Izindaba

Njengoba iziteshi ze-5G zikhula kakhulu, ama-antenna efoni eba maningi, namanethiwekhi ekhebula le-fiber optic eba maningi, izidingo zezinto zokwakha imishini yokuxhumana ziyashintsha kusukela "ezanele" kuya "ezimbi kakhulu": ukulahlekelwa okuphansi kwe-dielectric, ukuvikela okuphezulu kwe-electromagnetic, ukwakheka okulula, kanye nokumelana nokuguga.
Ngenxa yezakhiwo ezifana ne-dielectric constant ephansi, ukuvikela kwemvelo, kanye nokumelana nesimo sezulu okuqinile, i-basalt fiber ithola indawo yayo ezingxenyeni eziyinhloko njenge-antenna yesiteshi sesisekelo, amalungu okuqina kwekhebula le-optical, kanye nama-radome. Esikhundleni sokususa izinto ezikhona, inikeza ibhalansi ephezulu yokusebenza kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezindleko kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezisheshayo nezimvamisa kakhulu.

Muva nje, ngemva kweminyaka eminingi yokunqoba izithiyo zobuchwepheshe, iWuhan Textile University iphumelele ukudonsa i-basalt eqinile yaba imicu emincane kunezinwele zomuntu futhi yazihlanganisa "namaSuits e-Basalt Dragon-Scale" akwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa angu-1300°C. Lokhu kuphumelela, okudonsele ukunaka kwamabhizinisi amakhulu ezindwangu, akugcini nje ngokubhekana nokushiyeka kokuvikela kwezingubo zomlilo zendabuko kodwa futhi kufeza ukusebenza okuphezulu ngentengo ephansi. Abameleli be-Wuhan Fire and Rescue Bureau basanda kuvakashela inyuvesi ukuyokhipha iqoqo lalezi zingubo. Lokhu kusungula izinto ezintsha akudonsele isithakazelo emabhizinisini endawo aseHubei kuphela kodwa nasezinkampanini eziningi ezihamba phambili zezindwangu ezweni lonke.

I-BFRP ifanele izakhiwo ezinomthwalo ophakathi kuya kophansi kuma-UAV amancane futhi inikeza inani lokusetshenziswa maqondana nokunciphisa isisindo, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokunciphisa ukuminyana/ukudlidliza; noma kunjalo, kufanele igwenywe ezindaweni ezidinga ukuqina okuphezulu. Uma ukuqina kungeyona into ebalulekile kodwa izindleko ziyiyo, i-BFRP inikeza ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko okungcono kakhulu kune-CFRP.

Kusukela kumafulegi kazwelonke e-basalt fiber avuleke ohlangothini olude lwenyanga kuya ezakhiweni eziyinhloko zamapulatifomu okufuya asolwandle olujulile, kanye nasezindaweni ezingaphansi kwemigwaqo emikhulu ezingaqhekeki, izinto ze-basalt ziye zagqama kokubili ezindaweni ezimbi kakhulu kanye namaphrojekthi obunjiniyela bansuku zonke ngenxa yokumelana kwazo okushisa okuphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nokusebenza kokulwa nokuguga.

Yakhiwe ukupholisa nokuqina kwe-magma ekujuleni koMhlaba, leli dwala lentaba-mlilo yemvelo libonisa izici 'eziqinile' ngemuva kokucutshungulwa ezidlula kude izinto ezivamile. Ngenxa yalokho, seliyinto ehlukile ekhethwayo emkhakheni wokukhiqiza osezingeni eliphezulu, ubunjiniyela bengqalasizinda, kanye nemikhakha yezindiza. Namuhla, sizohlukanisa amandla okusebenza kwezinto ze-basalt kuzo zonke izilinganiso ezintathu eziyinhloko ukuze siqonde kahle ukuthi yini eyenza iqine kangaka.

Amabhuloho awela ulwandle, izindawo zokugcina amanzi ajulile, amapulazi omoya asogwini lolwandle... Nakuba lawa "ma-giants amakhulu" akhiwe olwandle emuhle kakhulu ukuwabona, abekezelela "ukuhlukunyezwa okunonya" kwansuku zonke kokuguguleka kwamagagasi, ukugqwala kukasawoti kanye ne-alkali, kanye nemijikelezo eshintshana yomile noma emanzi. Endaweni enjalo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhiwo zekhonkrithi eziqinile zihlala zinjalo—zingenakho ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, noma ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi—sekuyisikhathi eside kuyinselele ekhathazayo emphakathini wobunjiniyela bomhlaba wonke.

Sekuyisikhathi eside, imicu yensimbi ivame ukufakwa kukhonkolo ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuqina nokuvimbela ukuqhekeka. Kodwa-ke, imicu yensimbi ivame ukungafaneleki ezimweni ezinzima zokufuthwa ngosawoti namanzi olwandle; uma ama-ion e-chloride engena emifantwini engaphakathi kukhonkolo, imicu yensimbi iyagqwala futhi ikhule ngobuningi, okubangela ukuthi ikhonkolo iqhekeke kusukela ngaphakathi kuya ngaphandle futhi kusheshiswe ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo.
Muva nje, ucwaningo olusha lwezinto ezibonakalayo olugxile ekuqineni okuphezulu kobunjiniyela basolwandle lunikeze ikhambi elithembisayo kakhulu: imicu ye-basalt—ekhiqizwa ngokudweba imicu edwaleni lemvelo lentaba-mlilo—ingasetshenziswa ukumboza ukhonkolo wasolwandle ngesendlalelo “sezikhali” ezingavikeleki ekugqwaleni. Lokhu kufezwa ngemodeli yokulinganisa enezikali eziningi equkethe inhlanganisela “yemicu emikhulu yokubopha kwesakhiwo” kanye “nemicu emincane yokuvala imigodi.”

