Ubushakashatsi ku mikorere myiza no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga kuri beto ngufi ya basalt ikoreshwa mu buryo buciriritse

Mu myaka ya vuba aha,Ubwubatsi bw'imihanda mu Bushinwa Ubwubatsi yateye imbere vuba, n'ikoranabuhanga mu miterere ya beto byageze ku ntambwe igaragara, kwegeranya byinshi mu byagezweho mu ikoranabuhanga bigezweho kandi bikuze. Igishushanyo mbonera cy'inyubako za beto cyakoreshejwe cyane mu bijyanye no kubaka ibikorwa remezo, kugaragaza akamaro kabyo. Ariko, hamwe n'ibi byagezweho, ikibazo cya gusatura sima iri kugenda irushaho kuba ikirangirire. Kuba hari imiyoboro ibangamira imikorere ya sima, cyane cyane kugabanya imbaraga zo gukurura, ari nayo mpamvu nyamukuru ituma beto inanirwa gukora neza. Fibre ya basalt ikatanywe mu buryo bugufi, nk'ibikoresho bishya bya fibre, yabaye ibikoresho byiza cyane byo gushimangira beto bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye ya mekanike, ituze ryiza, kandi ihendutse kandi ihendutse.Iyi nkuru izibanda ku biranga uburyo bwo kugabanya igihe Fibre ya Basalt kandi urebe uburyo ikoreshwa mu gushimangira no gushimangira beto.

2. Imiterere ya Fibre ya Basalt Ikozwe mu Gice Gito

2.1 Ibisobanuro

fibre ya basalt ni fibre y'ubutare idakora itunganywa hakoreshejwe guca fibre ya basalt ihoraho mo uburebure busanzwe buri munsi ya $50\text{mm}$. Ishobora gukwirakwizwa muri sima mu buryo bumwe. Dukurikije ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo, ishobora gushyirwa mu byiciro bikurikira: fibre irwanya uduce duto two gukoresha sima ($\text{BF}$), gushimangira no gukomeza fibre ya sima ($\text{BZ}$), n'imigozi irwanya gucika kw'ibirundo ($\text{BSF}$), n'abandi.

2.2 Imikorere ya Fiber ya Basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi

Uburyo bugufi fibre ya basalt afite imiterere myiza cyane ya imbaraga nyinshi na modulus nyinshi. Imbaraga zayo zo gukurura zishobora kugera $1050\text{-}1250\text{MPa}$, kandi moduli yayo yoroshye ntabwo iri munsi ya $34\text{GPa}$. Byayo kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinshi ni igitangaza, biyifasha gukora buri gihe mu bushyuhe bwinshi bwa −269∘C kuri 650∘C. Igaragaza neza cyane kurwanya ingese na guhagarara neza mu binyabutabire mu bintu byangiza umubiri nka aside, alkali, n'umunyu. Cyane cyane mu byuma bya alkaline nka alkali yuzuye na sima, imbaraga zayo zo kugabanya imvune imwe ni nyinshi kurusha $75\%$, bigaragaza neza kurwanya ingese ya alkali. Fibre ya basalt ikatanywe mu buryo bugufi ifite guhuza neza hamwe n'ibintu bifunga ibintu bidashingiye ku binyabuzima, igipimo cyo kwinjiza amazi kiri hasi ugereranyije $1\%$, kandi ubwiza bwayo ntibuhinduka uko igihe kigenda gihita. Ibi bigaragaza ko ari ibintu bihamye kandi bihamye, igihe kirekire cyo kubaho, n'uburyo ibidukikije bihuzwa mu gihe cyo kubikoresha. Byongeye kandi, iyi fibre ifite kandi imiterere myiza nko gukingira, kuyungurura hakoreshejwe ubushyuhe bwinshi, kurwanya imirasire, n'ubushobozi bwo kohereza imiraba. Ibipimo by'imikorere byayo bigaragazwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1.

