tub rog. Txawm tias ua tus thawj coj Iav Fiber cov neeg tsim khoom tau tshawb nrhiav lub peev xwm ntawm basalt thaum lub sijhawm ntawd, txawm hais tias lawv tau hloov lawv qhov kev tsom mus rau R & D hauv xyoo 1970 mus rau cov iav fibers ua tau zoo dua xws li S-2. Tau ntau xyoo, kev txaus siab rau cov khoom sib xyaw basalt fiber tau hloov pauv, tab sis nyob rau xyoo tas los no, nws tau nce siab tas li.
Vim tias basalt pib los ntawm cov lava nplua nuj magnesium thiab hlau uas txias sai sai rau hauv pob zeb, nws tsis yog qhov xav tsis thoob tias cov fibers basalt muaj kev rwb thaiv tsev zoo heev, tiv taus hluav taws, thiab ruaj khov kub. Cov yam ntxwv no ua rau lawv yog cov khoom siv txheem rau kev rwb thaiv tsev kub. Piv txwv li, tus tsim khoom fiber basalt Lavxias Kamenny Vek muab cov khoom lag luam tsheb hauv Asmeskas rau kev rwb thaiv tsev thiab muab cov khoom siv tiv taus kub rau kev siv hauv kev lag luam.
Tshaj li qhov ua tau zoo thermal, basalt fiberkev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm lub zog, kev nruj, kev cuam tshuam, thiab Tshuaj lom neeg qhov tsis muaj zog ua rau nws yog qhov txhawb nqa zoo rau cov khoom sib xyaw. Hauv cov ntawv thov fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), nws cov txheej txheem molding zoo ib yam li cov iav fiber. Yuav luag txhua txoj kev molding iav fiber tuaj yeem hloov kho rau basalt fiber nrog kev hloov kho me me rau cov kev ntsuas tseem ceeb. Basalt fiber kuj tseem sib xws nrog txhua tus qauv resin systems.
Txawm hais tias qhov ceev ntawm basalt (2.63 g/cm³) siab dua li iav fiber me ntsis, nws cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm kev ua tau zoo ua rau cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke sib dua thiab yooj ywm dua.
Cov khoom siv thermal ntawm basalt fiber tau txais kev saib xyuas ntau dua li kev rwb thaiv tsev. Nws cov khoom sib xyaw tau siv ntau dua hauv cov ntawv thov uas xav tau qhov kub thiab txias dav dua. Nws qhov kev tiv thaiv kev cuam tshuam kuj ua tau zoo dua li cov iav thiab cov carbon fiber. Kev tshawb fawb ua ntej los ntawm Lub Tebchaws Yelemees Integrative Lightweight Construction Center thiab Textile Technology Institute ntawm RWTH Aachen University tau qhia tias basalt hybrid yarn fabric (HYWF)-reinforced polyamide 6 nqus tau 35% ntau dua lub zog tshwj xeeb dua li iav fiber HYWF thiab 17% ntau dua li carbon fiber HYWF.
Cov hlau thiab txhuas oxides hauv basalt pab txhawb rau lwm qhov zoo. Piv txwv li, basalt fiber ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv corrosion zoo dua thiab hluav taws kub dua li E-iav. Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Ireland's Mafic thiab Canada's Fraunhofer Project Center tau lees paub tias basalt fiber/epoxy test panels tau ua tiav 40% siab dua tensile modulus, tensile strength, thiab interlaminar shear strength, nrog rau 20% ntau dua qhov specific stiffness, piv rau E-iav/epoxy panels ua nrog tib cov resin thiab cov txheej txheem. Kamenny Vek tau tshaj tawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo sib xws.
Cov fiber basaltQhov kev nqus dej tsawg yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim kho thiab cov kav dej. Nws tsis yog conductive thiab, ua ib yam khoom siv uas tshwm sim ntuj, yooj yim dua rau kev rov ua dua li cov fibers hluavtaws - qhov kev txiav txim siab tseem ceeb rau kev lag luam tsheb thiab lwm yam lag luam. Gencarelle piav qhia txog basalt fiber ua "leaner, greener, thiab tougher" dua li lwm txoj hauv kev, tso nws cov composites ua tus choj ua tus nqi-kev ua tau zoo ntawm E-iav thiab carbon fiber. Raws li Thompson sau tseg, "Peb tab tom sau qhov sib txawv ntawm carbon thiab iav fibers - kev ua lag luam ntev rau qhov kev daws teeb meem zoo li no."
Kev hloov ntawm carbon mus rau basalt fiber yog qhov yooj yim dua li hloov ntawm E-iav, txawm hais tias ob qho tib si ua tau. Rau cov neeg siv carbon fiber, kev txuag nqi tsav qhov kev hloov pauv, thaum basalt qhov sib npaug ntawm kev ua tau zoo-rau-tus nqi sib npaug haum rau cov ntawv thov uas carbon qhov kev ua tau zoo heev tsis tsim nyog. Lawv cov hom kev ua tsis tiav kuj txawv: carbon fiber feem ntau ua tsis tiav (piv txwv li, tawg), thaum basalt fiber qhia txog kev ua tsis tiav maj mam, muaj kev nyab xeeb dua. Streetman piv txwv li: "Ib ceg prosthetic carbon composite ua tsis tiav tam sim ntawd, ua rau poob; ib ceg composite basalt tso cai rau tus neeg siv zaum."
Txawm hais tias kev txhim kho kev tsim khoom txo cov nqi, cov fiber basalt tseem kim ob npaug li E-iav hauv cov ntawv thov ntau. Txhawm rau ua pov thawj qhov zoo tshaj plaws, nws cov khoom zoo dua - kev tawv dua, lub zog, kev cuam tshuam, kev tiv thaiv tshuaj / dej, thiab cov qauv kev ua tsis tiav zoo dua - yuav tsum xa cov nqi tseem ceeb. Raws li thev naus laus zis nce qib, cov pob zeb volcanic no tab tom txiav ib qho tshwj xeeb hauv ntiaj teb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv siab heev.
