ʻO ke kiʻi o ka Basalt Fiber

ʻAʻole hou ka manaʻo o ka hana ʻana i nā fiber mai ka basalt. ʻO ka patent mua no ka hana ʻana i ka fiber basalt i hoʻopuka ʻia i ka makahiki 1923, a i ka makahiki 1950 a me 1960, ua nānā nui ka noiʻi ʻana i kāna mau noi koa. ʻOiai ke alakaʻi ʻana Kinohi aniani Ua ʻimi nā mea hana i ka hiki o ka basalt i kēlā manawa, ʻoiai ua hoʻololi lākou i kā lākou R&D i nā makahiki 1970 i nā fiber aniani kiʻekiʻe e like me S-2. I loko o nā makahiki he nui, ua loli ka hoihoi i ka basalt fiber composites, akā i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua piʻi mau ia.

Ma muli o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka basalt mai ka magnesium a me ka pele waiwai nui i hoʻomaloʻo koke ʻia i loko o ka pōhaku, ʻaʻole ia he mea kupanaha ka hōʻike ʻana o nā fiber basalt i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka wela, ke kūpaʻa ahi, a me ke kūpaʻa kiʻekiʻe. Hana kēia mau waiwai iā lākou i mea maʻamau no ka insulation wela kiʻekiʻe. No ka laʻana, hāʻawi ʻo Kamenny Vek ka mea hana fiber basalt Lūkia i ka ʻoihana automotive US me nā huahana no ka insulation system exhaust a hāʻawi i nā mea wela wela no nā noi ʻoihana.

Ma waho aʻe o ka hana wela, pulu basalt'o ka hui pū 'ana o ka ikaika, ka 'o'ole'a, ke kū'ē i ka hopena, a Kemika ʻO ka inertness ka mea e hoʻoikaika maikaʻi ai no nā composites. I loko o nā noi fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP), ua like kona mau kaʻina hana me ka fiber aniani. Aneane hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ke ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe aniani no ka fiber basalt me ​​nā hoʻololi liʻiliʻi i nā ʻāpana kī. Ua kūpono pū ka fiber basalt me ​​nā ʻōnaehana resin maʻamau.

ʻOiai ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka nui o ka basalt (2.63 g/cm³) ma mua o ke aniani aniani, ʻo kāna mau hana maikaʻi e hiki ai i nā mea hoʻohui māmā a ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻolālā.

Loaʻa ka manaʻo o nā waiwai wela o ka basalt fiber ma mua o ka insulation. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kāna mau composites i nā noi e koi ana i nā pae wela ākea. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kona pale ʻana ma mua o ke aniani a me ke kalapona. ʻO nā haʻawina mua e ka Integrative Lightweight Construction Center a me ka Textile Technology Institute ma RWTH Aachen University i hōʻike i ka basalt hybrid yarn fabric (HYWF) -reinforced polyamide 6 e hoʻopaʻa i ka 35% ʻoi aku ka ikaika ma mua o ke aniani fiber HYWF a me 17% ʻoi aku ma mua o ke kalapona HYWF.

Hāʻawi ka hao a me ka alumini oxide i ka basalt i nā pono hou aʻe. No ka laʻana, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion a me ka hoʻopaʻa ahi ma mua o ke aniani E. Ua hōʻoia ʻia kahi noiʻi a Ireland's Mafic and Canada's Fraunhofer Project Center ua loaʻa i nā panela hoʻāʻo basalt fiber/epoxy i ka 40% kiʻekiʻe tensile modulus, tensile ikaika, a me ka interlaminar shear ikaika, a me 20% ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoʻoleʻa, i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā panela E-glass/epoxy i hana ʻia me ka resin a me ka hana like. Ua hōʻike ʻo Kamenny Vek i nā hopena like.

Basalt fiberHe mea koʻikoʻi ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa wai no ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā noi paipu. ʻAʻole ia he mea hoʻokele a, ma ke ʻano he mea kūlohelohe, maʻalahi ka hana hou ʻana ma mua o nā fiber synthetic-he mea nui e noʻonoʻo ai no ka automotive a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. Ua wehewehe ʻo Gencarelle i ka fiber basalt ma ke ʻano he "leaner, greener, and tougher" ma mua o nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hoʻonoho ana i kāna mau composites ma ke ʻano he alahaka hoʻokō kumukūʻai ma waena o ke aniani E a me ka fiber carbon. E like me kā Thompson i ʻōlelo ai, "Ke hoʻopiha nei mākou i ke āpau ma waena o ke kalapona a me ke aniani fibers - kahi mākeke makemake nui no ia ʻano hopena."

ʻOi aku ka maʻalahi o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ke kalapona i ka fiber basalt ma mua o ka hoʻololi ʻana mai ke aniani E, ʻoiai hiki ke hiki. No nā mea hoʻohana carbon fiber, hoʻolalelale ke kumu kūʻai i ka neʻe ʻana, ʻoiai ʻo ka ratio kaulike o ka hana a me ke kumu kūʻai e kūpono i nā noi kahi i pono ʻole ai ka hana kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o carbon. ʻOkoʻa nō hoʻi kā lākou mau ʻano hemahema: ʻaʻole hiki ke hāʻule i ka pōʻino (e laʻa me ka haki ʻana), akā ʻo ka fiber basalt e hōʻike mālie a palekana. Ke hōʻike nei ʻo Streetman: "Holo koke ka wāwae prosthetic carbon composite, e hāʻule ai; ʻo ka wāwae basalt composite hiki i ka mea hoʻohana ke noho i lalo."

ʻOiai ke hoʻemi nei ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai, ʻoi aku ka paʻakikī o ka fiber basalt ma mua o ka E-aniani ma nā noi kiʻekiʻe. No ka hōʻoia ʻana i ke kumukūʻai, ʻo kāna mau waiwai maikaʻi loa - ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka ʻoʻoleʻa, ka ikaika, ka pale ʻana i ka hopena, ke kūpaʻa kemika/wai, a me nā ʻano hana ʻole palekana - pono e hāʻawi i ka waiwai koʻikoʻi. Ke holomua nei ka ʻenehana, ke kālai nei kēia pōhaku lua pele i kahi niche kū hoʻokahi i ka honua o nā mea kiʻekiʻe.