3. Isesengura ry'ikoreshwa rya Fibre ya Basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi muri Beto

Beto ikozwe muri fibre ya basalt ikozwe muri sima ngufi bikubiyemo gushyiramo ingano runaka ya fibre ngufi ya basalt ihoraho cyangwa idakomeza muri beto mu buryo bukwiye. Nubwo igumana inyungu y'umwimerere y'imbaraga zo gukanda za beto, ubu buryo bushobora kunoza cyane gukomera na imbaraga zo gukurura, bityo bigashimangira no gukomeza sima neza kandi bikongera igihe cyo kuyikoresha mu buhanga.

Uretse fibre ya basalt, fibre ya karuboni, fibre y'ikirahure, fibre ya aramide, n'ibindi nabyo byakoreshejwe nk'ibikoresho byo gushimangira muri beto. Ariko, imyitozo y'igihe kirekire igaragaza ko ibi bikoresho bitanga ibibazo bimwe na bimwe iyo bishyizwe kuri beto, bigatuma bigorana guhaza ibyifuzo by'isoko bya sima ikora neza. Kugaragara kwa fibre ya basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi byuzuza iki cyuho mu bikoresho no mu buryo, guteza imbere cyane iterambere ry'ikoranabuhanga ryo gushimangira no gushimangira beto. Uruhare rwayo mu gushimangira no gushimangira beto rugaragarira ahanini muri ibi bikurikira:

1. Uburyo bwo gukumira udukoko mu buryo bufatika: Bitewe n'ubwinshi n'ibyiza byayo ku buso, fibre ya basalt ikatwa mu buryo bugufi ishobora gukumira neza uduce duto tw’imyanya, kubuza isano ryabyo no kwaguka. Hagati aho, iratsinda ibibi by'indi migozi ikoze mu buhanga, nk'ubucucike buke, imbaraga nke zo gukurura, n'uburyo bworoshye bwo gukaraba. Ntabwo byoroshye gukurwamo mu gihe cyo gukwirakwira kw'iminyururu, bishobora kubangamira cyane iterambere ry'udusimba duto kandi bigatinza ivuka ry'udusimba dushya, bigira ingaruka nziza ku kunoza uburyo beto ijya mu kirere no kurwanya gukonjesha.

2. Ihuza Modulus nini n'uburyo bworoshye bwo kubaka: Fibre ya basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi ntabwo ikoresha gusa ibyiza bisa n'iby'icyuma gifite modulus nyinshi hamwe n'imbaraga nyinshi zo gukurura fibre imwe kugira ngo ihagarike kwaguka kw'iminyururu, ariko kandi iratsinda neza imbogamizi za fibre y'icyuma, nko koroshya gukurura mu gihe cyo kuvanga no kugorana mu kupompa no kubaka.

3. Gukwirakwira no guhuza neza: Nk'umunyu ngugu ushingiye kuri silicate, Fibre ya basalt ikata mu buryo bugufi ifite uburyo karemano bwo guhuza n'ibikoresho bitera sima. Ubucucike bwayo (hafi 2.63-2.80g/cm3) hafi ya sima na sima, bigatuma habaho gukora neza. Iyo imaze kongerwaho, ishobora gukwirakwira neza mu buryo bumwe mu nyubako ya sima.

4. Kuramba neza cyane: Fibre ngufi ya basalt yahinduwe ku buso igaragaza imiterere ya "fibre idafite ishingiro", kugaragaza ubudahangarwa budasanzwe ku bushyuhe bwinshi, ingese, n'ingaruka. Igumana ubusugire ndetse no mu bidukikije birimo ubushyuhe bwinshi kandi byangiza cyane, kandi bishobora kongera ubudahangarwa bw'imiterere ya sima. Bityo rero, ishobora kwihuza n'ibidukikije bikomeye byo kuvanga beto, gusuka, imiterere, n'ibyiciro bya serivisi, kunoza cyane kuramba bya sima.

