Ukuthuthukiswa Kokusebenza kanye Nocwaningo Lokusebenza Kobunjiniyela lweKhonkrithi Eqinisiwe Ye-Basalt Fiber Efushane

Eminyakeni yakamuva,Ubunjiniyela bemigwaqo emikhulu baseShayina Ukwakhiwa ithuthuke ngokushesha, kanye nobuchwepheshe besakhiwo sekhonkrithi bufinyelele intuthuko enkulu, ukuqoqa impumelelo eminingi yobuchwepheshe ethuthukile nevuthiwe. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi kuye kwasetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokwakhiwa kwengqalasizinda, okubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Nokho, kanye nalezi mpumelelo, inkinga ye ukuqhekeka kukakhonkolo iya ngokuya ivelela. Ukuba khona kwemifantu kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa kakhulu amandla okudonsa, okuyimbangela eyinhloko yokwehluleka kokuqina okubonakala ngokhonkolo. I-basalt fiber emfushane eqoshiwe, njengezinto ezintsha zefayibha, isibe yinto enhle kakhulu yokuqinisa ukhonkolo ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zemishini, ukuzinza okuhle, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme.Lesi sihloko sizogxila ezicini zendlela emfushane I-Basalt Fiber futhi uhlole ukusetshenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni ukhonkolo.

2. Izakhiwo ze-Fiber ye-Basalt emfushane

2.1 Incazelo

i-basalt fiber iyi-fiber yamaminerali engaphili ecutshungulwa ngokusika i-fiber ye-basalt eqhubekayo ibe ubude obuvame ukuba ngaphansi kuka $50\text{mm}$. Ingasakazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi. Ngokusho kokusetshenziswa kwayo, ingahlukaniswa kakhulu ngalezi: ifayibha yokulwa nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi ($\text{I-BF}$), ukuqinisa nokuqinisa ifayibha yekhonkrithi ($\text{I-BZ}$), kanye nefayibha yokulwa nokuqhekeka kwe-mortar ($\text{I-BSF}$), phakathi kwabanye.

2.2 Ukusebenza kwe I-Fiber ye-Basalt Enqunyiwe Kafushane

Indlela emfushane i-basalt fiber inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ze amandla aphezulu futhi i-modulus ephezulu. Amandla ayo okuqina angafinyelela $1050\text{-}1250\text{I-MPa}$, futhi i-modulus yayo enwebekayo ayingaphansi kwe- $34\text{I-GPa}$. Kuyo ukumelana nokushisa okuphezulu kuyamangalisa, okuvumela ukuthi isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kobubanzi obukhulu bokushisa −269∘C ku- 650∘C. Kubonisa izinga eliphezulu ukumelana nokugqwala futhi ukuzinza kwamakhemikhali ezintweni ezigqwalisayo ezifana nama-asidi, ama-alkali, nosawoti. Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ze-alkaline njengesisombululo se-alkali esigcwele kanye nesamente, izinga layo lokugcina amandla okuphuka kwe-single-filament likhulu kune- $75\%$, okubonisa ukumelana okuhle kakhulu nokugqwala kwe-alkali. I-basalt fiber emfushane eqoshiwe ine ukuhambisana okuhle ngezihlanganisi ezingaphili, izinga lokumuncwa komswakama liphansi kune $1\%$, futhi i-hygroscopicity yayo ayishintshi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kufakazela ukuzinza kwayo okuhle kwezinto ezibonakalayo, isikhathi eside sokuphila, kanye nokuhambisana kwemvelo ngesikhathi sokusetshenziswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le fibre inezici ezinhle kakhulu njengokushisa, ukuhlunga okushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nemisebe, kanye nekhono lokudlulisa amaza. Izinkomba zayo zokusebenza ziboniswe kuThebula 1.

3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwesicelo Se-Fiber Ye-Basalt Efushane Ekhonkrithini

Ukhonkolo oluqiniswe ngefayibha ye-basalt olusikwe kafushane kuhilela ukufaka inani elithile le-basalt fiber eqhubekayo noma enganqamuki kukhonkrithi ngendlela efanele. Ngenkathi igcina inzuzo yokuqala yamandla okucindezela ekhonkrithi, le ndlela ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina futhi amandla okudonsa, ngaleyo ndlela kuqiniswa futhi kuqiniswe ukhonkolo ngempumelelo futhi kwandiswe impilo yenkonzo yesakhiwo sobunjiniyela.

