Izakhiwo Zemishini kanye Nezindlela Ezihlulekayo Zokhonkolo Oqiniswe Ifayibha: Umthelela Wohlobo Lwefayibha Nokuqukethwe

Ukhonkolo yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu Ukwakha impahla. Inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwayo kabanzi, inqubo yokukhiqiza elula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokusebenziseka kalula. Isetshenziswa kakhulu emikhakheni eyahlukene efana nezakhiwo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, imigudu, nobunjiniyela be-hydraulic. Njengoba inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi wobunjiniyela selithuthukile, izimfuno ekusebenzeni kukakhonkolo nazo ziye zanda kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushiyeka kukakhonkolo wendabuko, okufana namandla anganele aqinile, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okungekuhle, nokungaqini kwevolumu, sekuyabonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kukakhonkolo bekulokhu kungenye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zocwaningo kubunjiniyela bomphakathi.

Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kukakhonkolo, amafayibha ngokuvamile ayengezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zawo zemishini nokuqina. Izibonelo zihlanganisa I-Fibre yensimbis (SF), imicu yokwenziwa (njengemicu ye-polypropylene), imicu yamaminerali (njengemicu ye-basalt - BF), kanye ne-carbon fibers (CF). Le ndlela ithuthukise ukusebenza kukakhonkolo osebenza kahle kakhulu (HPC) kanye nokhonkolo osezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu (UHPC).

Amafayibha angakwazi, ngokwezinga elithile, ukuthuthukisa izakhiwo zemishini zikakhonkolo. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo zefayibha ezihlukene nokuqukethwe kuholela ekwahlukeni okuphawulekayo kumthelela wazo ezimpahleni zikakhonkolo zemishini. Njengamanje, okuqukethwe kwefayibha efanelekile, ubudlelwano bobuningi phakathi kwemingcele efanele kanye nezakhiwo zemishini, kanye nezindlela eziyisisekelo zikakhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha zisadinga ukucaciswa okwengeziwe. Lolu cwaningo luphenya nge-carbon fibers (CF), imicu ye-basalt (BF), nama-steel fibers (SF) njengezifundo zocwaningo, ukulungisa ama-specimens okhonkolo anokuqukethwe kwefayibha ehlukahlukene. Le micu ikhethwe ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza okubhalwe kahle kukhonkolo kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi. Ngokuhlolwa okuguquguqukayo okulawulwayo, imiphumela yohlobo lwefayibha nokuqukethwe kumandla okucindezela, i-elastic modulus, kanye nemodi yokwehluleka kukakhonkolo kwahlaziywa ngokuhlelekile. Ukuhlanganisa isithombe sedijithali kanye nezindlela zokuhlaziya i-electron microscopy (SEM), ukuziphatha kokuguquguquka kokuqhekeka kukakhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabonwa, okuholela eziphethweni ezilandelayo:

1.Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ojwayelekile (i-PC), ukufakwa kwemicu yensimbi (SF), i-carbon fibers (CF), kanye imicu ye-basalt (BF) ithuthukise kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini kakhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha (FRC) futhi yashintsha imodi yayo yokwehluleka. Le micu yashintsha ukubumbana kukakhonkolo kanye nezici zokuqala zokuminya kwezimbotshana. Njengoba okuqukethwe kwe-fiber kwanda, imodi yokwehluleka yashintsha isuka ku-brittle yaba i-ductile. Iphuzu loshintsho elibalulekile lalingu-0.5% likakhonkolo wefayibha yensimbi (SFC) kanye no-1.0% kukho kokubili ikhonkolo ye-carbon fibre (CFC) kanye ne-basalt fiber concrete (BFC). Ukuze kwandiswe ukusebenza kwemishini, okuqukethwe okufanele kwamafayibha ensimbi kwakungu-2.0%, kumafiber ekhabhoni angu-1.0%, kanye ne-basalt fibers 0.5%.

2.Nakuba okuqukethwe kwefayibha kungathuthukisa ukubumbana kanye namandla okuthwala kakhonkolo, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kungaholela esimweni "sokugcwalisa", okubangela i-fiber "agglomeration." Lokhu kuba nomthelela omubi ezintweni ezibonakalayo zikakhonkolo, amandla, kanye nezici zokuguga. Ukhonkolo we-fiber yensimbi uzuze ukusebenza kahle engxenyeni yevolumu ye-fiber engu-2.0%, kuyilapho ukhonkolo we-carbon fiber kanye ne-basalt fiber concrete zifinyelele ukusebenza kwazo okuphezulu ku-1.0% no-0.5%, ngokulandelana. Ngale kwalokhu okuqukethwe okuhle, ukusebenza kwehlile.

3.I-Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) ukuhlaziywa kwembula ukuthi isibopho esiphakathi kobuso phakathi kwemicu kanye ne-cementitious matrix ithonya kakhulu izici zemishini ye-macroscopic kakhonkolo. Inani elifanele lamafayibha lakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esiminyene sezinhlangothi ezintathu ngaphakathi kokhonkolo, okuthuthukisa uxhumo lwe-matrix kanye nokusebenza kukonke. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwefayibha ephezulu ngokweqile kuholela ekuhlanganisweni kwefayibha, okudala izindawo ezibuthakathaka ezihlanganisa ubuso nokunciphisa ukuminyana namandla kakhonkolo. Izinguquko ku-microstructure zazihambisana kakhulu nokuvela kwezakhiwo zemishini ye-macroscopic.

I-4.Ukwengezwa kwamafayibha kwashintsha kakhulu imodi yokuhluleka kokhonkolo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ongenalutho, ukhonkolo oqiniswe ngefayibha ubonisa ubuqotho obuphezulu bangemva kokwehluleka, nokuqhekeka okumbalwa nokuncane, nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe. Imicu yensimbi yayisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni ukuqhekeka, kulandelwa imicu ye-carbon nemicu ye-basalt. "Umphumela wokuvala ibhuloho" wamafayibha udlale indima ebalulekile ekucindezeleni ukusakazeka kokuqhekeka, kuyilapho "umphumela wokusebenzelana obuthakathaka" ube nomthelela ongemuhle ezicini zemishini.