UkuPhuculwa kokuSebenza kunye noPhando lweSicelo soBunjineli boMfutshane weBasalt Fiber-Reinforced Concrete

Kule minyaka yangoku,Ubunjineli bendlela yaseTshayina Ukwakhiwa ikhule ngokukhawuleza, kunye netekhnoloji yolwakhiwo lwekhonkrithi iphumelele inkqubela phambili enkulu, ukuqokelela impumelelo yobugcisa emininzi ephucukileyo. Uyilo lwesakhiwo sekhonkrithi sisetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwinkalo yolwakhiwo lweziseko ezingundoqo, ebonisa ukubaluleka kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, kunye nezi mpumelelo, ingxaki ye ukuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi iya iduma ngakumbi. Ubukho bokuqhekeka bubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, ngokuphawulekayo ukunciphisa yayo tensile strength, esona sizathu siphambili sokungaphumeleli okuncinci okubonakaliswe ngekhonkrithi. Ifayibha ye-basalt emfutshane emfutshane, njengento entsha yefiber, iye yaba yinto egqwesileyo yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa, uzinzo oluhle, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko.Eli nqaku liza kugxininisa kwiimpawu ze-short-cut IFayibha yeBasalt kunye nokuphonononga ukusetyenziswa kwayo okubonakalayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni okubambekayo.

2. Iipropati ze-Short-Cut ye-Basalt Fiber

2.1 Inkcazo

i-basalt fiber i-inorganic mineral fiber icutshungulwa ngokusika ifayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo ibe ngobude obungaphantsi $50\text{mm}$. Inokusasazwa ngokufanayo ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi. Ngokwesicelo sayo, ingahlelwa ikakhulu ibe: ifayibha echasene nokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi ($\text{BF}$), ukuqina kunye nokomeleza ifayibha kwikhonkrithi ($\text{BZ}$), kunye ne-anti-cracking fiber yodaka ($\text{BSF}$), phakathi kwabanye.

2.2 Ukusebenza kwe IFayibha yeBasalt emfutshane-Sika

Indlela emfutshane i-basalt fiber ineempawu ezigqwesileyo ze amandla aphezulu kwaye imodyuli ephezulu. Amandla ayo okuqina anokufikelela $1050\text{-}1250\text{MPa}$, kunye ne-elastic modulus yayo ayikho ngaphantsi kwe $34\text{GPA}$. Yalo ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu ibalasele, ukuyivumela ukuba isebenze ngokuqhubekayo ngaphakathi koluhlu olubanzi lobushushu −269∘C ukuya 650∘C. Ibonisa phezulu ukumelana nomhlwa kwaye ukuzinza kweekhemikhali kwimithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo njengeeasidi, ialkalis, kunye neetyuwa. Ngokukodwa kwimidiya yealkaline njengesisombululo sealkali egcweleyo kunye nesamente, Isantya sogcino samandla okuqhekeka komcu omnye mkhulu kunoko $75\%$, Ukubonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kumhlwa kwealkali. Ifayibha ye-basalt emfutshane emfutshane uye ukuhambelana kakuhle kunye nezibophelelo ze-inorganic, izinga lokufunxa ukufuma ngaphantsi $1\%$, kwaye i-hygroscopicity yayo ayitshintshi ngokuhamba kwexesha. Oku kubonakalisa ukuzinza kwayo kwezinto eziphathekayo, ubomi obude, kunye nokuhambelana kokusingqongileyo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Ngaphezu koko, olu fayibha lukwanazo iimpawu ezigqwesileyo ezifana nokugquma, ukuhluzwa kobushushu obuphezulu, ukumelana nemitha, kunye nekhono lokuhambisa amaza. Izalathiso zayo zokusebenza ziboniswe kwiThebhile yoku-1.