Ngaphezu kwe i-basalt fiber, i-carbon fiber, i-fiber yengilazi, i-aramid fiber, kanti ezinye zisetshenziswe njengezinto zokuqinisa ukhonkolo. Nokho, Umkhuba wesikhathi eside ubonisa ukuthi lezi zinto ziveza izinkinga ezithile uma zisetshenziswa kukhonkolo, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nesidingo semakethe sekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu. Ukuvela kwe-basalt fiber emfushane kugcwalisa lesi sikhala ezintweni zokwakha kanye nezindlela, ukukhuthaza kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokuqinisa nokuqinisa ukhonkolo. Indima yayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni ukhonkolo ibonakala kakhulu kulezi zici ezilandelayo:

1. Ukuvimbela Okuphumelelayo Kokuqhekeka: Ngenxa yobuningi bayo kanye nezinzuzo zendawo engaphezulu, i-basalt fiber emfushane ingavimba ngempumelelo imifantu emincane, ukuvimbela ukuxhumana nokwanda kwazo. Okwamanje, inqoba ubuthakathaka bezinye izintambo zokwenziwa, njengokuxinana okuphansi, amandla aphansi okudonsa, kanye ne-modulus ephansi enwebekayo. Ayiqhekeki kalula ngesikhathi sokusabalala kwemifantu, okungavimbela kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa kwemifantu emincane futhi kubambezele ukukhiqizwa kwemifantu emisha, okunomthelela omuhle ekuthuthukisweni kokungena kwekhonkrithi kanye nokumelana nokuqandisa.

2. Ihlanganisa i-High Modulus kanye nokulula kokwakha: I-basalt fiber emfushane ayigcini nje ngokusebenzisa izinzuzo ezifana ne-modulus ephezulu ye-fiber yensimbi kanye namandla aphezulu okunamathelana kwe-single-filament ukuvimbela ukwanda kwemifantu, kodwa futhi inqoba ngempumelelo izinkinga zefayibha yensimbi, njengokulula ukuhlanganisa ngesikhathi sokuxuba kanye nobunzima bokupompa nokwakha.

3. Ukusabalala Okuhle Nokuhambisana: Njenge-fiber engaphili esuselwe ku-silicate, i-basalt fiber emfushane ihambisana ngokwemvelo nezinto ezisebenzisa ukhonkolo. Ubuningi bayo (cishe. 2.63-2.80g/cm3) kufana nokhonkolo kanye nodaka lwesimende, okuholela ekusebenzeni kahle. Uma sekungeziwe, ingasakazeka ngokulinganayo kulo lonke isakhiwo sekhonkrithi.

4. Ukuqina Okuhle Kakhulu: I-basalt fiber emfushane eguquliwe ebusweni ikhombisa izici "ze-fibre engasebenzi kahle", okubonisa ukumelana okuvelele namazinga okushisa aphezulu, ukugqwala, kanye nomthelela. Igcina ukuqina ngisho nasezindaweni ezinokushisa okuphezulu kanye nezingcolisa kakhulu, futhi kungathuthukisa ukumelana kokuguquguquka kwe-matrix yesimende. Ngakho-ke, ingazivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zokuxuba ukhonkolo, ukuthulula, ilungiselelo, kanye nezigaba zesevisi, ukuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuqina kokhonkolo.

Ngokufigqiwe, i-basalt fiber emfushane ingathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukumelana komthelela wekhonkrithi, kunciphisa ubuthakathaka bayo, futhi ithuthukise ngokuphelele izakhiwo zayo zemishini. Ngokuqondile, Isebenza ezakhiweni zekhonkrithi ukuvimbela ukuqhekeka, vimbela ukuvuza kwamanzi, thuthukisa ukuqina, ukuthuthukisa umthelela kanye nomthamo wokudonsa, futhi kusize ekuthuthukiseni ikhwalithi yobuso.

4. Izindlela Zokwakha Nezinyathelo Zokuqapha Zekhonkrithi Ye-Basalt Fiber Efushane Enqunyiwe

4.1 Izinga Lokushisa Lokwakha

Ikhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber emfushane kufanele yakhiwe emazingeni okushisa aphakathi −5∘C futhi 25∘C. Izinga lokushisa eliphakeme kakhulu noma eliphansi kakhulu lingaholela ekungalinganini kwengxube.

4.2 Ukulawulwa Kwekhwalithi Yokwakha

Ukulawulwa kwekhwalithi yokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber emfushane kufanele kugxile ekuhlolweni kwezinto zokusetshenziswa, ukunemba kokulinganisa, kanye nekhwalithi yenqubo yokuxuba.

4.2.1 Umklamo Wokulinganisa Okuxubile

Ekwakhiweni kwangempela, Imithamo ehlukene ye-basalt fiber emfushane kufanele ikhethwe ngaphakathi kobubanzi obufanele ngokusekelwe ezidingweni zephrojekthi. Njengoba i-basalt fiber emfushane ngokwayo ingasabeli ngamakhemikhali nezinye izingxenye zekhonkrithi noma izingxube, umthamo wayo ngokuvamile awushintshi izimiso zokuklama isilinganiso sokuhlanganiswa kokhonkolo kokuqala. Ngesikhathi sokwakha, ikhwalithi yazo zonke izinto kumele inqunywe ngokuqinile ngokwesilinganiso sengxube yokwakha kanye nenani leqoqo lengxube eyodwa. Ithebula 2 linikeza isibonelo sesilinganiso esihle kakhulu sokuxuba ukhonkolo oqiniswe nge-basalt fiber.

Ukuhlolwa kubonise ukuthi umthamo ophezulu wefayibha awuvezi ngempela ukumelana okungcono kokuqhekeka. Uma umthamo ungadluli 1.2kg/m3, Amandla okucindezela ekhonkrithi abonisa ukuthambekela kokukhula kokuqala okulandelwa ukwehla (okubonisa inani eliphakeme) njengoba umthamo wefayibha ukhuphuka.

