Amakuru

Uko sitasiyo za 5G zigenda zirushaho kuba nyinshi, antene za telefoni zigendanwa zirushaho kuba nyinshi, n'imiyoboro ya fiber optique irushaho kwaguka, ibikoresho by'itumanaho birimo guhinduka kuva ku "bihagije" kugera ku "bikabije": igihombo gito cya dielectric, uburinzi bwinshi bwa electromagnetic, imiterere yoroheje, no kudasaza.
Kubera imiterere nk'ingufu nke zo gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubushyuhe bw'umwimerere, no kudahindagurika cyane mu gihe cy'ikirere, fibre ya basalt iri kubona umwanya wayo mu bice by'ingenzi nka antene zo muri sitasiyo y'ibanze, ibice by'imbaraga z'insinga z'urumuri, na radomes. Aho kwimura ibikoresho bihari, itanga uburinganire bwiza mu mikorere no kugabanya ikiguzi ku bikorwa byihuta cyane kandi bikoresha umuvuduko mwinshi.

Vuba aha, nyuma y'imyaka myinshi yo gutsinda inzitizi za tekiniki, Kaminuza ya Wuhan Textile yashoboye gukuramo basalt ikomeye mu nsinga nziza kurusha umusatsi w'umuntu, maze iwubohamo "Basalt Dragon-Scale Suits" ishobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa dogere selisiyusi 1300. Iri terambere, ryakuruye ibitekerezo by'ibigo bikomeye by'imyenda, ntirikemura gusa ibibazo byo kwirinda imyenda gakondo yo kuzimya inkongi, ahubwo rinagera ku musaruro mwiza ku giciro gito. Intumwa z'Ibiro Bishinzwe Kuzimya Inkongi n'Ubutabazi bya Wuhan ziherutse gusura iyi kaminuza kugira ngo zitange iyi myenda. Iri shyashya ryakuruye abantu benshi mu bucuruzi bwa Hubei ndetse n'ibigo byinshi bikomeye by'imyenda hirya no hino mu gihugu.

BFRP ikwiriye inyubako ziciriritse kugeza ku nke mu modoka nto za UAV kandi itanga agaciro mu bijyanye no kugabanya ibiro, kurwanya ingese, no kugabanya ubushyuhe/gutemba; icyakora, igomba kwirindwa mu bice bisaba ubukomere bwinshi. Niba ubukomere atari ikintu cy'ingenzi ariko ikiguzi kikaba ari cyo, BFRP itanga uburyo bwo kugabanya ikiguzi kurusha CFRP.

Kuva ku mabendera y’igihugu ya basalt fibre yamuritse ku ruhande rw’ukwezi kugeza ku nyubako z’ingenzi z’aho ubworozi bw’amafi bwo mu nyanja nini, no ku nkengero z’imihanda minini idapfa kwangirika, ibikoresho bya basalt byagaragaye cyane haba mu bidukikije bikomeye ndetse no mu mishinga ya buri munsi y’ubuhanga bitewe n’uko birwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi, birwanya ingese, kandi birwanya gusaza.

Iki buye cy’ibirunga gikozwe mu gukonja no gukomera kwa magma mu butaka, kigaragaza imiterere ikomeye nyuma yo gutunganywa kurusha kure ibikoresho bisanzwe. Kubera iyo mpamvu, cyabaye ikindi gikoresho gikunzwe cyane mu nganda zigezweho, ubwubatsi bw’ibikorwa remezo, n’iby’indege. Uyu munsi, turasesengura imbaraga z’imikorere y’ibikoresho bya basalt mu bice bitatu by’ingenzi kugira ngo dusobanukirwe neza icyabitera gukomera.

Ibiraro byambukiranya inyanja, aho amazi menshi ahagarara, aho umuyaga uturuka mu nyanja... Nubwo ibi "binini bikomeye" byubatswe mu nyanja ari byiza cyane, bihanganira "imibabaro ikomeye" ya buri munsi yo gutemba kw'imiraba, umunyu na alkali, hamwe n'ingendo z'amazi zisimburana. Muri ubwo buryo, kugenzura ko inyubako za sima zikomeye ziguma uko zakabaye - zitameneka, zicikagurika, cyangwa ngo zisenyuke vuba - bimaze igihe kirekire ari ikibazo gikomeye ku muryango w'abahanga ku isi.

Kuva kera, insinga z'icyuma zakunze gushyirwa muri sima kugira ngo zongere ubukana no gukumira gucika. Ariko, insinga z'icyuma akenshi ntizikwiriye imiterere mibi y'umunyu n'amazi yo mu nyanja; iyo iyoni za chloride zinjira mu myobo iri muri sima, insinga z'icyuma zirashwanyagurika kandi zigakura mu bunini, mu buryo butangaje bigatuma sima icikamo ibice imbere kandi ikihutisha gusenyuka kw'inyubako.
Vuba aha, inyigo nshya y’ibikoresho yibanda ku kuramba cyane mu buhanga bwo mu mazi yatanze igisubizo cyiza cyane: imigozi ya basalt—ikorwa no gukurura imigozi iva mu rutare karemano rw’ibirunga—ishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfuka sima yo mu mazi mu ruhu rw’ “intwaro” zidakunze kwangirika. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze mu buryo bwinshi bwo gushyiramo “imigozi minini yo guhuza imiterere” n’ “imigozi mito yo gufunga imyenge.”

