Abubuwan da ke cikin Basalt Fiber

Manufar samar da zare daga basalt ba sabon abu bane. An bayar da takardar izinin mallaka ta farko don kera zare na basalt a shekarar 1923, kuma a shekarun 1950 da 1960, bincike mai zurfi ya mayar da hankali kan aikace-aikacensa na soja. Har ma ya jagoranci Fiber ɗin Gilashi Masu kera sun binciki yuwuwar basalt a lokacin, kodayake sun mayar da hankali kan bincike da ci gaba a shekarun 1970 zuwa zare-zaren gilashi masu inganci kamar S-2. Tsawon shekaru da dama, sha'awar haɗakar zare-zaren basalt ta ragu, amma a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ta ƙaru a hankali.

Ganin cewa basalt ya samo asali ne daga lawa mai arzikin magnesium da ƙarfe da sauri ya zama dutse, ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa zare-zaren basalt suna da ingantaccen rufin zafi, juriyar wuta, da kwanciyar hankali mai zafi. Waɗannan kaddarorin sun sanya su zama kayan da aka saba amfani da su don rufin zafi mai zafi. Misali, mai samar da zare-zaren basalt na Rasha Kamenny Vek yana ba masana'antar kera motoci ta Amurka kayayyakin rufin tsarin hayaki kuma yana ba da kayan da ke jure zafi don aikace-aikacen masana'antu.

Bayan aikin zafi, zare mai siffar basaltHaɗin ƙarfi, tauri, juriyar tasiri, da Sinadaran sinadarai Rashin aiki yana sa ya zama abin ƙarfafawa mai kyau ga mahaɗan. A aikace-aikacen filastik mai ƙarfin fiber (FRP), tsarin ƙera shi yayi kama da na fiber gilashi. Kusan kowace dabarar ƙera fiber gilashi ana iya daidaita ta don fiber basalt tare da ƙananan gyare-gyare ga mahimman sigogi. Hakanan fiber basalt yana dacewa da duk tsarin resin na yau da kullun.

Duk da cewa yawan basalt (2.63 g/cm³) ya ɗan fi zare gilashi girma, fa'idodin aikinsa suna ba da damar haɗakar abubuwa masu sauƙi da sassauƙa.

Sifofin zafin da zare na Basalt ke da shi suna samun kulawa fiye da rufin da aka yi amfani da shi. Ana ƙara amfani da kayan haɗinsa a aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar kewayon zafin jiki mai faɗi. Juriyar tasirinsa kuma ta fi gaban gilashi da zare na carbon. Nazarin farko da Cibiyar Gine-gine Mai Sauƙi ta Jamus da Cibiyar Fasaha ta Yadi a Jami'ar RWTH Aachen suka gudanar ya nuna cewa polyamide 6 mai ƙarfin zare na basalt hybrid (HYWF) yana shan makamashi na musamman da kashi 35% fiye da zaren gilashi HYWF da kuma kashi 17% fiye da zaren carbon HYWF.

Iron da aluminum oxides a cikin basalt suna ba da ƙarin fa'idodi. Misali, zare na basalt yana nuna juriyar tsatsa da kuma juriyar wuta fiye da E-glass. Wani bincike da Cibiyar Aikin Fraunhofer ta Ireland da Kanada ta yi ya tabbatar da cewa allunan gwajin fiber/epoxy na basalt sun sami mafi girman modulus na tensile, ƙarfin tensile, da ƙarfin yankewar interlaminar, tare da ƙarin tauri na musamman na 20%, idan aka kwatanta da allunan E-glass/epoxy da aka yi da resin da tsari iri ɗaya. Kamenny Vek ta ba da rahoton irin wannan sakamako.

Basalt fiberRashin shan ruwa yana da matuƙar muhimmanci ga gine-gine da aikace-aikacen bututun mai. Ba ya da amfani kuma, a matsayin abu na halitta, yana da sauƙin sake amfani da shi fiye da zaruruwan roba - muhimmin abin la'akari ga motoci da sauran masana'antu. Gencarelle ya bayyana zaruruwan basalt a matsayin "masu laushi, masu kore, kuma masu tauri" fiye da madadin, yana sanya abubuwan da ke cikinsa a matsayin gada mai aiki tsakanin E-glass da carbon fiber. Kamar yadda Thompson ya lura, "Muna cike gibin da ke tsakanin zaruruwan carbon da gilashi - kasuwa da ta daɗe tana sha'awar irin wannan mafita."

An ruwaito cewa sauyawa daga carbon zuwa basalt fiber ya fi sauƙi fiye da sauyawa daga E-glass, kodayake duka biyun suna yiwuwa. Ga masu amfani da carbon fiber, tanadin kuɗi yana haifar da canjin, yayin da daidaitaccen rabon aiki-da-farashi na basalt ya dace da aikace-aikacen inda aikin carbon ba shi da mahimmanci. Yanayin gazawar su kuma ya bambanta: carbon fiber yana iya lalacewa cikin bala'i (misali, fashewa), yayin da basalt fiber yana nuna gazawar hankali da aminci. Streetman ya kwatanta: "Ƙafar roba mai haɗakar carbon ta faɗi ba zato ba tsammani, tana haifar da faɗuwa; ƙafar haɗin basalt tana ba mai amfani damar zama."

Duk da cewa inganta samar da kayayyaki yana rage farashi, zare mai kama da basalt ya kasance mai tsada sau biyu fiye da E-glass a aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da shi mai yawa. Domin tabbatar da ingancinsa, manyan abubuwan da yake da su—ƙarfinsa, ƙarfinsa, juriyar tasiri, juriyar sinadarai/ruwa, da kuma hanyoyin gazawa mafi aminci—dole ne ya samar da ƙima mai mahimmanci. Yayin da fasaha ke ci gaba, wannan dutsen mai aman wuta yana sassaka wani wuri na musamman a duniyar kayan zamani.