Ubuhle beBasalt Fiber
Ingcamango yokuvelisa iifayibha kwi-basalt ayintsha. Ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wefayibha ye-basalt lakhutshwa ngo-1923, kwaye ngeminyaka yoo-1950 noo-1960, uphando olubanzi lugxile kwizicelo zayo zasemkhosini. Kwanaphambili. Ifayibha yeglasi Abavelisi baphonononge amandla e-basalt ngelo xesha, nangona batshintshela ugxininiso lwabo lwe-R&D kwiminyaka yoo-1970 baya kwiifayibha zeglasi ezisebenzayo kakhulu ezifana ne-S-2. Kwiminyaka emininzi edlulileyo, umdla kwi-basalt fiber composites uye watshintshatshintsha, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uye wanda ngokuthe chu.
Ekubeni i-basalt ivela kwi-lava etyebileyo ye-magnesium kunye ne-iron epholiswe ngokukhawuleza ematyeni, akumangalisi ukuba ii-fiber ze-basalt zibonisa ubushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nomlilo, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu. Ezi mpawu zenza ukuba zibe zizinto eziqhelekileyo zobushushu obuphezulu. Umzekelo, umvelisi wefayibha ye-basalt yaseRashiya uKamenny Vek ubonelela ishishini leemoto laseMelika ngeemveliso zokukhusela inkqubo yokukhupha umoya kwaye ubonelela ngezinto ezikhusela ubushushu kwiimveliso zoshishino.
Ngaphaya kokusebenza kobushushu, ifayibha yebasaltindibaniselwano yamandla, ukuqina, ukumelana neempembelelo, kunye Ikhemikhali Ukungangeni kwayo kuyenza ibe yinto enomtsalane yokuqinisa izinto ezidityanisiweyo. Kwizicelo zeplastiki eqiniswe ngefayibha (i-FRP), iinkqubo zayo zokubumba zifana nezo zefayibha yeglasi. Phantse naluphi na uhlobo lokubumba ngefayibha yeglasi lunokulungiswa kwifayibha yebasalt ngokulungiswa okuncinci kwiiparameter eziphambili. Ifayibha yebasalt ikwahambelana nazo zonke iinkqubo zeresini ezisemgangathweni.
Nangona uxinano lwe-basalt (2.63 g/cm³) luphezulu kancinci kunefayibha yeglasi, iingenelo zayo zokusebenza zivumela izinto ezikhaphukhaphu neziguquguqukayo kuyilo.
Iipropati zobushushu zefayibha yeBasalt ziyafumana ingqalelo ngaphaya kokugquma. Iinhlanganisela zayo zisetyenziswa ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifuna amazinga obushushu abanzi. Ukumelana kwayo nempembelelo kukwadlula iifayibha zeglasi nezekhabhoni. Izifundo zokuqala ezenziwe yiZiko loKwakha eliLula eliDibeneyo laseJamani kunye neZiko leTekhnoloji yezeMpahla kwiYunivesithi yaseRWTH Aachen zibonise ukuba i-polyamide 6 eqiniswe yi-basalt hybrid yarn fabric (HYWF) ifunxa amandla athile angama-35% kunefayibha yeglasi iHYWF kunye ne-17% ngaphezulu kunefayibha yekhabhoni iHYWF.
Ii-okside zentsimbi kunye ne-aluminium kwi-basalt zinegalelo kwiingenelo ezongezelelweyo. Umzekelo, i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunye nokungacimi komlilo kune-E-glass. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-Mafic yase-Ireland kunye ne-Fraunhofer Project Center yaseKhanada luqinisekisile ukuba iiphaneli zovavanyo lwe-basalt fiber/epoxy zifumene i-tensile modulus ephezulu ngama-40%, amandla okutsalwa, kunye namandla okucheba phakathi kwe-laminar, kunye nokuqina okuthe ngqo okungama-20%, xa kuthelekiswa neephaneli ze-E-glass/epoxy ezenziwe nge-resin efanayo kunye nenkqubo. UKamenny Vek uxele iziphumo ezifanayo.
Ifayibha yeBasaltUkufunxwa kwamanzi okuncinci kubalulekile ekwakheni nasekusetyenzisweni kwemibhobho. Ayisebenzisi mafutha kwaye, njengezinto ezenzeka ngokwendalo, kulula ukuyiphinda isetyenziswe kuneefayibha ezenziweyo—into ephambili ekuqwalaselwa kuyo kwiimoto nakwamanye amashishini. IGencarelle ichaza ifayibha yebasalt “njengethambileyo, eluhlaza, kwaye iqinileyo” kunezinye iindlela, ibeka izinto zayo ezidityanisiweyo njengebhulorho yokusebenza kakuhle phakathi kweglasi ye-E kunye nefayibha yekhabhoni. Njengoko uThompson ephawula, “Sizalisa umsantsa phakathi kweefayibha zekhabhoni kunye neglasi—imarike ebisoloko ilangazelela isisombululo esinjalo.”
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwi-carbon ukuya kwi-basalt fiber kuthiwa kulula kunokutshintsha ukusuka kwi-E-glass, nangona zombini zinokwenzeka. Kubasebenzisi be-carbon fiber, ukonga iindleko kuqhuba utshintsho, ngelixa umlinganiselo olungeleleneyo wokusebenza-ukuya-kwixabiso we-basalt uhambelana nezicelo apho ukusebenza okuphezulu kakhulu kwe-carbon kungadingeki. Iindlela zabo zokusilela nazo zahlukile: i-carbon fiber idla ngokusilela kakhulu (umz., ukuqhekeka), ngelixa i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukusilela kancinci kancinci nangokukhuselekileyo. UStreetman ucacisa oku: “Umlenze we-carbon composite prosthetic uyasilela ngequbuliso, ubangele ukuwa; umlenze we-basalt composite uvumela umsebenzisi ukuba ahlale phantsi.”
Nangona ukuphuculwa kwemveliso kunciphisa iindleko, i-basalt fiber isabiza kabini kune-E-glass kwizicelo eziphezulu. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ixabiso layo eliphezulu, iimpawu zayo eziphezulu—ukuqina okuphezulu, amandla, ukumelana nempembelelo, ukumelana neekhemikhali/namanzi, kunye neendlela zokungaphumeleli ezikhuselekileyo—kufuneka zinike ixabiso elibalulekileyo. Njengoko ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka, eli litye lentaba-mlilo lidlala indawo ekhethekileyo kwihlabathi lezinto eziphambili.
