Kukopa kwa Basalt Fiber

Lingaliro la kupanga ulusi kuchokera ku basalt si lachilendo. Patent yoyamba yopanga ulusi wa basalt idaperekedwa mu 1923, ndipo m'ma 1950 ndi 1960s, kafukufuku wambiri adayang'ana ntchito zake zankhondo. Ngakhale kutsogolera Glass Fiber Opanga adafufuza kuthekera kwa basalt panthawiyo, ngakhale adasintha malingaliro awo a R&D m'ma 1970 kupita ku ulusi wamagalasi owoneka bwino kwambiri ngati S-2. Kwa zaka zambiri, chidwi cha masalt fiber composites chasintha, koma m'zaka zaposachedwa, chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

Popeza basalt imachokera ku chiphalaphala cholemera cha magnesium ndi chitsulo chomwe chimakhazikika mwachangu kukhala mwala, sizodabwitsa kuti ulusi wa basalt umawonetsa kutenthetsa kwapadera, kukana moto, komanso kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chinthu chokhazikika cha kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga zingwe za basalt ku Russia, Kamenny Vek, amapereka makampani amagalimoto aku US zinthu zotsekereza makina otulutsa mpweya ndipo amapereka zida zosagwira kutentha kwa mafakitale.

Kuwonjezera pa ntchito ya thermal, basalt fiberKuphatikiza kwa mphamvu, kuuma, kukana kukhudzidwa, ndi Chemical Kupanda kutero kumapangitsa kukhala kolimbikitsa kokongola kwa kompositi. M'mapulasitiki opangidwa ndi fiber-reinforced (FRP), njira zake zomangira zimafanana ndi zagalasi. Pafupifupi njira iliyonse yopangira magalasi imatha kusinthidwa kuti ikhale ya basalt fiber ndikusintha pang'ono pazigawo zazikulu. Basalt fiber imagwirizananso ndi machitidwe onse a utomoni.

Ngakhale kachulukidwe ka basalt (2.63 g/cm³) ndikokwera pang'ono kuposa ulusi wagalasi, ubwino wake umathandiza kupanga zinthu zopepuka komanso zosinthika.

Matenthedwe a basalt fiber akukula kwambiri kuposa kutsekereza. Zophatikizika zake zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira m'mapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kutentha kwakukulu. Kukana kwake kumaposanso magalasi ndi ma carbon fibers. Maphunziro oyambirira a Germany Integrative Lightweight Construction Center ndi Textile Technology Institute ku RWTH Aachen University anasonyeza kuti basalt hybrid ulusi nsalu (HYWF) -kulimbitsa polyamide 6 zimatenga 35% mphamvu yeniyeni kuposa galasi CHIKWANGWANI HYWF ndi 17% kuposa mpweya CHIKWANGWANI HYWF.

Iron ndi aluminiyamu oxides mu basalt amathandizira pazabwino zina. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa basalt umawonetsa kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kuchedwa kwamoto kuposa magalasi a E. Kafukufuku wa Mafic waku Ireland ndi Fraunhofer Project Center waku Canada adatsimikiza kuti mapanelo oyesa a basalt fiber / epoxy adakwanitsa 40% apamwamba kumakoka modulus, kulimba kwamphamvu, ndi kumeta ubweya wa interlaminar, limodzi ndi 20% kuuma kwapadera kwapadera, poyerekeza ndi mapanelo a E-glass/epoxy opangidwa ndi utomoni womwewo ndi ndondomeko. Kamenny Vek adanenanso zotsatira zofanana.

Basalt fiberMayamwidwe otsika amadzi ndi ofunikira pakumanga ndi mapaipi. Ndizosayendetsa ndipo, monga zinthu zongochitika mwachilengedwe, ndizosavuta kuzibwezeretsanso kuposa ulusi wopangira - chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamagalimoto ndi mafakitale ena. Gencarelle amafotokoza ulusi wa basalt ngati "woonda, wobiriwira, komanso wolimba" kuposa njira zina, ndikuyika zida zake ngati mlatho wamtengo wapatali pakati pa E-glass ndi carbon fiber. Monga Thompson akunenera, "Tikudzaza kusiyana pakati pa carbon ndi galasi fibers-msika wofunitsitsa yankho lotere."

Kusintha kuchokera ku carbon kupita ku basalt fiber akuti ndikosavuta kusiyana ndi kusintha kuchokera ku E-glass, ngakhale zonsezi ndi zotheka. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wa carbon, kupulumutsa mtengo kumayendetsa kusintha, pamene chiŵerengero cha ntchito cha basalt ndi mtengo chimagwirizana ndi ntchito zomwe mpweya wa carbon umakhala wosafunikira. Mitundu yawo yolephera imasiyananso: mpweya wa carbon umakonda kulephera kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kusweka), pamene ulusi wa basalt umasonyeza kulephera pang'onopang'ono, motetezeka. Streetman akuchitira fanizo kuti: “Mwendo wopangidwa ndi mpweya wopangidwa ndi kaboni umalephera mwadzidzidzi, kugwa; mwendo wopangidwa ndi basalt umalola wougwiritsa kukhala pansi.

Ngakhale kusintha kwa kupanga kukuchepetsa mtengo, ulusi wa basalt umakhalabe wokwera kawiri kuposa E-galasi pamapulogalamu apamwamba kwambiri. Kuti mutsimikizire mtengowo, mawonekedwe ake apamwamba - kuuma kwakukulu, mphamvu, kukana kukhudzidwa, kukana kwa mankhwala / madzi, ndi njira zolephereka bwino - ziyenera kupereka mtengo wofunikira. Pamene luso lamakono likupita patsogolo, thanthwe lophulika ili likujambula kagawo kakang'ono padziko lonse la zipangizo zamakono.