Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza kanye Nocwaningo Lokusebenza Lobunjiniyela Lokhonkolo Oluqiniswe Nge-Basalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Eminyakeni yakamuva,Ubunjiniyela bomgwaqo waseChina Ukwakha ithuthuke ngokushesha, kanye nobuchwepheshe besakhiwo obuphathekayo buzuze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile, ukuqongelela izimpumelelo eziningi ezithuthukile nezivuthiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sikakhonkolo kusetshenziswe kabanzi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, ekhombisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Nokho, kanye nalezi zimpumelelo, inkinga ye ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo liya ngokuya ligqama. Ukuba khona kwemifantu kuphazamisa ukusebenza kukakhonkolo, ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa yayo amandla aqinile, okuyisizathu esiyinhloko sokwehluleka okuqinile okuboniswa ukhonkolo. I-basalt fiber enqamulelayo, njenge-fiber material enoveli, isibe yinto enhle kakhulu yokuqinisa ukhonkolo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zemishini, ukuzinza okuhle, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko.Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezicini ze-short-cut I-Basalt Fiber futhi uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungokoqobo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni okuphathekayo.

2. Izakhiwo ze-Short-Cut Basalt Fiber

2.1 Incazelo

i-basalt fiber i-inorganic mineral fiber ecutshungulwa ngokusika i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo ibe ubude ngokuvamile obungaphansi $50\text{mm}$. Ingahlakazwa ngokufanayo ngaphakathi kokhonkolo. Ngokwesicelo sayo, ingahlukaniswa ngokuyinhloko ibe: i-anti-cracking fiber yokhonkolo ($\text{BF}$), ukuqina nokuqinisa i-fiber kakhonkolo ($\text{BZ}$), kanye ne-anti-cracking fiber yodaka ($\text{I-BSF}$), phakathi kwabanye.

2.2 Ukusebenza kwe I-Basalt Fiber ye-Short-Cut

Isinqamuleli i-basalt fiber inezinto ezinhle kakhulu ze amandla aphezulu futhi imoduli ephezulu. Amandla ayo aqinile angafinyelela $1050\text{-}1250\text{I-MPa}$, futhi i-modulus yayo yokunwebeka ayikho ngaphansi $34\text{I-GPa}$. Yakho ukumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu ivelele, ukuyivumela ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo phakathi kwezinga lokushisa elibanzi le −269∘C ku 650∘C. Ibonisa phezulu ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali emithonjeni ebolayo njengama-asidi, i-alkali, kanye nosawoti. Ikakhulukazi emithonjeni ye-alkaline njengesisombululo se-alkali esigcwele kanye usimende, izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamandla okuphuka kwefilamenti elilodwa likhulu kune $75\%$, okubonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwe-alkali. I-basalt fiber enqamulelayo unayo ukuhambisana okuhle nge-inorganic binders, izinga lokumunca umswakama elingaphansi $1\%$, futhi i-hygroscopicity yayo ayishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kufakazela ukuzinza kwayo okuhle kwempahla, impilo ende, kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le fibre nayo inezici ezinhle kakhulu ezifana nokufakwa kwe-insulation, ukuhlunga okunokushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nemisebe, kanye nekhono lokudlulisa amagagasi. Izinkomba zayo zokusebenza ziboniswa kuThebula 1.

3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesicelo Se-Short-Cut Basalt Fiber Kokhonkolo

Ukhonkolo oqinisiwe oqinisiwe we-basalt fiber kuhlanganisa ukufaka inani elithile le-basalt fiber enqunyiwe eqhubekayo noma engapheli kukhonkolo ngendlela efanele. Ngenkathi sigcina inzuzo yasekuqaleni yamandla okucindezela kakhonkolo, le ndlela ingathuthukisa ngokuphawulekayo yayo ubulukhuni futhi amandla aqinile, ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswe ngempumelelo nokuqinisa ukhonkolo nokwelula impilo yesevisi yesakhiwo sobunjiniyela.

