Kukongola kwa Ulusi wa Basalt

Lingaliro lopanga ulusi kuchokera ku basalt si latsopano. Patent yoyamba yopanga ulusi wa basalt idaperekedwa mu 1923, ndipo m'zaka za m'ma 1950 ndi 1960, kafukufuku wambiri adayang'ana kwambiri ntchito zake zankhondo. Ngakhale mtsogoleri wamkulu. Ulusi wa Galasi Opanga zinthu anafufuza kuthekera kwa basalt panthawiyo, ngakhale kuti anasintha chidwi chawo pa kafukufuku ndi chitukuko m'zaka za m'ma 1970 kupita ku ulusi wagalasi wochita bwino kwambiri monga S-2. Kwa zaka makumi ambiri, chidwi cha zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa basalt chasinthasintha, koma m'zaka zaposachedwapa, chawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono.

Popeza basalt imachokera ku chiphalaphala cholemera cha magnesium ndi chitsulo chomwe chimazizira mofulumira kupita ku miyala, sizodabwitsa kuti ulusi wa basalt umawonetsa kutentha kwabwino kwambiri, kukana moto, komanso kukhazikika kutentha kwambiri. Zinthu zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zinthu zodziwika bwino zotetezera kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, wopanga ulusi wa basalt waku Russia, Kamenny Vek, amapereka zinthu zotetezera utsi wa m'mafakitale aku US komanso amapereka zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale.

Kupitilira pa kutentha, ulusi wa basaltkuphatikiza kwa mphamvu, kuuma, kukana kugunda, ndi Mankhwala Kusagwira ntchito bwino kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola kwambiri pa zinthu zopangidwa ndi ulusi (composites). Mu ntchito za pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi (FRP), njira zake zopangira ulusi zimafanana ndi za ulusi wagalasi. Pafupifupi njira iliyonse yopangira ulusi wagalasi ikhoza kusinthidwa kuti ikhale ndi ulusi wa basalt ndi kusintha pang'ono ku magawo ofunikira. Ulusi wa basalt umagwirizananso ndi machitidwe onse a utomoni wamba.

Ngakhale kuti kuchuluka kwa basalt (2.63 g/cm³) kuli kokwera pang'ono kuposa ulusi wagalasi, ubwino wake wogwirira ntchito umathandiza kuti zinthu zophatikizika zikhale zopepuka komanso zosinthasintha kapangidwe kake.

Mphamvu ya kutentha ya ulusi wa basalt ikuyamba kutchuka kuposa kutenthetsa. Zosakaniza zake zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zinthu zomwe zimafuna kutentha kwakukulu. Kukana kwake kukhudzidwa kumaposa ulusi wagalasi ndi kaboni. Kafukufuku woyambirira wa Integrative Lightweight Construction Center ku Germany ndi Textile Technology Institute ku RWTH Aachen University adawonetsa kuti polyamide 6 yowonjezeredwa ndi nsalu ya basalt hybrid ulusi (HYWF) imayamwa mphamvu zapadera ndi 35% kuposa ulusi wagalasi HYWF ndi 17% kuposa ulusi wa kaboni HYWF.

Ma oxide achitsulo ndi aluminiyamu mu basalt amathandizira pazabwino zina. Mwachitsanzo, ulusi wa basalt umalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri komanso umatha kuletsa moto kuposa E-glass. Kafukufuku wochitidwa ndi Mafic ku Ireland ndi Fraunhofer Project Center ku Canada adatsimikiza kuti mapanelo oyesera a basalt fiber/epoxy adapeza mphamvu yayikulu ya tensile modulus, tensile strength, ndi interlaminar shear, pamodzi ndi kuuma kwapadera kwa 20%, poyerekeza ndi mapanelo a E-glass/epoxy opangidwa ndi resin ndi njira yomweyo. Kamenny Vek wanena zotsatira zofanana.

Ulusi wa basaltKuchepa kwa madzi m'thupi n'kofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yomanga ndi mapaipi. Sizigwira ntchito ndipo, monga chinthu chopangidwa mwachilengedwe, n'zosavuta kubwezeretsanso kuposa ulusi wopangidwa—chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakampani opanga magalimoto ndi mafakitale ena. Gencarelle imafotokoza ulusi wa basalt ngati “wosalimba, wobiriwira, komanso wolimba” kuposa njira zina, ndikuyika zinthu zake zophatikizika ngati mlatho wogwirira ntchito pakati pa galasi la E ndi ulusi wa kaboni. Monga momwe Thompson akunenera, “Tikudzaza kusiyana pakati pa ulusi wa kaboni ndi galasi—msika womwe wakhala ukufunitsitsa yankho lotere.”

Kusintha kuchoka pa kaboni kupita ku basalt fiber akuti ndikosavuta kuposa kusintha kuchokera pa E-glass, ngakhale zonse ziwiri n'zotheka. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kaboni fiber, kusunga ndalama kumayendetsa kusinthaku, pomwe chiŵerengero chogwirizana cha ntchito ya basalt ndi mtengo chikugwirizana ndi ntchito zomwe kaboni imagwira ntchito kwambiri. Njira zawo zolephera zimasiyananso: kaboni fiber nthawi zambiri imalephera kwambiri (monga kusweka), pomwe basalt fiber imalephera pang'onopang'ono komanso motetezeka. Streetman akufotokoza kuti: "Mwendo wopangira wa kaboni umalephera mwadzidzidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kugwa; mwendo wopangira wa basalt umalola wogwiritsa ntchito kukhala pansi."

Ngakhale kusintha kwa kupanga kukuchepetsa ndalama, ulusi wa basalt umakhala wokwera mtengo kawiri kuposa galasi la E pakugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Kuti zitsimikizire mtengo wake, zinthu zake zapamwamba - kuuma kwake, mphamvu yake, kukana kugundana kwake, kukana mankhwala/madzi, komanso njira zotetezeka zolephera - ziyenera kupereka phindu lalikulu. Pamene ukadaulo ukupita patsogolo, mwala wa volcano uwu ukupanga malo apadera padziko lonse lapansi la zipangizo zamakono.