Muri make, fibre ya basalt ikatwa mu buryo bugufi ishobora kongera neza imbaraga zo kurwanya sima, kugabanya ububobere bwayo, no kunoza imiterere yabyo mu buryo bwuzuye. By'umwihariko, Ikora mu nyubako za beto kugira ngo ikumire gusenyuka, wirinde ko amazi asohoka, kongera igihe cyo kuramba, kunoza ingaruka n'ubushobozi bwo gukurura, kandi bigafasha kunoza ubwiza bw'ubuso.

4. Uburyo bwo kubaka n'uburyo bwo kwirinda gukoresha beto ya basalt fibre ikozwe mu buryo bwa "short-cut base"

4.1 Ubushyuhe bw'inyubako

Beto ya basalt fibre ikozwe mu buryo bugufi igomba kubakwa ku bushyuhe buri hagati ya −5∘C na 25∘C. Ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane cyangwa hasi cyane bushobora gutuma uruvange rudahinduka.

4.2 Igenzura ry'Ubuziranenge bw'Ubwubatsi

Igenzura ry’ubuziranenge ku bwubatsi bwa sima ya basalt ikozwe mu buryo bwa bugufi rigomba kwibanda ku igenzura ry’ibikoresho fatizo, uburyo bwo gupima neza, n'ubwiza bw'uburyo bwo kuvanga.

4.2.1 Igishushanyo mbonera cy'ibipimo bivanze

Mu bwubatsi nyabwo, Ibipimo bitandukanye bya fibre ya basalt by'igihe gito bigomba gutoranywa mu rugero rukwiye hashingiwe ku bisabwa mu mushinga. Kubera ko fibre ya basalt ikatanywe mu buryo bw'imiti ubwayo idakorana n'ibindi bice bya beto cyangwa ibintu bivanze, Ubusanzwe ingano yayo ntihindura amahame y’imiterere y’ibipimo by’imvange ya beto y’umwimerere. Mu gihe cyo kubaka, Ubwiza bw'ibikoresho byose bugomba kugenwa neza hakurikijwe igipimo cy'imvange y'ubwubatsi n'ingano y'imvange imwe. Imbonerahamwe ya 2 itanga urugero rw'uburyo bwiza bwo kuvanga sima ikoreshwa mu byuma bya basalt.

Ibizamini byagaragaje ko ingano y’ibinyabutabire byinshi idatuma habaho ubudahangarwa bwiza bw’ibinyabutabire. Iyo igipimo kitarenze 1.2kg/m3, Imbaraga zo gukanda za beto zigaragaza icyerekezo cyo kwiyongera kw'ibanze hagakurikiraho kugabanuka (bigaragaza agaciro gakomeye) uko ingano ya fibre yiyongera.

4.2.2 Uburyo bwo kugaburira n'uburyo bwo kubigaburira

Mu gihe cyo kuvanga, fibre ya basalt ikataguye bigomba kongerwa icyarimwe n'ibintu bivanze nk'umucanga n'amabuye. Ni byiza ko fibre ishyirwa mu musenyi n'amabuye mu gihe cyo kuyishyira mu mwanya wayo, hanyuma ushyiremo amazi yo kuvanga bitose.

Uburyo bwo kongeramo fibre bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kugaburira hakoreshejwe intoki n'uburyo bwo kugaburira mu buryo bwikora:

• Gugaburira n'intoki: Fibre ya basalt ipimwa yongerwamo n'intoki nyuma yo gushyiramo ifu ishyushye mu mvange. Ubu buryo busaba imbaraga nyinshi mu kazi, uburinganire buri hasi cyane bwo kuvanga, kandi bisaba kongererwa igihe gikwiye cyo kuvanga kugira ngo fibre ikwirakwizwe kimwe.

