Te Ātaahua o te Muka Pātara
Ehara i te mea hou te ariā o te hanga muka mai i te papare. I tukuna te patent tuatahi mō te hanga muka papare i te tau 1923, ā, i ngā tau 1950 me 1960, i arotahi ngā rangahau whānui ki ōna tono hōia. Tae atu ki ngā mea ārahi muka karāhe I taua wā, i tūhuratia e ngā kaihanga te pūmanawa o te paparete, ahakoa i nekehia e rātou tā rātou arotahi ki te R&D i ngā tau 1970 ki ngā muka karāhe mahi teitei ake pērā i te S-2. I roto i ngā tekau tau, kua rerekē te hiahia ki ngā hiato muka paparete, engari i ngā tau tata nei, kua piki haere tonu.
I te mea i ahu mai te pātarati i te rangitoto momona i te konupūmā me te rino ka tere whakamatao ki roto i te toka, ehara i te mea miharo he tino pai te whakamarumaru wera o ngā muka pātarati, te ātete ahi, me te pumau pāmahana teitei. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka waiho hei rauemi paerewa mō te whakamarumaru pāmahana teitei. Hei tauira, ko te kaihanga muka pātarati o Ruhia, a Kamenny Vek, e tuku ana i ngā hua mō te whakamarumaru pūnaha putanga hau ki te umanga motuka o Amerika, ā, e whakarato ana hoki i ngā rauemi ātete wera mō ngā tono ahumahi.
Haunga te mahi wera, muka pātaratite huinga o te kaha, te pakari, te ātete ki te pānga, me Matū Nā te kore e mimiti, he mea whakakaha tēnei hei whakakaha mō ngā rauemi honohono. I roto i ngā mahi kirihou whakakaha-muka (FRP), he rite tonu ōna tukanga hanga ki ērā o te muka karāhe. Tata ki ngā tikanga hanga muka karāhe katoa ka taea te whakarerekē mō te muka paparāti me ngā whakarerekētanga iti ki ngā tawhā matua. He hototahi hoki te muka paparāti ki ngā pūnaha kapia paerewa katoa.
Ahakoa he paku teitei ake te mātotoru o te papare (2.63 g/cm³) i te muka karāhe, nā ōna painga mahi ka taea te hanga i ngā hiato māmā ake, ngāwari ake hoki ki te hoahoa.
Kei te arohia ngā āhuatanga wera o te muka basalt i tua atu i te whakamarumaru. Kei te piki haere te whakamahinga o ōna rauemi hiato i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana ki ngā awhe pāmahana whānui ake. He pai ake hoki tōna ātete pānga i ngā muka karāhe me te waro. I whakaatuhia e ngā rangahau tuatahi a te Integrative Lightweight Construction Center o Tiamana me te Textile Technology Institute i te Whare Wānanga o RWTH Aachen, e 35% te kaha motuhake ake o te polyamide 6 i roto i te papanga miro ranu basalt (HYWF) i te muka karāhe HYWF me te 17% te kaha ake i te muka waro HYWF.
He painga anō hoki ngā waikura rino me te konumohe i roto i te papare. Hei tauira, he pai ake te ātete waikura me te ātete ahi o te muka papare i te karāhe-E. I whakaūhia e tētahi rangahau nā te Pokapū Kaupapa Fraunhofer o Airana me Kanata, he 40% teitei ake te modulus tensile, te kaha tensile, me te kaha kutikuti interlaminar o ngā panera whakamātautau muka papare/epoxy, me te 20% teitei ake te pakari motuhake, ki te whakatauritea ki ngā panera karāhe-E/epoxy i hangaia ki te kapia me te tukanga kotahi. Kua pūrongohia e Kamenny Vek ngā hua ōrite.
muka pātaratiHe mea nui te iti o te mimiti wai mō ngā mahi hanga me ngā mahi paipa. Kāore e kawe hiko, ā, he rauemi tūturu, he māmā ake te hangarua i ngā muka hangai—he mea nui tēnei mō ngā ahumahi motuka me ētahi atu ahumahi. E whakaahua ana a Gencarelle i te muka basalt he "kikokore ake, he matomato ake, he pakari ake" i ngā momo rerekē, e whakanoho ana i ana rauemi hiato hei piriti utu-mahi i waenga i te karāhe-E me te muka waro. E ai ki a Thompson, "Kei te whakakī mātou i te āputa i waenga i ngā muka waro me te karāhe—he mākete kua roa e hiahia ana ki tētahi otinga pēnei."
E ai ki ngā kōrero, he māmā ake te whakawhiti mai i te muka waro ki te muka basalt i te whakawhiti mai i te E-glass, ahakoa he mea taea ēnei e rua. Mō ngā kaiwhakamahi muka waro, ko te penapena utu te mea e akiaki ana i te nekehanga, ko te ōwehenga mahi-ki-te-utu taurite o te basalt e pai ana ki ngā tono e kore e hiahiatia te mahi tino-teitei o te waro. He rerekē anō hoki ā rātou momo rahunga: ka rahunga kino te muka waro (hei tauira, te pakaru), ko te muka basalt ia he rahunga āta haere, haumaru ake. E whakaatu ana a Streetman: "Ka rahunga ohorere te waewae hangai waro, ka hinga; ka taea e te waewae hangai basalt te noho ki raro."
Ahakoa kei te whakaitihia ngā utu e ngā whakapainga whakaputa, e rua tonu te utu o te muka basalt i te E-glass i roto i ngā tono nui. Hei whakamana i te utu nui, ko ōna āhuatanga pai ake—he pakari ake, he kaha ake, he ātete pānga, he ātete matū/wai, me ngā momo rahunga haumaru ake—me tuku uara nui. I te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kei te whakairohia e tēnei toka puia he āputa motuhake i roto i te ao o ngā rauemi matatau.