3. Uhlalutyo lwesicelo se-Short-Cut ye-Basalt Fiber kwi-Concrete

I-fiber ye-basalt eyomeleziweyo emfutshane eyomeleziweyo kubandakanya ukubandakanya inani elithile le-basalt fiber eqhubekayo okanye engapheliyo kwikhonkrithi ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ngelixa ugcina inzuzo yokuqala yamandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi, le ndlela inokuphucula kakhulu ubunzima kwaye tensile strength, ngoko ukuqinisa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokomeleza ikhonkrithi kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yesakhiwo sobunjineli.

Ukwengeza kwi i-basalt fiber, I-carbon fiber, Ifiber yeglasi, i-aramid fiber, kwaye ezinye ziye zasetyenziswa njengezinto zokuqinisa kwikhonkrithi. Nangona kunjalo, Uqheliselo lwexesha elide lubonisa ukuba ezi zixhobo zibonisa imiba ethile xa zisetyenziswa kwikhonkrithi, ukwenza kube nzima ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yemalike yekonkrithi esebenza kakhulu. Ukuvela kwefayibha ye-basalt enqamlekileyo igcwalisa le sithuba kwizinto kunye neendlela, ukukhuthaza kakhulu uphuhliso lwekhonkrithi yokomeleza kunye nokuqinisa iteknoloji. Indima yayo ekuqiniseni nasekuqiniseni izinto eziphathekayo ibonakaliswa ikakhulu kule miba ilandelayo:

1. I-Crack Inhibition esebenzayo: Ngenxa yobuninzi bayo kunye neenzuzo zendawo ephezulu, Ifayibha ye-basalt ene-short-cut cut inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo iintanda ezincinci, ukuthintela uxhulumaniso lwabo kunye nokwandiswa. Ngeli xesha, yoyisa izinto ezingeloncedo zezinye iintsinga ezenziweyo, njengokuxinana okuphantsi, amandla aphantsi, kunye ne-elastic modulus ephantsi. Ayitsalwa lula ngexesha lokusasazwa kokuqhekeka, enokuthi ithintele kakhulu uphuhliso lweecracks ezincinci kunye nokulibazisa ukuveliswa kweentanda ezintsha, ichaphazela kakuhle ukuphuculwa kokungena kwekhonkrithi kunye nokumelana nokunyibilika komkhenkce.

2. Idibanisa iModyuli ePhakamileyo kunye nokuLungela uKwakha: Ifayibha ye-basalt enqamlezileyo ayipheleli nje ekuzuzeni izibonelelo ezifana ne-modulus yentsimbi ephezulu kunye ne-filament-filament ephezulu yokuqina kwamandla okuthintela ukwandiswa kokuqhekeka, kodwa kwakhona yoyisa ngempumelelo imiqobo yefiber yensimbi, njengokugrumba lula ngexesha lokuxuba kunye nobunzima bokupompa kunye nokwakhiwa.

3. Ukuhlakazeka okuhle kunye nokuhambelana: Njengefiber esekwe kwi-silicate, I-fiber ye-basalt enqamlekileyo inokuhambelana kwendalo kunye nezixhobo ze-cementitious. Ubuninzi bayo (approx. 2.63-2.80g/cm3) ikufutshane naleyo yekhonkrithi yesamente nodaka; kukhokelela ekusebenzeni kakuhle. Kanye kongezwe, inokusasazeka ngokufanayo kwisakhiwo sekhonkrithi.

4. UkuGqibela okugqwesileyo: Ifayibha ye-basalt eguquguqukayo eguquguqukayo engaphezulu ibonakalisa iimpawu ze "inert fiber", ebonisa ukuxhathisa okubalaseleyo kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, umhlwa, kunye nefuthe. Igcina uzinzo nakwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu kunye nemekobume eyonakalisa kakhulu, kwaye inokuphucula ukuxhathisa kwe-deformation ye-matrix yesamente. Ngoko ke, iyakwazi ukuziqhelanisa nemekobume engqongqo yomxube wekhonkrithi, ukugalela, ukubeka, kunye nezigaba zenkonzo, ukuphucula kakhulu ukuqina yekhonkrithi.

