Uphuculo lokuSebenza kunye noPhando loBunjineli lweKhonkrithi eQinisekisiweyo yeBasalt Fiber eNcitshisiweyo emfutshane

Kule minyaka yangoku,Ubunjineli beendlela ezinkulu baseTshayina Ulwakhiwo iphuhlise ngokukhawuleza, kunye netekhnoloji yesakhiwo sekhonkrithi ifikelele kwinkqubela phambili ebalulekileyo, ukuqokelela impumelelo ezininzi zobugcisa eziphambili nezivuthiweyo. Uyilo lwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi lusetyenziswe kakhulu kwicandelo lokwakha iziseko zophuhliso, ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nezi mpumelelo, ingxaki ye ukuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi iya isiba yinto ephawulekayo ngakumbi. Ukubakho kweentanda kuphazamisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa kakhulu tensile strength, eyona nto iphambili ebangela ukonakala okubonakalayo yikhonkrithi. Ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe ngokufutshane, njengezinto ezintsha zefayibha, iye yaba yinto ebalaseleyo yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini, uzinzo oluhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwiimpawu zendlela emfutshane I-Basalt Fiber kwaye uphonononge ukusetyenziswa kwayo okusebenzayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni i-concrete.

2. Iimpawu zeFiber yeBasalt eNcitshisiweyo emfutshane

2.1 Inkcazo

ifayibha yebasalt yi-inorganic mineral fiber ecutshungulwa ngokusika i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo ibe bubude obungaphantsi $50\text{mm}$. Ingasasazwa ngokulinganayo ngaphakathi kwikhonkrithi. Ngokwesicelo sayo, inokwahlulwahlulwa ngokubanzi ibe: ifayibha elwa nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi ($\text{BF}$), ukuqinisa nokuqinisa ifayibha yekhonkrithi ($\text{I-BZ}$), kunye nefayibha echasene nokuqhekeka kwesamente ($\text{I-BSF}$), phakathi kwabanye.

2.2 Ukusebenza kwe I-Fiber yeBasalt eNcitshisiweyo emfutshane

Indlela emfutshane ifayibha yebasalt uneempawu ezintle kakhulu amandla aphezulu kwaye i-modulus ephezulu. Amandla ayo okuxinana anokufikelela $1050\text{-}1250\text{I-MPa}$, kwaye i-modulus yayo elastiki ayingaphantsi $34\text{I-GPa}$. Yayo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu iyamangalisa, ukuvumela ukuba isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi kobubanzi obubanzi bobushushu −269∘C ukuya 650∘C. Ibonisa umgangatho ophezulu ukumelana nokugqwala kwaye uzinzo lweekhemikhali kwiindawo ezirhabaxa ezifana nee-asidi, ii-alkali, kunye neetyuwa. Ingakumbi kwi-alkaline media efana nesisombululo se-alkali esigcweleyo kunye nesamente, izinga layo lokugcina amandla okuqhekeka kwe-single-filament likhulu kune $75\%$, ibonisa ukumelana okugqwesileyo nokugqwala kwe-alkali. Ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe ngokufutshane unayo ukuhambelana okuhle kunye nezibopheleli ezingaphiliyo, izinga lokufunxwa komswakama liphantsi kune $1\%$, kwaye i-hygroscopicity yayo ayitshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kubonisa uzinzo lwayo olufanelekileyo lwezinto, ubomi obude, kunye nokuhambelana nokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ngaphezu koko, le fiber ikwanazo neempawu ezintle ezifana nokugcina ubushushu, ukuhluza okushushu kakhulu, ukumelana nemitha, kunye nokukwazi ukudlulisa amaza. Izalathisi zayo zokusebenza ziboniswe kwiTheyibhile 1.

3. Uhlalutyo lweSicelo seFiber yeBasalt eNcitshisiweyo kwiKhonkrithi

Ikhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe ngokufutshane kubandakanya ukufaka ubungakanani obuthile befayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo okanye enganqumkiyo kwikhonkrithi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngelixa igcina inzuzo yokuqala yamandla okuxinwa kwekhonkrithi, le ndlela ingayiphucula kakhulu indlela esebenza ngayo ubulukhuni kwaye tensile strength, ngaloo ndlela kuqiniswa kwaye komelezwe ngempumelelo ikhonkrithi kwaye kwandiswe ubomi benkonzo yesakhiwo sobunjineli.