• Gutanga serivisi mu buryo bwikora: Porogaramu yikora ku buryo bwikora fibre ya basalt Imashini ipima ikoreshwa mu gupima mu buryo bwikora no kongeramo icyarimwe hamwe n'icyuma gishyushye cy'umuvangi. Imashini ipima fibre ubusanzwe ifite ibipimo byikora, mbere yo gukwirakwiza, n'uburyo bwo kohereza ibintu hakoreshejwe umwuka, gutanga ibyiza byorohereza abantu, vuba, n'inyongera ikwiye. Uburyo bukwiye bugomba guhitamo hashingiwe ku miterere y'ubwubatsi.

4.2.3 Guhindura uburyo bwo kugabanuka kw'amazi

Kongeramo fibre byongera gato ubukana bw'uruvange rwa beto, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku ihungabana. Iyo ihungabana ritubahirije ibisabwa mu bwubatsi, Igikoresho gikoresha pulasitiki cyangwa ikintu kigabanya amazi kigomba gukoreshwa cyane mu gukosora. Ikibazo ntikigomba gukemurwa no kongera ingano y'amazi.

4.2.4 Gutunganya no Gutunganya

Nta byangombwa byihariye bihari kugira ngo hakorwe sima ivanze na fibre ya basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi, ariko hagomba kubaho guhinda no gufungana bihagije. Ibisabwa mu gukonjesha kwayo ni bimwe n'ibyo ikenera kuri sima isanzwe.

Agasanduku k'ikoreshwa ry'imashini ngufi ya Basalt Fiber Beto

Umuhanda wa Jing-Zhu (igice cya Anyang kugeza Xinxiang) ni umuhanda munini w’igihugu kandi ni igice cy’ingenzi cy’imihanda minini y’Intara ya Henan. Bitewe n'uko inkombe zuzuye cyane n'ubuziranenge bw'ubutaka bwo hasi muri iki gice, Gukuraho ubusumbane mu kwishyurana n'izindi nenge zagaragaye nyuma gato y'uko ifunguwe. Mu myaka ya vuba aha, hamwe n'ubwiyongere bw'umuvuduko w'imodoka n'ubwiyongere bw'imodoka ziremereye cyane, Uruhanda rwagiye rugira ibibazo bitandukanye nko kwangirika kw'insinga zirebire n'izinyuranamo, ibinogo, ubwumvikane, gusenyuka k'urukuta, n'inguge yacitse. Ibi ntibibangamira cyane umutekano w'imodoka gusa, ahubwo binateza ingorane zikomeye mu kubungabunga imodoka buri munsi. Byongeye kandi, Igishushanyo mbonera cy’imihanda ine cyabanje cyananiwe guhaza ibyifuzo by’ubwikorezi, bikaba ngombwa kwagura no kongera kubaka.

Beto ya basalt ikozwe mu buryo bugufi byakoreshejwe mu kuzuza imiterere y'uyu mushinga. Imyitozo yagaragaje ko imbaraga zayo zo gukurura ziyongereyeho inshuro zirenga $30\%$, Ubudahangarwa bwayo bwo guhangana n'umunaniro bwariyongereyeho kurenga $30\%$, kandi ubushobozi bwayo bwo guhangana n'imitsi y'amaguru bwariyongereyeho ibirenze $300\%$. Byagaragaje ko bigira akamaro gakomeye mu gukumira uduce duto tw’imitsi, kubuza kwaguka kw'imikurire, no kongera igihe cyo gukora ku muhanda.

Hamwe n'imiterere yayo yihariye ya mekanike, ituze ryiza cyane, no gukoresha amafaranga menshi mu buryo buhendutse, fibre ya basalt ikata mu buryo bugufi yabaye ibikoresho bifasha cyane mu kongera imbaraga za beto. Ibyiza byo gukoresha beto ya basalt fibre yakoreshejwe mu buryo bugufi ni binini cyane. Ibyiza byayo bikomeye mu kongera imikorere y’ubuhanga no kongera igihe cyo gukora, byitezwe ko bizatanga inyungu nziza mu bukungu no mu mibereho myiza y’abaturage, kuyishyira mu mwanya wayo nk'ibikoresho by'ingenzi mu bwubatsi mu rwego rw'ubwubatsi mu gihe kizaza.