Ngaphezu kwe i-basalt fiber, I-carbon fiber, ingilazi fiber, i-aramid fiber, kanti ezinye ziye zasetshenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa kukhonkolo. Nokho, umkhuba wesikhathi eside ukhombisa ukuthi lezi zinto zinikeza izindaba ezithile lapho zisetshenziswa kukhonkolo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe sikakhonkolo osebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuvela kwe-basalt fiber enqamulelayo kugcwalisa lesi sikhala ezintweni nezindlela, ukukhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kokuqinisa ukhonkolo nobuchwepheshe bokuqinisa. Indima yayo ekuqinisweni nasekuqiniseni okuphathekayo ibonakala ikakhulukazi kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. I-Crack Inhibition esebenzayo: Ngenxa yobuningi bayo kanye nezinzuzo zendawo engaphezulu, I-basalt fiber ene-short cut ingavimbela ngempumelelo imifantu emincane, ukuvimbela ukuxhumana nokwanda kwazo. Okwamanje, inqoba ububi beminye imicu yokwenziwa, njenge-low density, amandla aphansi we-tensile, kanye ne-elastic modulus ephansi. Ayidonswa kalula ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kokuqhekeka, okungavimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwama-micro-cracks futhi kubambezele ukukhiqizwa kwemifantu emisha, okuthinta kahle ukuthuthukiswa kokungena kukakhonkolo kanye nokumelana nokuncibilika kweqhwa.

2. Ihlanganisa I-Modulus Ephakeme Nokunethezeka Kokwakha: I-basalt fiber enqamulelayo ayigcini nje ngokunikeza izinzuzo ezifana ne-fiber fiber's high modulus namandla aphezulu e-single-filament tensile ukuvimbela ukwanda kokuqhekeka, kodwa futhi inqoba ngempumelelo izithiyo zensimbi yensimbi, njengokuqoqa kalula ngesikhathi sokuxuba kanye nobunzima ngokumpompa nokwakha.

3. Ukuhlakazeka Okuhle Nokuhambisana: Njenge-silicate-based inorganic fiber, i-basalt fiber eyisinqamuleli inokuhambisana kwemvelo nezinto zikasimende. Ukuminyana kwayo (approx. 2.63-2.80g/cm3) iseduze naleyo kakhonkolo nosimende, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuhle. Uma seyengeziwe, ingahlakaza ngokufanayo kuso sonke isakhiwo sikakhonkolo.

4. Ukuqina Okuhle Kakhulu: Ifayibha ye-basalt eguquliwe eguquliwe phansi ikhombisa izici "ze-inert fiber", ukukhombisa ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukugqwala, kanye nomthelela. Igcina ukuzinza ngisho nasezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu nezinokonakala kakhulu, futhi ingathuthukisa ukumelana ne-deformation ye-matrix ye-cement. Ngakho-ke, ingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo eziqinile zokuxuba ukhonkolo, ukuthela, isilungiselelo, nezigaba zesevisi, ngcono kakhulu ukuqina kakhonkolo.

Ngokufigqiwe, I-basalt fiber ene-short-cut ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana nomthelela kakhonkolo, kunciphisa ukuqina kwayo, futhi ithuthukise ngokuphelele izici zayo zemishini. Ngokuqondile, isebenza ezakhiweni zikakhonkolo ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka, vimbela ukugeleza kwamanzi, thuthukisa ukuqina, ngcono umthelela kanye namandla okuqina, futhi usize ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yendawo.

4. Izindlela Zokwakha kanye Nezinyathelo Zokuqaphela Ze-Short-Cut Basalt Fiber Concrete

4.1 Izinga Lokushisa Lokwakha

Ikhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber enqamulelayo kufanele yakhiwe emazingeni okushisa phakathi −5∘C futhi 25∘C. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu kakhulu noma aphansi kakhulu angaholela ekungafanini kwengxube.

4.2 Ukulawula Ikhwalithi Yokwakha

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi ye-short-cut basalt fiber ukwakhiwa kokhonkolo kufanele kugxile ekuhlolweni kwempahla eluhlaza, ukunemba kwemitha, kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokuxuba.

4.2.1 Idizayini ye-Mix Proportion

Ekwakhiweni kwangempela, imithamo ehlukene ye-basalt fiber enqamulelayo kufanele ikhethwe ngaphakathi kwebanga elifanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zephrojekthi. Njengoba i-basalt fiber enqamulelayo ngokwayo ayisebenzi ngamakhemikhali nezinye izinto zikakhonkolo noma izixube, umthamo wawo ngokuvamile awuguquli izimiso zokudizayina zengxenye yenhlanganisela kakhonkolo yasekuqaleni. Ngesikhathi kwakhiwa, ikhwalithi yazo zonke izinto ezisetshenziswayo kufanele inqunywe ngokuqinile ngokuya ngesilinganiso sengxube yokwakhiwa kanye nenani lenqwaba yengxube eyodwa. Ithebula lesi-2 linikeza isibonelo sengxenye yengxube efanele yekhonkrithi eqinisiwe ye-basalt fiber.

Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi umthamo wefayibha ephezulu awubangeli ngempela ukumelana nokuqhekeka okungcono. Lapho umthamo ingeqi 1.2kg/m3, amandla acindezelayo kakhonkolo abonisa inkambiso yokukhula kokuqala okulandelwa ukwehla (okubonisa inani eliphakeme) njengoba umthamo wefayibha ukhula.