Isishwankathelo, I-basalt fiber emfutshane inokuphucula ngokufanelekileyo ukuchasana kwempembelelo yekhonkrithi, ukunciphisa ukuqina kwayo, kunye nokuphucula ngokubanzi iimpawu zayo zomatshini. Ngokukodwa, isebenza kwizakhiwo zekhonkrithi ukuthintela ukuqhekeka, thintela ukuphuma kwamanzi, ukwandisa ukuqina, ukuphucula impembelelo kunye nokuqina kwamandla, kwaye uncede ukuphucula umgangatho womphezulu.

4. Iindlela zoKwakha kunye neZilumkiso ze-Short-Cut-Cut-Cut ye-Basalt Fiber Concrete

4.1 Ubushushu bokwakha

I-short-cut-cut-basalt fiber concrete kufuneka yakhiwe kumaqondo obushushu phakathi −5∘C kwaye 25∘C. Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu kakhulu okanye asezantsi kakhulu anokukhokelela ekungafaneni komxube.

4.2 ULawulo loMgangatho woKwakha

Ukulawulwa komgangatho wokwakhiwa kwekhonkrithi ye-basalt-cut-cut-cut-cut-fiber kufuneka kugxininise ekuhlolweni kwezinto eziluhlaza, ukuchaneka kwemitha, kunye nomgangatho wenkqubo yokuxuba.

4.2.1 UYilo loMlinganiselo wokuxuba

Kulwakhiwo oluyinyani, iidosi ezahlukeneyo ze-basalt fiber ezinqamlekileyo kufuneka zikhethwe ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi. Ekubeni i-basalt fiber enqamlekileyo ngokwayo ayisebenzi ngokwekhemikhali kunye nezinye izinto zekhonkrithi okanye izixube, Idosi yayo ayiguquli imigaqo yoyilo lomxube wekonkrithi wokuqala. Ngexesha lokwakha, umgangatho wezinto zonke kufuneka unqunywe ngokungqongqo ngokungqinelana nomxube wokwakha kunye nobuninzi bebhetshi yomxube omnye. Itheyibhile yesi-2 ibonelela ngomzekelo womlinganiselo ofanelekileyo wokuxuba kwi-basalt fiber eqinisiweyo ikhonkrithi.

Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba idosi yefayibha ephezulu ayibangeli ukuba kuxhathise ukuqhekeka okungcono. Xa umthamo ungadluli 1.2kg/m3, amandla oxinzelelo lwekhonkrithi abonisa umkhwa wokunyuka kokuqala okulandelwa kukuhla (ukubonisa ixabiso eliphezulu) njengoko idosi yefiber inyuka.

4.2.2 Ulandelelwano lokutyisa kunye neNdlela

Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuxuba, ifayibha ye-basalt emfutshane kufuneka zongezwe ngaxeshanye kunye nee-aggregates ezifana nesanti namatye. Kucetyiswa ukuba ufefe ifayibha ngokufanayo esantini nakwilitye ngexesha lokubekwa kwazo, kwaye emva koko wongeze amanzi okuxutywa okumanzi.

Iindlela zokongeza iifayibha zinokwahlulwa zibe yimanual kunye neyokutya okuzenzekelayo:

• Ukutyisa ngesandla: I-fiber ye-basalt elinganisiweyo yongezwa ngesandla emva kokuba i-aggregate eshushu ifakwe kwi-mixer. Le ndlela ibandakanya ukuxinana okuphezulu kwabasebenzi, ukufana okuphantsi kokuxuba, kwaye ifuna ukwandiswa okufanelekileyo kwexesha lokuxuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusasazeka kwefiber efanayo.