Ukwengeza kwi ifayibha yebasalt, ifayibha yekhabhoni, ifayibha yeglasi, ifayibha ye-aramid, kwaye ezinye zikwasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa kwikhonkrithi. Nangona kunjalo, Inkqubo yexesha elide ibonisa ukuba ezi zinto zineengxaki ezithile xa zisetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi, okwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zemarike zekhonkrithi esebenza kakuhle. Ukuvela kwefayibha ye-basalt enqunyulwe kancinci kuzalisa esi sikhewu kwizinto kunye neendlela, ikhuthaza kakhulu uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji yokuqinisa nokuqinisa ikhonkrithi. Indima yayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni ikhonkrithi ibonakala kakhulu kwezi zinto zilandelayo:

1. Ukuthintela okuSebenzayo kweCrack: Ngenxa yobungakanani bayo kunye neenzuzo zommandla womphezulu, ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci inokuthintela ngempumelelo ii-micro-cracks, ukuthintela unxibelelwano lwazo kunye nokwanda kwazo. Okwangoku, iyayoyisa imingcipheko yezinye iifayibha zokwenziwa, njengoxinano oluphantsi, amandla aphantsi okuxinana, kunye ne-modulus ethambileyo ephantsi. Ayitsalwa lula xa isasazeka ngeentanda, ezinokuthi zithintele kakhulu uphuhliso lwee-micro-cracks kwaye zilibazise ukuveliswa kwee-cracks ezintsha, ichaphazela kakuhle ukuphuculwa kokungena kwekhonkrithi kunye nokumelana nokunyibilika komkhenkce.

2. Idibanisa iModulus ephezulu kunye nokuLula koKwakha: I-basalt fiber enqunyulwe ngokufutshane ayisebenzisi nje kuphela iingenelo ezifana ne-modulus ephezulu ye-fiber yentsimbi kunye namandla aphezulu okuxinana kwe-single-filament ukuthintela ukwanda kwee-crack, kodwa ikwayoyisa ngempumelelo iingxaki zefayibha yentsimbi, njengokulula ukuhlanganisana ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nobunzima bokupompa nokwakha.

3. Ukusasazeka kakuhle kunye nokuhambelana: Njengefayibha engabonakaliyo esekwe kwi-silicate, ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci inokuhambelana kwendalo nezinto ezisebenzisa isamente. Uxinano lwayo (malunga 2.63-2.80g/cm3) iphantse yafana neyekhonkrithi yesamente kunye nodaka, okubangela ukuba isebenze kakuhle. Nje ukuba yongezwe, ingasasazeka ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke imo yekhonkrithi.

4. Ukuqina Okugqwesileyo: I-basalt fiber eguquliweyo emfutshane eguqulweyo phezu komhlaba ibonisa iimpawu "ze-fiber engasebenziyo", ebonisa ukumelana okubalaseleyo namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, ukugqwala, kunye nempembelelo. Igcina uzinzo nakwiindawo ezinobushushu obuphezulu nezinobuthi kakhulu, kwaye inokuphucula ukumelana nokuguqulwa kwe-matrix yesamente. Ngoko ke, inokukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezinzima zokuxuba i-concrete, ukuthulula, indawo, kunye nezigaba zenkonzo, iphucula kakhulu ukuqina yekhonkrithi.

Isishwankathelo, ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci inokuphucula ngempumelelo ukumelana nempembelelo yekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa ukubuthathaka kwayo, kwaye iphucule ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zayo zoomatshini. Ngokukodwa, Isebenza kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, thintela ukuvuza kwamanzi, phucula ukuqina, ukuphucula impembelelo kunye nomthamo wokutsalwa, kwaye kuncede ekuphuculeni umgangatho womphezulu.

4. Iindlela zokwakha kunye namanyathelo okhuseleko kwiConcrete yeBasalt Fiber eNcinciweyo

4.1 Ubushushu bokwakha

Ikhonkrithi yefayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci kufuneka yakhiwe kumaqondo obushushu aphakathi −5∘C kwaye 25∘C. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okanye aphantsi kakhulu anokubangela ukuba umxube ungalingani.

4.2 Ulawulo loMgangatho woLwakhiwo

Ulawulo lomgangatho wokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber emfutshane kufuneka lugxile ekuhlolweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuchaneka kokulinganisa, kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokuxuba.

4.2.1 Uyilo lweMix Proportion

Kwisakhiwo sokwenyani, Iidosi ezahlukeneyo zefayibha ye-basalt ezimfutshane kufuneka zikhethwe ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi. Ekubeni i-basalt fiber enqunyulwe kancinci ngokwayo ayisebenzi ngokweekhemikhali nezinye izinto zekhonkrithi okanye izinto ezixutyiweyo, Umlinganiselo wayo awusoloko utshintsha imigaqo yoyilo lomxube wekhonkrithi wokuqala. Ngexesha lokwakhiwa, Umgangatho wazo zonke izixhobo kufuneka umiselwe ngokungqongqo ngokwemilinganiselo yomxube wokwakha kunye nobungakanani bebhetshi yomxube omnye. Itheyibhile yesi-2 inika umzekelo womlinganiselo ofanelekileyo womxube wekhonkrithi eqinisiweyo yefayibha ye-basalt.

Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba idosi ephezulu yefayibha ayibangeli ukuba kubekho ukumelana okungcono kwee-crack. Xa idosi ingadluli 1.2kg/m3, Amandla okucinezela ekhonkrithi abonisa umkhwa wokunyuka kokuqala olandelwa kukwehla (kubonisa ixabiso eliphezulu) njengoko umthamo wefayibha usanda.

4.2.2 Ulandelelwano lokutya kunye nendlela yokwenza

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba, ifayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci kufuneka zongezwe ngaxeshanye kunye nezinto ezifana nesanti kunye namatye. Kucetyiswa ukuba ifayibha ifafazwe ngokulinganayo kwisanti nakwilitye ngexesha lokubekwa kwayo, uze wongeze amanzi ukuze uxube ngamanzi.

Iindlela zokongeza ifayibha zingahlulwahlulwa zibe kukutya ngesandla kunye nokondla ngokuzenzekelayo:

• Ukondla Ngesandla: I-basalt fiber elinganisiweyo yongezwa ngesandla emva kokuba i-hot aggregate ibekwe kwi-mixer. Le ndlela ibandakanya umsebenzi omninzi, ukuxubana okuncinci kakhulu, kwaye ifuna ulwandiso olufanelekileyo lwexesha lokuxuba ukuqinisekisa ukusasazeka kwefayibha ngokulinganayo.

• Ukondla ngokuzenzekelayo: I-othomathikhi ifayibha yebasalt Umatshini wokulinganisa usetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ngokuzenzekelayo kunye nokudibanisa ngaxeshanye ne-hot aggregate yomxube. Umatshini wokulinganisa ifayibha uhlala uxhotyiswe ngemitha ezenzekelayo, ukusasazwa kwangaphambili, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa umoya, enika iingenelo zokuba lula, ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokongezwa ngokuchanekileyo. Indlela efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwakha.

4.2.3 Uhlengahlengiso lokuwa

Ukongezwa kwefayibha kwandisa kancinci uburhabaxa bomxube wekhonkrithi, nto leyo echaphazela ukuhla komgangatho. Ukuba ukuwohloka akuhlangabezani neemfuno zokwakha, I-plasticizer okanye i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo xa kulungiswa. Le ngxaki ayifanele isonjululwe ngokwandisa umthamo wamanzi.

4.2.4 Ukwakhiwa kunye nokuPhiliswa

Akukho mfuneko ikhethekileyo yokwenza ikhonkrithi exutywe nefayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci, kodwa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukungcangcazela nokuxinana okwaneleyo. Iimfuneko zayo zokuthambisa ziyafana nezo zekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.

Ityala elifutshane lesicelo sekhonkrithi ye-basalt fibre efutshane

Indlela iJing-Zhu Expressway (icandelo lase-Anyang ukuya eXinxiang) yindlela enkulu yesizwe kwaye iyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lweendlela ezinkulu zePhondo laseHenan. Ngenxa yokuzaliswa okuphezulu kwe-embankment kunye nomgangatho ophantsi womhlaba ongaphantsi komhlaba kweli candelo, ukwahlulahlula ukungalingani kunye nezinye iziphene zavela emva nje kokuvulwa kwayo. Kule minyaka yangoku, ngokunyuka komthamo wezithuthi kunye nokwanda kwezithuthi ezigcwele kakhulu, indlela ebekwe ngayo ibekwe phantsi isoloko inengxaki yeziphene ezahlukeneyo ezifana nemingxunya emide nenqamlezileyo, imingxuma, isivumelwano, ukuqhekeka kwegridi, kunye nokuqhekeka kwengwenya. Oku akusongeli nje kuphela ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kodwa kukwabangela ubunzima obukhulu ekugcinweni kwemoto imihla ngemihla. Ngaphezu koko, uyilo lokuqala lweendlela ezine kudala lungaphumeleli ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho, okubangela ukuba kwandiswe kwaye kwakhiwe ngokutsha.

Ikhonkrithi yefayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe ngokufutshane isetyenzisiwe ekuzalisweni kwesakhiwo esingaphantsi kwesi projekthi. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba amandla ayo okuxinana anda ngaphezu kwe-100%. $30\%$, ukumelana kwayo nokudinwa kuphucuke ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-10 $30\%$, kwaye ukumelana kwayo nemigudu kwanda ngaphezu $300\%$. Ibonakalise ukusebenza kakuhle ekuthinteleni imifantu emide, ukuthintela ukwanda kweentanda, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yendlela.

Ngeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo zoomatshini, uzinzo oluhle kakhulu, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, I-basalt fiber enqunyulwe kancinci iye yaba yinto ephumelelayo yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi. Amathuba okusetyenziswa kwekhonkrithi yefayibha yebasalt enqunyulwe kancinci abanzi kakhulu. Iingenelo zayo ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kobunjineli kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo kulindeleke ukuba zivelise iingenelo ezilungileyo kwezoqoqosho nakwezentlalo, ukuyibeka njengesixhobo sokwakha esibalulekileyo kwicandelo lobunjineli bokwakha kwixesha elizayo.