Ukuheha kwe-Basalt Fiber
Umqondo wokukhiqiza imicu kusuka ku-basalt awumusha. I-patent yokuqala yokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber yakhishwa ngo-1923, futhi phakathi neminyaka yawo-1950 no-1960, ucwaningo olubanzi lwalugxile ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezempi. Ngisho nokuhola I-Glass Fiber abakhiqizi bahlola amandla e-basalt ngaleso sikhathi, nakuba bashintsha ukugxila kwabo kwe-R&D ngeminyaka yawo-1970s baya emiculweni yengilazi esebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-S-2. Emashumini eminyaka adlule, intshisekelo yezinhlanganisela ze-basalt fiber iye yashintshashintsha, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, iye yanda kancane kancane.
Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi i-basalt isuka kudaka lwe-magnesium nensimbi olucebe ngensimbi oluphole ngokushesha edwaleni, akumangazi ukuthi imicu ye-basalt ibonisa ukufakwa okushisayo okukhethekile, ukumelana nomlilo, nokuzinza kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Lezi zakhiwo zizenza zibe izinto ezijwayelekile zokufakwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu. Isibonelo, umkhiqizi wefayibha ye-basalt yaseRussia uKamenny Vek uhlinzeka imboni yezimoto yase-US ngemikhiqizo yokufakwa kwe-exhaust system futhi uhlinzeka ngezinto ezimelana nokushisa ezisetshenziswa ezimbonini.
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-thermal, i-basalt fiberinhlanganisela yamandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nomthelela, kanye Amakhemikhali ukungabi nalutho kukwenza kube ukuqiniswa okukhangayo kwezinhlanganisela. Kuzicelo zepulasitiki eziqiniswe nge-fiber (FRP), izinqubo zayo zokubumba zifana nalezo ze-glass fiber. Cishe noma iyiphi indlela yokubumba i-fiber yengilazi ingalungiselelwa i-basalt fiber ngokulungiswa okuncane kumapharamitha abalulekile. I-Basalt fiber iphinde ihambisane nazo zonke izinhlelo ezijwayelekile ze-resin.
Nakuba ukuminyana kwe-basalt (2.63 g/cm³) kuphakeme kancane kunefayibha yengilazi, izinzuzo zayo zokusebenza zinika amandla izinhlanganisela ezilula nezivumelana nezimo.
Izici ezishisayo ze-basalt fibre zithola ukunakwa ngale kokufakwa ngaphakathi. Izinhlanganisela zayo ziya ngokuya zisetshenziswa ezinhlelweni ezidinga amazinga okushisa abanzi. Ukumelana kwayo komthelela nakho kudlula ingilazi ne-carbon fibers. Ucwaningo lokuqala olwenziwe yi-Integrative Lightweight Construction Center yaseJalimane kanye ne-Textile Technology Institute e-RWTH Aachen University lubonise ukuthi indwangu ye-basalt hybrid yentambo (HYWF) -i-polyamide 6 eqinisiwe imunca amandla akhethekile angu-35% kune-glass fiber HYWF kanye no-17% ngaphezu kwe-carbon fibre HYWF.
I-iron ne-aluminium oxides ku-basalt zifaka isandla enzuzweni eyengeziwe. Isibonelo, i-basalt fiber ikhombisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kanye nokuncipha komlilo kune-E-glass. Ucwaningo olwenziwa yi-Ireland's Mafic and Canada's Fraunhofer Project Centre luqinisekise ukuthi amaphaneli okuhlola e-basalt fiber/epoxy azuze imodulus eqinile engu-40% ephakeme, amandla aqinile, namandla okusheya e-interlaminar, kanye nokuqina okukhulu okuqondile okungama-20%, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli e-E-glass/epoxy enziwe nge-resin efanayo nenqubo. U-Kamenny Vek ubike imiphumela efanayo.
I-basalt fiberUkumuncwa kwamanzi amancane kubalulekile ekwakheni nasekufakeni amapayipi. Ayina-conductive futhi, njengento eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kulula ukuyigaya kabusha kunemicu yokwenziwa—okucatshangelwa okubalulekile ezimbonini zezimoto nezinye. I-Gencarelle ichaza i-basalt fiber ngokuthi “incane, iluhlaza, futhi iqinile” kunezinye izindlela, ibeka izinhlanganisela zayo njengebhuloho elisebenza ngezindleko phakathi kwe-E-glass ne-carbon fiber. Njengoba uThompson ephawula, "Sivala igebe phakathi kwe-carbon nengilazi fibers-imakethe eside ilangazelela isisombululo esinjalo."
Ukushintsha usuka ku-carbon uye ku-basalt fiber kubikwa ukuthi kulula kunokusuka ku-E-glass, nakuba kokubili kungenzeka. Kubasebenzisi be-carbon fibre, ukonga izindleko kuqhuba ushintsho, kuyilapho isilinganiso se-basalt sokusebenza-kuya-intengo sifanelana nezinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukusebenza okuphezulu kwe-carbon kungadingeki. Izindlela zabo zokwehluleka nazo ziyahluka: i-carbon fiber ivamise ukwehluleka ngendlela eyinhlekelele (isb, ukuphuka), kanti i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukwehluleka kancane kancane, nokuphephile. U-Streetman uyabonisa: “Umlenze wokufakelwa oyinhlanganisela ye-carbon uhluleka kungazelelwe, ubangele ukuwa; umlenze oyinhlanganisela ye-basalt uvumela owusebenzisayo ukuba ahlale phansi.”
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kunciphisa izindleko, i-basalt fiber ihlala ibiza kabili njenge-E-glass ekusetshenzisweni kwevolumu ephezulu. Ukuze kuthethelelwe i-premium, izici zayo eziphakeme—ukuqina okuphezulu, amandla, ukumelana nomthelela, ukumelana namakhemikhali/amanzi, nezindlela zokwehluleka eziphephe kakhudlwana—kumele zilethe inani elibalulekile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, leli dwala lentaba-mlilo liqopha i-niche eyingqayizivele emhlabeni wezinto ezithuthukisiwe.
