Ubwiza bwa Fibre ya Basalt
Igitekerezo cyo gukora imigozi iva muri basalt si gishya. Patenti ya mbere yo gukora imigozi ya basalt yasohotse mu 1923, kandi mu myaka ya 1950 na 1960, ubushakashatsi bwimbitse bwibanze ku ikoreshwa ryayo mu gisirikare. Ndetse n'abayobozi bakuru. Fibre y'ikirahure Abakora ubushakashatsi ku bushobozi bwa basalt icyo gihe, nubwo bahinduye intego yabo mu bushakashatsi no mu iterambere mu myaka ya 1970 bajya ku nsinga z'ibirahuri zikora neza nka S-2. Mu myaka ibarirwa muri za mirongo, gushishikazwa n'ibinyabutabire bya basalt byarahindutse, ariko mu myaka ya vuba aha, byakomeje kwiyongera buhoro buhoro.
Bitewe n'uko basalt ikomoka ku mabuye akungahaye kuri manyeziyumu n'icyuma akonjeshwa vuba mu rutare, ntibitangaje kubona imigozi ya basalt igaragaza ubushyuhe budasanzwe, irwanya umuriro, kandi ikagira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Iyi miterere ituma iba ibikoresho bisanzwe byo gukingira ubushyuhe bwinshi. Urugero, Kamenny Vek, uruganda rw'imigozi ya basalt rw'Umurusiya, aha inganda z'imodoka zo muri Amerika ibikoresho byo gukingira imyuka iva mu kirere, kandi agatanga ibikoresho birwanya ubushyuhe byo gukoreshwa mu nganda.
Uretse imikorere y'ubushyuhe, fibre ya basalt's uruvange rw'imbaraga, gukomera, kurwanya ingaruka, na Ubutabire Kudakora neza bituma irushaho gukurura ibintu bivanze. Mu ikoreshwa rya pulasitiki ishyigikiwe na fibre (FRP), uburyo bwo kuyibumba busa n'ubwa fibre y'ikirahure. Uburyo bwo kuyibumba hafi ya bwose bw'ikirahure bushobora guhindurwa kuri fibre ya basalt hamwe n'uburyo buke bwo kuyihindura ku bipimo by'ingenzi. Fibre ya basalt nayo ijyanye na sisitemu zose zisanzwe za resin.
Nubwo ubucucike bwa basalt (2.63 g/cm³) buri hejuru gato y’umugozi w’ikirahure, ibyiza byayo mu mikorere bituma ibintu byoroheje kandi byoroshye gushushanya.
Imiterere y'ubushyuhe bwa fibre ya basalt iri kwiyongera cyane kuruta ubushyuhe. Ibikoresho byayo birimo gukoreshwa cyane mu bikorwa bisaba ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ubudahangarwa bwayo buruta kandi imigozi y'ibirahure na karuboni. Ubushakashatsi bwa mbere bwakozwe n'ikigo cy'ubwubatsi bworoheje cyo mu Budage n'ikigo cy'ikoranabuhanga ry'imyenda muri Kaminuza ya RWTH Aachen bwagaragaje ko polyamide 6 ikoreshwa mu budodo bwa basalt (HYWF) ifata ingufu zihariye ku kigero cya 35% kurusha fibre y'ibirahure HYWF na 17% kurusha fibre ya karuboni HYWF.
Okiside y'icyuma na aluminiyumu muri basalt bigira uruhare mu bindi byiza. Urugero, fibre ya basalt igaragaza ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingese no kudakoresha umuriro kurusha E-glass. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Mafic yo muri Irilande na Fraunhofer Project Center yo muri Kanada bwemeje ko paneli zo gupima fibre/epoxy za basalt zageze kuri 40% ku isonga ryo gukurura, imbaraga zo gukurura, n'imbaraga zo gukata hagati ya laminar, hamwe n'ubukana bwa 20% ku isonga, ugereranije na paneli za E-glass/epoxy zakozwe hakoreshejwe resin imwe n'uburyo bumwe. Kamenny Vek yatanze ibisubizo bisa.
Fibre ya basaltGufata amazi make ni ingenzi cyane mu bwubatsi no mu miyoboro. Ntabwo itwara amazi kandi, nk'ibikoresho bisanzwe, byoroshye kongera gukoreshwa kurusha imigozi ya sintetike—ikintu cy'ingenzi ku nganda z'imodoka n'izindi. Gencarelle ivuga ko fibre ya basalt ari “yoroshye, ikiri mbisi, kandi ikomeye” kurusha ubundi buryo, ishyira ibintu byayo nk'ikiraro gihuza ikirahuri cya E na fibre ya karuboni. Nk'uko Thompson abivuga, “Turimo kuzuza icyuho kiri hagati y'imigozi ya karuboni n'ikirahuri—isoko ryari rimaze igihe kinini rishaka igisubizo nk'iki.”
Guhindura kuva kuri karuboni ukajya kuri basalt fibre bivugwa ko byoroshye kuruta guhindura ukoresheje e-glass, nubwo byombi bishoboka. Ku bakoresha fibre ya karuboni, kuzigama amafaranga bituma habaho impinduka, mu gihe igipimo cy’imikorere ya basalt gihuye n’ikoreshwa aho imikorere ya karuboni iri hejuru cyane idakenewe. Uburyo bwo gucika kwayo nabwo buratandukanye: fibre ya karuboni ikunda gucika intege cyane (urugero, gucika), mu gihe fibre ya basalt igaragaza gucika intege buhoro buhoro kandi mu buryo bwizewe. Streetman asobanura agira ati: “Ukuguru kw’inyongera kwa karuboni gucika intege mu buryo butunguranye, bigatera kugwa; ukuguru kw’inyongera kwa basalt gutuma uyikoresha yicara.”
Nubwo iterambere ry'umusaruro rigabanya ikiguzi, fibre ya basalt iracyahenze inshuro ebyiri kurusha ikirahuri cya E mu bikorwa byinshi. Kugira ngo byemezwe ko ari igiciro cyiza, imiterere yacyo ihebuje—ubukomezi, imbaraga, kudahura n'ingaruka, kudahura n'ibinyabutabire/amazi, ndetse n'uburyo bwo kwirinda kwangirika—bigomba gutanga agaciro gakomeye. Uko ikoranabuhanga ritera imbere, uru rutare rw'ibirunga rurimo gusharira cyane mu isi y'ibikoresho bigezweho.