Njengoba ama-drone edlula esibhakabhakeni ukuze aqaphe imililo yasendle, futhi amarobhothi ahlakaniphile enza imisebenzi ephindaphindwayo ngokunemba phansi efektri, ukusebenza kahle kwale mishini ehlakaniphile kuvame ukusekelwa "ukusekelwa okuqinile" okunganakwa kalula: into entsha ethathwe edwaleni lentaba-mlilo—i-basalt fiber. Nakuba ibukeka iphansi, izakhiwo zayo ezihlukile ziye zenza kwaba yisihluthulelo sokuvula imikhawulo yokusebenza kwama-drone namarobhothi, okwenza kube noshintsho lwezinto ngaphakathi kwemishini ehlakaniphile.

Ikhiqizwa ngokuncibilikisa idwala le-basalt lemvelo emazingeni okushisa asukela ku-1,450°C kuya ku-1,500°C bese ilidonsela emicu, le nto entsha engaphili inezinzuzo eziningi—kufaka phakathi amandla alula, ukumelana nesimo sezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala, kanye nobungane nemvelo—okwamanje okubangela inguquko yezinto ezibonakalayo embonini yama-drone kanye namarobhothi. Namuhla, ake sithole amakhono ayo afihliwe!

I-Basalt fiber iyinto engaphili eyenziwe nge-fiber ekhiqizwa ngokudonsa imicu kusuka ku-basalt ore yemvelo ngemuva kokuthi incibilikiswe emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Ithole ukunakwa kabanzi ngezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele ze-physicochemical - ikakhulukazi ukusebenza kwayo ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu. Okuphawulekayo ukuthi i-basalt fiber engamelani nokushisa okuphezulu - isigaba esincane esibalulekile sale nto - ikhombisa inani eliyingqayizivele ezinhlelweni eziningi ezidinga ukuqina ngokumelene nokushisa okukhulu.

Muva nje, ngokufezwa ngempumelelo kwezicelo ezinkulu—njengomsebenzi wokuhlola i-Chang'e-6 enyangeni kanye neplatifomu yokuqala yomhlaba ye-basalt fiber aquaculture—i-basalt fiber isheshisa ngokushesha ukuguqulwa kwayo kusuka emphumeleni wocwaningo lwelabhorethri ibe yinto entsha ehlakaniphile enomkhiqizo wezimboni obonakalayo. Inezinzuzo ezihlangene zokuba nobungane nemvelo, ingabi nekhabhoni eningi, ilula, inamandla aphezulu, imelana nesimo sezulu, futhi ivikele ukugqwala, i-basalt fiber manje—iqiniswa uhlelo oluphelele lokuqapha ikhwalithi kanye namazinga—ifinyelela impumelelo ekusetshenzisweni kwebanga lezindiza kanye nokuhweba okubanzi emikhakheni yabantu abavamile, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukisa ukuncintisana kwemboni iyonke.

Emphakathini wama-drone, i-carbon fiber ibilokhu ibhekwa njengendinganiso "yegolide elimnyama". Kodwa-ke, uma ukhathele yizindleko ezinkulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kwesignali ye-GPS, noma izingalo zohlaka eziqhekeka zibe uthuli lapho zishayisana, khona-ke "amandla edwala lentaba-mlilo" - i-Basalt Fiber - ashintsha imithetho yomdlalo buthule.
Ikakhulukazi, indwangu ye-basalt fiber engu-200gsm twill ayiyona nje into ethatha indawo ye-carbon fiber; imelela isinyathelo esibalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamafreyimu ama-drone amancane kuya kwaphakathi.

I-Basalt fiber iyi-filament eqhubekayo ekhiqizwa nge-basalt ore yemvelo; i-ore incibilika ekushiseni okuphezulu bese idonswa ngokushesha nge-platinum-rhodium alloy bushing. Umbala wayo uvame ukubonakala njengombala onsundu wegolide. I-Basalt ore ngokwayo iyidwala elivamile elakhiwe ngemva kokuqhuma kwezintaba-mlilo, futhi liningi ezindaweni ezigciniwe futhi lisakazeke kabanzi kulo lonke ungqimba loMhlaba. Ukuguqula leli tshe elivamile libe yi-fibre esebenza kahle kubonisa ubuhlakani besayensi yezinto zanamuhla.
Ngokuphathelene nokwakheka kwamakhemikhali, i-basalt fiber yakhiwa ngokuyinhloko ama-oxide—njenge-silicon dioxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide, ne-magnesium oxide—futhi ihlukaniswa njenge-silicate fiber. Inqubo yayo yokukhiqiza ibonakala ngokuba nobungane bayo nemvelo. I-basalt ore ishiswa ibe sesimweni esincibilikisiwe ngaphakathi kwezitofu zokushisa okuphezulu; kuyo yonke le nqubo, akukho ma-reagent amakhemikhali angeziwe, futhi akukho magesi angcolile ayingozi akhiqizwayo, kuyilapho i-slag ephumayo ingaphinde isetshenziswe futhi isetshenziswe. Uma iqhathaniswa nemicu ethile yokwenziwa edinga izinqubo zamakhemikhali eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze ilungiswe, inqubo yokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber ilula kakhulu futhi isebenzisa amandla amancane.
Izici zokusebenza kwe-basalt fiber ziwela phakathi kwalezo ze-fiber yengilazi enamandla aphezulu kanye ne-carbon fiber; ihlanganisa izakhiwo eziningi ezinhle kakhulu, ngaleyo ndlela ithole ukusetshenziswa okusebenzayo kuzo zonke izinkambu eziningi.