Kukwezva kweBasalt Fiber
Pfungwa yekugadzira fiber kubva kubasalt haisi itsva. Patent yekutanga yekugadzira fiber yebasalt yakabudiswa muna 1923, uye muma1950 nema1960, tsvakurudzo yakawanda yakatarisana nemashandisirwo ayo mumauto. Kunyangwe inotungamira. Girazi Fiber Vagadziri vakaongorora kugona kwebasalt panguva iyoyo, kunyange hazvo vakachinja pfungwa dzavo dzekutsvaga nekuvandudza muma1970 vachienda kumafaibha egirazi anoshanda zvakanyanya seS-2. Mumakumi emakore, kufarira macomposites ebasalt fiber kwave kuchichinja-chinja, asi mumakore achangopfuura, kwakawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Zvichienderana nekuti basalt inobva mulava ine magnesium nesimbi yakawanda inotonhorera nekukurumidza mumatombo, hazvishamisi kuti fiber dzebasalt dzinoratidza kupisa kwakanyanya, kudzivirira moto, uye kugadzikana pakupisa kwakanyanya. Hunhu uhwu hunovaita chinhu chakajairika chekudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, mugadziri wefiber yebasalt wekuRussia Kamenny Vek anopa indasitiri yemotokari yekuUS zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira utsi uye anopa zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvekushandisa mumaindasitiri.
Kupfuura kushanda kwekupisa, faibha yebasaltmusanganiswa wesimba, kuomarara, kuramba kukanganiswa, uye Kemikari Kusashanda zvakanaka kunoita kuti ive chinhu chinokwezva chekusimbisa zvinhu zvinosanganiswa. Mukushandiswa kwepurasitiki yakasimbiswa nefiber (FRP), maitiro ayo ekuumba akafanana neefiber yegirazi. Chero nzira ipi zvayo yekuumba fiber yegirazi inogona kugadziriswa nefiber yebasalt nekuchinja kudiki kune zvakakosha. Fiber yebasalt inoenderanawo nemaitiro ese e resin akajairwa.
Kunyangwe huwandu hwebasalt (2.63 g/cm³) hwakakwira zvishoma pane fiber yegirazi, mabhenefiti ayo ekushanda anogonesa zvinhu zvakareruka uye zvinochinjika-chinjika.
Hunhu hwebasalt fiber huri kuwedzera kutariswa kupfuura kuputira. Zvinhu zvayo zviri kushandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kunoda tembiricha yakakura. Kusasimba kwayo kunopfuurawo magirazi nekabhoni. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaitwa neIntegrative Lightweight Construction Center yeGermany neTextile Technology Institute paRWTH Aachen University zvakaratidza kuti jira rebasalt hybrid yarn (HYWF)-reinforced polyamide 6 rinotora simba rakasiyana ne35% kupfuura girazi fiber HYWF uye 17% kupfuura carbon fiber HYWF.
Iron nearuminiyamu oxides mubasalt zvinobatsirawo mune zvimwe zvakanakira. Semuenzaniso, basalt fiber inoratidza kudzivirira ngura uye kunonoka moto zviri nani kupfuura E-glass. Ongororo yakaitwa neIreland's Mafic neCanada's Fraunhofer Project Center yakasimbisa kuti basalt fiber/epoxy test panels yakawana tensile modulus yakakwira ne40%, tensile strength, uye interlaminar shear strength, pamwe chete ne20% specific stiffness yakakura, zvichienzaniswa neE-glass/epoxy panels dzakagadzirwa neresin uye process imwechete. Kamenny Vek akataura zvakafanana.
Basalt faibhaKunyudzwa kwemvura shoma kwakakosha pakuvaka uye kushandiswa kwemapaipi. Haifambise zvinhu uye, sechinhu chinowanikwa zvakasikwa, chiri nyore kudzokorodza kupfuura mafiber ekugadzira—chinhu chakakosha kufungwa nezvacho kune maindasitiri emotokari nedzimwe nzvimbo. Gencarelle inotsanangura basalt fiber se "yakatetepa, yakasvibirira, uye yakasimba" pane dzimwe nzira, ichiisa zvinhu zvayo zvakasanganiswa sebhiriji rinoshanda zvakanaka pakati pegirazi reE necarbon fiber. Sezvakataurwa naThompson, "Tiri kuzadza musiyano uripo pakati pemafiber ecarbon negirazi—musika wagara uchida mhinduro yakadaro."
Kuchinja kubva kucarbon kuenda kubasalt fiber kunonzi kuri nyore pane kuchinja kubva kuE-glass, kunyange hazvo zvese zvichikwanisika. Kune vanoshandisa carbon fiber, kuchengetedza mari kunokonzeresa shanduko, nepo chiyero chebasalt chekushanda-ne-mutengo chakaenzana chinokodzera mashandisirwo apo kushanda kwecarbon kwakanyanya kusingakoshi. Maitiro avo ekukundikana akasiyanawo: carbon fiber inowanzokundikana zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, kupwanyika), nepo basalt fiber ichiratidza kutadza zvishoma nezvishoma uye kwakachengeteka. Streetman anoratidza kuti: "Gumbo rekugadzira rine carbon composite rinokundikana kamwe kamwe, zvichikonzera kudonha; basalt composite gumbo rinobvumira mushandisi kugara pasi."
Kunyange hazvo kuvandudzwa kwekugadzirwa kuri kuderedza mitengo, fiber yebasalt inoramba ichidhura zvakapetwa kaviri pane E-glass mukushandiswa kwakawanda. Kuti iratidze kuti inodhura zvakanyanya, hunhu hwayo hwepamusoro-soro—kuoma kwayo kwakanyanya, simba rayo, kuramba kwayo kukanganiswa, kuramba makemikari/mvura, uye nzira dzakachengeteka dzekutadza kushanda—dzinofanira kupa kukosha kwakakosha. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, dombo iri remakomo riri kugadzira nzvimbo yakasarudzika munyika yezvinhu zvepamusoro-soro.
