Ukutsalwa kweFayibha yeBasalt
Ingcamango yokuvelisa iifayili ezivela kwi-basalt ayintsha. I-patent yokuqala yokwenziwa kwe-basalt fiber yakhutshwa kwi-1923, kwaye ngexesha le-1950 kunye ne-1960, uphando olubanzi lujolise kwizicelo zalo zempi. Nditsho nokukhokela IFayibha yeglasi abavelisi baphonononga amandla e-basalt ngelo xesha, nangona batshintsha ugxininiso lwabo lwe-R&D ngeminyaka yee-1970 ukuya kwimicu yeglasi esebenza kakhulu njenge-S-2. Ukutyhubela amashumi eminyaka, umdla kwi-basalt fiber composites uye waguquguquka, kodwa kwiminyaka yakutshanje, uye wanda ngokuthe ngcembe.
Ngenxa yokuba i-basalt ivela kwi-magnesium- kunye ne-iron-rich lava epholile ngokukhawuleza etyeni, akumangalisi ukuba iifayibha ze-basalt zibonisa ukufudumala okukhethekileyo, ukumelana nomlilo kunye nokuzinza kobushushu obuphezulu. Ezi mpawu zibenza zibe yimathiriyeli esemgangathweni yokushisa okuphezulu. Ngokomzekelo, umvelisi waseRashiya we-basalt fiber uKamenny Vek ubonelela imboni yemoto yase-US ngeemveliso zokukhupha inkqubo yokukhupha kwaye ibonelele ngezixhobo ezikwazi ukumelana nobushushu kwizicelo zoshishino.
Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwe-thermal, i-basalt fiber's indibaniselwano yamandla, ukuqina, ukuxhathisa impembelelo, kunye Ikhemikhali ukungabinamsebenzi kwenza kube yinto ekhangayo ukuqinisa imidibaniso. Kwi-fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) izicelo, iinkqubo zayo zokubumba zifana nezo ze-glass fiber. Phantse nayiphi na indlela yokubumba i-glass fiber iyakwazi ukulungiswa kwi-basalt fiber kunye nohlengahlengiso oluncinci kwiiparitha eziphambili. Ifayibha ye-basalt iyahambelana nazo zonke iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo ze-resin.
Nangona ingxinano yebasalt (2.63 g/cm³) iphakamile kancinane kunefayibha yeglasi, iingenelo zokusebenza kwayo zenza ukuba kube lula kunye noyilo oluguquguqukayo oludibanisayo.
Iimpawu ze-thermal ze-basalt fiber zifumana ingqalelo ngaphaya kokugquma. Ii-composites zayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwizicelo ezifuna ububanzi obushushu obubanzi. Ukuchasana kwayo neempembelelo kuphinda kudlule iglasi kunye ne-carbon fibers. Uphononongo lokuqala yi-Integrative Lightweight Construction Centre yaseJamani kunye ne-Textile Technology Institute kwi-RWTH Aachen University yabonisa ukuba ilaphu le-basalt hybrid larn (HYWF)-i-polyamide eyomeleziweyo 6 ifunxa i-35% yamandla athile ngakumbi kune-glass fiber HYWF kunye ne-17% ngaphezu kwe-carbon fiber HYWF.
Intsimbi kunye ne-aluminium oxides kwi-basalt igalelo kwiinzuzo ezongezelelweyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-basalt fiber ibonisa ukumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunye nokunciphisa umlilo kune-E-glass. Uphononongo olwenziwe yi-Ireland's Mafic kunye ne-Canada's Fraunhofer Project Centre luqinisekisile ukuba i-basalt fiber / iipaneli zovavanyo ze-epoxy zizuze i-40% ephezulu ye-tensile modulus, amandla okuqina, kunye namandla okucheba i-interlaminar, kunye ne-20% yokuqina okukhulu okukhulu, xa kuthelekiswa ne-E-glass / epoxy panels ezenziwe nge-resin efanayo kunye nenkqubo. U-Kamenny Vek uye wabika iziphumo ezifanayo.
I-basalt fiberUkufunxa amanzi aphantsi kubalulekile kulwakhiwo kunye nezicelo zemibhobho. Ayina-conductive kwaye, njengento eyenzeka ngokwemvelo, kulula ukuphinda isetyenziswe kuneefayili zokwenziwa-inkalo ephambili yokuqwalaselwa kweemoto kunye namanye amashishini. I-Gencarelle ichaza i-basalt fiber ngokuthi "incinci, iluhlaza, kwaye inzima" kunezinye iindlela, ibeka ii-composites zayo njengebhuloho yeendleko zokusebenza phakathi kwe-E-glass kunye ne-carbon fiber. Njengoko uThompson ephawula, "Sizalisa umsantsa phakathi kwekhabhoni kunye neefayibha zeglasi-imarike elangazelela isisombululo esinjalo."
Ukutshintsha ukusuka kwikhabhoni ukuya kwi-basalt fiber kuxelwe ukuba kulula kunokutshintsha kwi-E-glass, nangona zombini zinokwenzeka. Kubasebenzisi be-carbon fiber, ukugcinwa kweendleko kuqhuba utshintsho, ngelixa i-basalt ye-balanced performance-to-price ratio ihambelana nezicelo apho ukusebenza kwe-carbon ultra-high kungadingekile. Iimowudi zabo zokungaphumeleli nazo ziyahluka: ifayibha yekhabhoni ithande ukusilela ngokuyintlekele (umzekelo, ukuqhekeka), ngelixa ifayibha ye-basalt ibonisa ukusilela ngokuthe ngcembe, ngokukhuselekileyo. Lo kaStreetman ubonisa oku: “Umlenze owenziwe ngekhabhoni oyintlanganisela wohluleka ngequbuliso, ubangele ukuwa; umlenze owenziwe ngebasalt uvumela lowo uwenzayo ukuba ahlale phantsi.”
Nangona ukuphuculwa kwemveliso kunciphisa iindleko, i-basalt fiber ihlala ibiza ngokuphindwe kabini njenge-E-glass kwizicelo eziphezulu. Ukulungelelanisa i-premium, iimpawu zayo eziphezulu-ukuqina okuphezulu, amandla, ukuchasana kwempembelelo, ukuchasana kweekhemikhali / kwamanzi, kunye neendlela ezikhuselekileyo zokungaphumeleli-kufuneka zinike ixabiso elibalulekileyo. Njengoko iteknoloji iqhubela phambili, eli litye lentaba-mlilo lizoba i-niche ekhethekileyo kwihlabathi lezinto eziphambili.
