Ukukhanga kwe-Basalt Fiber
Umqondo wokukhiqiza imicu evela ku-basalt awumusha. Ilungelo lobunikazi lokuqala lokukhiqiza imicu ye-basalt lakhishwa ngo-1923, futhi phakathi nawo-1950 no-1960, ucwaningo olubanzi lwagxila ekusetshenzisweni kwayo kwezempi. Ngisho nokuhola phambili. I-Glass Fiber abakhiqizi bahlola amandla e-basalt ngaleso sikhathi, yize bashintshe ukugxila kwabo kwe-R&D ngawo-1970 baya kuma-fiber engilazi asebenza kahle kakhulu njenge-S-2. Emashumini eminyaka edlule, intshisekelo kuma-composites e-basalt fiber iye yashintshashintsha, kodwa eminyakeni yamuva nje, iye yanda kancane kancane.
Njengoba i-basalt ivela odakeni olucebile nge-magnesium ne-iron olupholiswe ngokushesha edwaleni, akumangazi ukuthi imicu ye-basalt ibonisa ukuvikela ukushisa okumangalisayo, ukumelana nomlilo, kanye nokuqina kokushisa okuphezulu. Lezi zakhiwo ziyenza ibe yinto ejwayelekile yokuvikela ukushisa okuphezulu. Isibonelo, umkhiqizi we-basalt fiber waseRussia uKamenny Vek unikeza imboni yezimoto yase-US imikhiqizo yokuvikela uhlelo lokukhipha ugesi futhi unikeza izinto ezingamelani nokushisa kwezicelo zezimboni.
Ngale kokusebenza kokushisa, i-basalt fiberinhlanganisela yamandla, ukuqina, ukumelana nokushaya, kanye Amakhemikhali Ukungangeni kahle kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo yokuqinisa izinto ezihlanganisiwe. Ezisetshenzisweni zepulasitiki eziqiniswe ngefayibha (i-FRP), izinqubo zayo zokubumba zifana nezefayibha yengilazi. Cishe noma iyiphi indlela yokubumba ifayibha yengilazi ingashintshwa ukuze isetshenziswe kufayibha ye-basalt ngokulungiswa okuncane kumapharamitha abalulekile. Ifayibha ye-basalt nayo iyahambisana nazo zonke izinhlelo ze-resin ezijwayelekile.
Nakuba ubukhulu be-basalt (2.63 g/cm³) buphakeme kancane kune-fiber yengilazi, izinzuzo zayo zokusebenza zivumela izinhlanganisela ezilula neziguquguqukayo kakhulu.
Izakhiwo zokushisa ze-basalt fiber zithola ukunakwa ngale kokushisa. Izinhlanganisela zayo zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezicelweni ezidinga amazinga okushisa abanzi. Ukumelana kwayo nomthelela nakho kudlula imicu yengilazi neyekhabhoni. Izifundo zokuqala ezenziwe yi-Integrative Lightweight Construction Center yaseJalimane kanye ne-Textile Technology Institute e-RWTH Aachen University zikhombisile ukuthi i-polyamide 6 eqiniswe yi-basalt hybrid yarn fabric (HYWF) imunca amandla athile angu-35% kune-glass fiber HYWF kanye ne-carbon fiber HYWF engu-17% ngaphezu kwe-carbon fiber HYWF.
Ama-oxide ensimbi ne-aluminium ku-basalt anikela ngezinzuzo ezengeziwe. Isibonelo, i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kanye nokuvimbela umlilo kune-E-glass. Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-Mafic yase-Ireland kanye ne-Fraunhofer Project Center yaseCanada luqinisekisile ukuthi amaphaneli okuhlola i-basalt fiber/epoxy athole i-tensile modulus ephezulu ngo-40%, amandla okudonsa, kanye namandla okugunda phakathi kwe-laminar, kanye nokuqina okuqondile okungu-20% okukhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa namaphaneli e-E-glass/epoxy enziwe nge-resin efanayo kanye nenqubo. UKamenny Vek ubike imiphumela efanayo.
I-Basalt fiberUkumuncwa kwamanzi aphansi kubalulekile ekwakheni nasekusetshenzisweni kwamapayipi. Akuhambisi ugesi futhi, njengento eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kulula ukuyiphinda usebenzise kunemicu yokwenziwa—okuyinto ebalulekile ecatshangelwayo ezimotweni nakwezinye izimboni. I-Gencarelle ichaza i-basalt fiber “njengethambile, eluhlaza, futhi eqinile” kunezinye izindlela, ibeka izinhlanganisela zayo njengebhuloho elisebenza kahle phakathi kwe-E-glass ne-carbon fiber. Njengoba uThompson ephawula, “Sigcwalisa igebe phakathi kwemicu ye-carbon ne-glass—imakethe ebilokhu ilangazelela ikhambi elinjalo.”
Kubikwa ukuthi ukushintsha kusuka ku-carbon kuya ku-basalt fiber kulula kunokushintsha kusuka ku-E-glass, yize kokubili kungenzeka. Kubasebenzisi be-carbon fiber, ukonga izindleko kuqhuba ushintsho, kuyilapho isilinganiso esilinganiselayo sokusebenza kwe-basalt kuya entengo sifanelana nezicelo lapho ukusebenza kwe-carbon okuphezulu kakhulu kungadingeki. Izindlela zabo zokuhluleka nazo ziyahlukahluka: i-carbon fiber ivame ukwehluleka ngendlela eyingozi (isb., ukuphahlazeka), kanti i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukwehluleka kancane kancane nokuphephile. UStreetman uyachaza: “Umlenze wokufakelwa we-carbon composite crash fail ngokuzumayo, okubangela ukuwa; umlenze we-basalt composite uvumela umsebenzisi ukuthi ahlale phansi.”
Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqiza kunciphisa izindleko, i-basalt fiber isalokhu ibiza kabili kune-E-glass ekusetshenzisweni okuphezulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe i-premium, izakhiwo zayo eziphakeme—ukuqina okuphezulu, amandla, ukumelana nokushayisana, ukumelana namakhemikhali/amanzi, kanye nezindlela zokwehluleka eziphephile—kumele zilethe inani elibalulekile. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, leli dwala lentaba-mlilo lidala indawo ehlukile emhlabeni wezinto ezithuthukisiwe.