• Ukutya okuzenzekelayo: Okuzenzekelayo i-basalt fiber Umatshini wokudosa usetyenziselwa ukulinganisa okuzenzekelayo kunye nokudibanisa ngaxeshanye kunye ne-aggregate eshushu yomxube. Umatshini wokudosa ifayibha uhlala uxhotyiswe ngemitha ezenzekelayo, ukusasaza kwangaphambili, kunye neendlela zokuhambisa umoya, enikezela ngeenzuzo eziluncedo, ngokukhawuleza, kunye nokudibanisa ngokuchanekileyo. Indlela efanelekileyo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokwakha.

4.2.3 Uhlengahlengiso lweSlump

Ukongezwa kwefiber kancinane kwandisa i-viscosity yomxube wekhonkrithi, echaphazela ukudilika. Ukuba indawo edilikayo ayihlangabezani neemfuneko zokwakha, i-plasticizer okanye i-arhente yokunciphisa amanzi kufuneka isetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo ukulungiswa. Umba akufanele usonjululwe ngokunyusa umthamo wamanzi.

4.2.4 Ukubumba kunye nokuNyanga

Akukho mfuno zikhethekileyo zikhoyo zokwenza ikhonkrithi exutywe nefayibha ye-basalt emfutshane, kodwa kufuneka kuqinisekiswe ukungcangcazela nokuxinana okwaneleyo. Iimfuno zayo zokunyanga ziyafana nezo zekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo.

Ityala eliMfutshane leSicelo soMfutshane weBasalt Fiber Concrete

I-Jing-Zhu Expressway (i-Anyang ukuya kwi-Xinxiang icandelo) ngumgwaqo omkhulu wesizwe kunye nenxalenye ebalulekileyo yothungelwano lwendlela ye-Express yePhondo laseHenan. Ngenxa yokuzaliswa kodonga oluphezulu kunye nomgangatho ombi womhlaba ophantsi kweli candelo, Ukuthoba ukungalingani kunye nezinye iziphene zavela ngokukhawuleza emva kokuvulwa kwayo. Kule minyaka yangoku, kunye nokunyuka komthamo wezithuthi kunye nokwanda kwezithuthi ezigcwele kakhulu, Ipavumente iye yabandezeleka ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiziphene ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngeentanda ezinde kunye nezinqamlezayo, imingxuma, ukuhlaliswa, ukuqhekeka kwegridi, kunye nokuqhekeka kwengwenya. Oku akugcini nje ngokubeka emngciphekweni ukhuseleko lokuqhuba kodwa kubangela ubunzima obukhulu kulondolozo lwemihla ngemihla. Ngaphezu koko, uyilo lweendlela ezine zangaphambili kudala zasilela ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zezothutho, ifuna ukwandiswa nokwakhiwa ngokutsha.

Ikhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber emfutshane yasetyenziswa ekuzalisweni komgangatho ongaphantsi wale projekthi. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonise ukuba amandla ayo okuqina anyuke ngokungaphaya $30\%$, ukumelana kwayo nokudinwa kuphuculwe ngokudlula $30\%$, kwaye ukuxhathisa kwayo kwe-rutting kwanda ngokungaphezulu $300\%$. Ibonise ukusebenza okubalulekileyo ekuthinteleni iintanda ze-longitudinal, inqanda ukwanda kokuqhekeka, kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo yendlela yabahambi ngeenyawo.

Ngeempawu zayo ezizodwa zoomatshini, uzinzo olugqwesileyo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, I-fiber ye-basalt ye-short-cut-cut ibe yinto esebenzayo yokuqinisa ikhonkrithi. Amathuba okufaka isicelo kwi-short-cut-cut-basalt fiber concrete abanzi kakhulu. Iinzuzo zayo ezibalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kobunjineli kunye nokwandisa ubomi benkonzo kulindeleke ukuba zivelise izibonelelo ezilungileyo zoqoqosho nezentlalo, ukuyibeka njengento ebalulekileyo yokwakha kwinkalo yobunjineli boluntu kwixesha elizayo.