4.2.2 Ukulandelana Kokudla kanye Nendlela Yokudla

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba, i-basalt fiber emfushane kufanele ifakwe kanyekanye nama-aggregates njengesihlabathi namatshe. Kunconywa ukufafaza i-fiber ngokulinganayo esihlabathini nasetsheni ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwayo, bese ufaka amanzi ukuze uxube ngamanzi.

Izindlela zokwengeza i-fiber zingahlukaniswa ngokudla okwenziwa ngesandla kanye nokudla okuzenzakalelayo:

• Ukondla Ngesandla: I-basalt fiber enesisindo ifakwa ngesandla ngemva kokuba i-hot aggregate ifakiwe ku-mixer. Le ndlela ihilela ukusebenza kanzima okukhulu, ukufana okuphansi kokuxuba, futhi kudinga isikhathi sokuxuba esifanele ukuqinisekisa ukusabalala kwefayibha okufanayo.

• Ukondla Okuzenzakalelayo: Okuzenzakalelayo i-basalt fiber Umshini wokulinganisa usetshenziselwa ukulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo kanye nokwengeza ngasikhathi sinye ne-hot aggregate yomxube. Umshini wokulinganisa ifayibha uvame ukuhlonyiswa ngokulinganisa okuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlakazeka kwangaphambilini, kanye nezindlela zokudlulisa umoya, enikeza izinzuzo zokulula, ngokushesha, kanye nokwengezwa okunembile. Indlela efanele kufanele ikhethwe ngokusekelwe ezimweni zokwakha.

4.2.3 Ukulungiswa Kokuwohloka

Ukwengezwa kwefayibha kwandisa kancane ukujiya kwengxube yekhonkrithi, okuthinta ukwehla. Uma ukuwa kungahlangabezani nezidingo zokwakha, i-plasticizer noma i-ejenti yokunciphisa amanzi kufanele isetshenziswe kangcono ekulungiseni. Inkinga akufanele ixazululwe ngokwandisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi.

4.2.4 Ukwakheka Nokuphulukisa

Azikho izidingo ezikhethekile zokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi exutshwe ne-basalt fiber emfushane, kodwa ukudlidliza nokuqina okwanele kumele kuqinisekiswe. Izidingo zayo zokulungisa ziyafana nezekhonkrithi evamile.

Icala Lokusebenza Elifushane Lekhonkrithi Ye-Basalt Fiber Efushane Enqunyiwe

I-Jing-Zhu Expressway (isigaba sase-Anyang kuya e-Xinxiang) iwumgwaqo omkhulu kazwelonke futhi iyingxenye ebalulekile yenethiwekhi yemigwaqo emikhulu yeSifundazwe saseHenan. Ngenxa yokugcwala okuphezulu kwe-embankment kanye nekhwalithi ephansi yenhlabathi kulesi sigaba, ukuhlaliswa okungalingani kanye nezinye izinkinga zavela ngokushesha ngemva kokuvulwa kwayo. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngokukhuphuka kwenani lezimoto kanye nokwanda kwezimoto ezigcwele ngokweqile, umgwaqo ubuye wahlushwa kaningi ngenxa yokukhubazeka okuhlukahlukene njengemifantu emide neyaphambeneyo, imigodi, isivumelwano, ukuqhekeka kwegridi, kanye nokuqhekeka kwengwenya. Lokhu akugcini nje ngokusongela ukuphepha kokushayela kodwa futhi kubangela ubunzima obukhulu ekunakekelweni kwansuku zonke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umklamo wokuqala onemizila emine sekuyisikhathi eside wehluleka ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba, okudinga ukunwetshwa nokwakhiwa kabusha.

Ukhonkolo we-basalt fiber osikiwe kafushane kwasetshenziswa ekugcwalisweni kwe-subgrade yale phrojekthi. Umkhuba ukhombisile ukuthi amandla ayo okudonsa anda ngaphezu kwe- $30\%$, ukumelana kwayo nokukhathala kuthuthuke ngaphezu kwesikhathi $30\%$, futhi ukumelana kwayo nokunyakaza kwanda ngaphezu kwesikhathi $300\%$. Kuye kwabonisa ukusebenza kahle okukhulu ekuvimbeleni imifantu emide, ukuvimbela ukwanda kwemifantu, kanye nokwandisa isikhathi senkonzo yalo mgwaqo.

Ngezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile zemishini, ukuzinza okuhle kakhulu, kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko eziphakeme, i-basalt fiber emfushane isibe yinto yokuqinisa ukhonkolo esebenza kahle. Amathemba okusetshenziswa kwekhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber emfushane abanzi kakhulu. Izinzuzo zayo ezibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kobunjiniyela kanye nokwandisa isikhathi senkonzo kulindeleke ukuthi zilethe izinzuzo ezinhle kwezomnotho nakwezenhlalo, ukuyibeka njengento ebalulekile yokwakha emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bezakhiwo esikhathini esizayo.