Uko indege zitagira abapilote zigenda zinyura mu kirere kugira ngo zirebe inkongi z'umuriro, kandi robo zikoresha ubwenge zigakora imirimo isubiramo neza ku ruganda, imikorere myiza y'iki gikoresho gikoresha ubwenge ikunze gushyigikirwa n' "inkunga ikomeye" idashobora kwirengagizwa: ibikoresho bishya bikomoka ku rutare rw'ibirunga - fibre ya basalt. Nubwo bigaragara ko bidakomeye, imiterere yabyo yihariye yatumye biba ingenzi mu gufungura imipaka y'imikorere ya drones na robots, bigatuma habaho impinduka mu buryo bwihuse mu bijyanye n'ibikoresho bikoresha ubwenge.

Iyi mashini nshya idakora ibintu bishya yakozwe no gushongesha amabuye y’umwimerere ya basalt ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya 1.450°C na 1.500°C no kuyakurura mu migozi, ifite ibyiza byinshi—harimo imbaraga zoroshye, kurwanya ikirere, kurwanya ingese, no kutabangamira ibidukikije—ibi birimo gutera impinduka mu bikoresho mu nganda zikora indege zitagira abapilote na robots. Uyu munsi, reka turebe ubushobozi bwayo buhishe!

Fibre ya basalt ni igikoresho kidakoreshwa mu miyoboro y’amazi gikozwe mu gukuramo imigozi ikomoka ku mabuye karemano ya basalt nyuma yo gushongeshwa ku bushyuhe bwinshi. Yakunzwe cyane kubera imiterere yayo idasanzwe ya fizikiki—cyane cyane imikorere yayo mu bidukikije bishyuha cyane. By’umwihariko, fibre ya basalt idashobora gushyuha cyane—icyiciro cy’ingenzi cy’iki gikoresho—igaragaza agaciro kadasanzwe mu bikorwa byinshi bisaba kwihanganira ubushyuhe bukabije.

Vuba aha, hamwe n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ingenzi—nk’ubutumwa bwo gushakisha ku kwezi bwa Chang'e-6 ndetse n’urubuga rwa mbere ku isi rwo korora fibre ya basalt mu nyanja yimbitse—fibre ya basalt iri kwihutisha ihinduka ryayo kuva ku bushakashatsi bwa laboratwari ikajya ku bikoresho bishya bifatika bifite umusaruro ufatika mu nganda. Ifite inyungu zihuriweho zo kuba irinda ibidukikije, idafite karubone nke, yoroheje, ikomeye cyane, irinda ikirere, kandi irinda ingese, fibre ya basalt ubu—ishyigikiwe n’uburyo busesuye bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge n’amahame—igera ku ntambwe mu bikorwa byo mu kirere no gukwirakwiza ubucuruzi mu nzego za gisivili, bityo ikomeza kongera ubushobozi bw’inganda muri rusange.

Mu muryango w’abakoresha indege zitagira abapilote, fibre ya karuboni imaze igihe kinini ifatwa nk'igipimo ngenderwaho cya "zahabu y'umukara". Ariko, niba urambiwe ibiciro bikabije, uburyo bukomeye bwo kubangamira ibimenyetso bya GPS, cyangwa amaboko y'inkingi acika umukungugu iyo aguye, noneho "imbaraga z'amabuye y'ibirunga" - Basalt Fibre - zirimo guhindura amategeko y'umukino bucece.
By’umwihariko, umwenda wa basalt wa 200gsm twill ntabwo ari ikintu gisimbura fibre ya karuboni gusa; ni intambwe y’ingenzi mu iterambere ry’amafuremu y’indege ntoya kugeza ku ntoya.

Fibre ya Basalt ni agace gahoraho gakorwa mu mabuye karemano ya basalt; ayo mabuye ashongeshwa n'ubushyuhe bwinshi hanyuma agakururwa vuba binyuze mu bushing ya platine-rhodium alloy. Ibara ryayo rikunze kugaragara nk'umukara w'izahabu. Amabuye ya Basalt ubwayo ni ibuye risanzwe ryakozwe nyuma y'iruka ry'ibirunga, kandi ari menshi mu bubiko kandi akwirakwizwa cyane mu butaka bw'Isi. Guhindura iri buye risanzwe mo fibre ikora neza bigaragaza ubuhanga bwa siyansi y'ibikoresho bya none.
Mu bijyanye n'imiterere y'imiti, fibre ya basalt igizwe ahanini na okiside—nka dioxyde ya silikoni, okiside ya aluminiyumu, okiside ya kalisiyumu, na okiside ya manyeziyumu—kandi ishyirwa mu cyiciro cya fibre ya silicate. Uburyo bwo kuyikora burangwa no kuba ibungabunga ibidukikije. Ubutare bwa basalt bushyuha kugeza bushongeshejwe mu itanura rishyushye cyane; muri iki gikorwa cyose, nta bintu bihumanya byongerwamo, nta n'imyuka mibi yangiza ikorwa, mu gihe ifu ivamo ishobora kongera gukoreshwa no kongera gukoreshwa. Ugereranyije n'imigozi imwe n'imwe ikoze mu budodo ikenera uburyo bugoye bwa shimi kugira ngo itegurwe, uburyo bwo gukora fibre ya basalt bworoshye kandi bukoresha ingufu nke.
Imiterere y'imikorere ya fibre ya basalt iri hagati y'iy'ibirahure bikomeye na fibre ya karuboni; ihuza imiterere myinshi myiza, bityo ikagira akamaro mu nzego zitandukanye.