4.2.2 Ukulandelana Kokudla kanye Nendlela

Ngesikhathi sokuhlanganisa, i-basalt fiber ene-short cut kufanele yengezwe kanyekanye nama-aggregates anjengesihlabathi namatshe. Kunconywa ukufafaza i-fiber ngendlela efanayo esihlabathini nasetsheni ngesikhathi sokubekwa, bese ufaka amanzi okuxuba okumanzi.

Izindlela zokwengeza i-fiber zingahlukaniswa zibe ukuphakela okwenziwa ngesandla nokuzenzakalelayo:

• Ukondla ngezandla: I-basalt fibre enesisindo yengezwa mathupha ngemuva kokuthi i-aggregate eshisayo ifakwe ku-mixer. Le ndlela ibandakanya umfutho wemisebenzi ephezulu, ukufana okuxubile okuphansi, futhi kudinga ukunwetshwa okufanele kwesikhathi sokuxuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuhlakazeka kwefayibha efanayo.

• Ukondla okuzenzakalelayo: Okuzenzakalelayo i-basalt fiber umshini wokukhipha umthamo usetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwengeza kanyekanye nenhlanganisela eshisayo ye-mixer. Umshini we-fiber dosing ngokuvamile ufakwe imitha ezenzakalelayo, ukuhlakazeka kwangaphambili, kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa umoya, enikeza izinzuzo ezilula, ngokushesha, kanye nokwengeza okunembile. Indlela efanele kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokwakha.

4.2.3 Ukulungiswa Kwe-Slump

Ukwengezwa kwe-fiber kukhulisa kancane i-viscosity yengxube kakhonkolo, okuthinta ukuwohloka. Uma ukuwohloka kungahlangabezani nezidingo zokwakha, i-plasticizer noma i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kufanele isetshenziswe ngokukhethekile ukulungisa. Udaba akufanele luxazululwe ngokukhuphula okuqukethwe kwamanzi.

4.2.4 Ukwakha kanye Nokwelapha

Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile ezikhona zokwenza ukhonkolo oxutshwe ne-short-cut basalt fiber, kodwa ukudlidliza nokuqina okwanele kufanele kuqinisekiswe. Izidingo zayo zokuphulukisa ziyefana nalezo zikakhonkolo ojwayelekile.

Ikesi lesicelo elifushane le-Short-Cut Basalt Fiber Concrete

I-Jing-Zhu Expressway (ingxenye ye-Anyang kuya ku-Xinxiang) iwuthelawayeka kazwelonke futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yemigwaqo esheshayo yeSifundazwe sase-Henan. Ngenxa yokugcwaliswa okuphezulu kwe-engeli kanye nekhwalithi yenhlabathi ephansi kulesi sigaba, nciphisa ukuxazululwa kokungalingani kanye nezinye iziphambeko zivele ngokushesha ngemva kokuvulwa kwayo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokukhuphuka kwenani lezimoto kanye nokwanda kwezimoto ezigcwele ngokweqile, i-pavement iye yahlushwa kaningi ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene njengokuqhekeka kwe-longitudinal kanye ne-transverse, imigodi, ukulungisa, ukuqhekeka kwegridi, kanye nokuqhekeka kwengwenya. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusongela kakhulu ukuphepha kokushayela kodwa futhi kubangela ubunzima obukhulu ekunakekeleni kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo wokuqala wemizila emine sekuyisikhathi eside uhluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba, okudinga ukunwetshwa nokwakhiwa kabusha.

Ikhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber enqamulelayo yasetshenziswa ekugcwaliseni i-subgrade yale phrojekthi. Ukuzijwayeza kukhombisile ukuthi amandla ayo okuqina akhuphuka ngokudlula $30\%$, ukumelana kwayo nokukhathala kuthuthuke ngokudlula $30\%$, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokubhodla kwanda ngokudlula $300\%$. Ibonise ukusebenza okuphawulekayo ekuvimbeleni imifantu ye-longitudinal, kuvimbela ukwanda kwemifantu, kanye nokwelula impilo yesevisi yendawo egandaywe.

Ngezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele zemishini, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko, i-short-cut basalt fiber isiphenduke into esebenza kahle yokuqinisa ukhonkolo. Amathemba okufaka isicelo sekhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber esinqunyiwe abanzi kakhulu. Izinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza konjiniyela kanye nokwelula impilo yesevisi kulindeleke ukuthi ziveze izinzuzo ezinhle zezomnotho nezenhlalo, ukuyibeka njengento ebalulekile yokwakha emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bomphakathi esikhathini esizayo.