Izakhiwo Zemishini kanye Nezindlela Zokwehluleka Kwekhonkrithi Eqiniswe Nge-Fiber: Ithonya Lohlobo Lwe-Fiber Nokuqukethwe
Ukhonkolo yiwona osetshenziswa kakhulu Ukwakhiwa izinto zokwakha. Inikeza izinzuzo eziningi, okuhlanganisa ukutholakala kwayo kabanzi, inqubo yokukhiqiza elula, izindleko eziphansi, kanye nokulula kokusetshenziswa. Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene njengezakhiwo, imigwaqo, amabhuloho, imigudu, kanye nobunjiniyela be-hydraulic. Njengoba inani elikhulu lamaphrojekthi obunjiniyela liye lathuthuka, izidingo zokusebenza kwekhonkrithi nazo ziye zanda kancane kancane. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushiyeka kwekhonkrithi yendabuko, njengokuqina okunganele kokucindezelwa, ukumelana nokuqhekeka okungekuhle, kanye nokungazinzi komthamo, kuye kwabonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi kuye kwaba njalo enye yezinkomba ezibalulekile zocwaningo kubunjiniyela bezokwakha.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi, imicu ivame ukungezwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo zayo zomshini kanye nokuqina kwayo. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi: I-Fiber Yensimbis (SF), imicu yokwenziwa (njengemicu ye-polypropylene), imicu yamaminerali (njengemicu ye-basalt - BF), kanye nemicu ye-carbon (CF). Le ndlela ithuthukise kakhulu ukusebenza kwekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu (HPC) kanye nekhonkrithi esebenza kahle kakhulu (UHPC).
Imicu, ngezinga elithile, ingathuthukisa izakhiwo zekhonkrithi. Kodwa-ke, izinhlobo ezahlukene zefayibha kanye nokuqukethwe kwayo ngokungenakugwenywa kuholela ekushintsheni okukhulu emthonjeni wayo ezimpahleni zekhonkrithi. Njengamanje, okuqukethwe kwefayibha okuhle kakhulu, ubudlelwano obulinganiselwe phakathi kwamapharamitha afanele kanye nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, kanye nezindlela eziyisisekelo zekhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha kusadinga ukucaciswa okwengeziwe. Lolu cwaningo luhlolisise imicu yekhabhoni (CF), imicu ye-basalt (BF), kanye nemicu yensimbi (SF) njengezihloko zocwaningo, belungiselela amasampula ekhonkrithi anokuqukethwe kwefayibha okuhlukahlukene. Le micu yakhethwa ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kokusebenza kwayo okubhalwe kahle kukhonkrithi kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi. Ngokusebenzisa izivivinyo eziguquguqukayo ezilawulwayo, imiphumela yohlobo lwefayibha kanye nokuqukethwe emandleni okucindezela, i-elastic modulus, kanye nemodi yokwehluleka kwekhonkrithi yahlaziywa ngokuhlelekile. Kuhlanganiswe amasu okuhlaziya isithombe sedijithali kanye ne-scanning electron microscopy (SEM), ukuziphatha kokuqhekeka kwekhonkrithi eqiniswe yifayibha ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabonwa, okwaholela eziphethweni ezilandelayo:
1. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokhonkolo ojwayelekile (PC), ukufakwa kwemicu yensimbi (SF), imicu yekhabhoni (CF), kanye imicu ye-basalt (BF) yathuthukisa kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini zekhonkrithi eqiniswe nge-fiber (FRC) futhi yashintsha imodi yayo yokuhluleka. Lezi zindwangu zashintsha ukuqina kwekhonkrithi kanye nezici zokuqala zokucindezela imbobo. Njengoba okuqukethwe yi-fiber kwanda, imodi yokuhluleka yashintsha kusukela ekuqhekekeni kuya ekuqhekekeni. Iphuzu elibalulekile lokushintsha kwakungu-0.5% wekhonkrithi yensimbi (SFC) kanye no-1.0% wekhonkrithi ye-carbon fiber (CFC) kanye nekhonkrithi ye-basalt fiber (BFC). Ukuze kukhuliswe ukusebenza kwemishini, okuqukethwe okuhle kakhulu kwezintambo zensimbi kwakungu-2.0%, kwezintambo ze-carbon 1.0%, kanye nezintambo ze-basalt 0.5%.
2. Nakuba okuqukethwe yifayibha kungathuthukisa ukuqina kanye nomthamo wokuthwala wekhonkrithi, okuqukethwe okuphezulu kakhulu kungaholela esimweni "sokugcwala", okubangela "ukuhlangana kwefayibha." Lokhu kuthinta kabi izakhiwo zomzimba zekhonkrithi, amandla, kanye nezici zokuguquka. Ikhonkrithi yefayibha yensimbi ifinyelele ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu engxenyeni yevolumu yefayibha engu-2.0%, kuyilapho ikhonkrithi yefayibha yekhabhoni kanye nekhonkrithi yefayibha ye-basalt ifinyelele ukusebenza kwayo okuhle kakhulu ku-1.0% kanye no-0.5%, ngokulandelana. Ngaphandle kwalokhu okuqukethwe okuhle kakhulu, ukusebenza kwehla.
3. Ukuhlaziywa kwe-Scenaring Electron Microscopy (SEM) kwembule ukuthi isibopho sokuxhumana phakathi kwemicu kanye ne-cementitious matrix sithonya kakhulu izakhiwo ze-macroscopic mechanical zekhonkrithi. Inani elifanele lemicu lakha isakhiwo senethiwekhi esinobukhulu obuthathu ngaphakathi kwekhonkrithi, okuthuthukisa ukuxhumana kwe-matrix kanye nokusebenza kwayo yonke indawo. Kodwa-ke, okuqukethwe kwe-fiber ephezulu kakhulu kuholela ekuhlanganiseni kwe-fiber, okudala izifunda ezibuthakathaka ze-interfacial futhi kunciphisa ubuningi namandla ekhonkrithi. Izinguquko ezakhiweni ze-microfacial zazihambisana kakhulu nokuvela kwezakhiwo ze-macroscopic mechanical.
4. Ukwengezwa kwemicu kwashintsha kakhulu indlela yokuhluleka kwekhonkrithi. Uma kuqhathaniswa nekhonkrithi engenalutho, ikhonkrithi eqiniswe ngefayibha ibonise ubuqotho obuphezulu ngemva kokwehluleka, inemifantu embalwa futhi emincane, kanye nokuqina okuthuthukisiwe. Imicu yensimbi yayisebenza kahle kakhulu ekuvimbeleni imifantu, ilandelwa imifantu yekhabhoni kanye nemifantu ye-basalt. "Umphumela wokubopha" wemifantu udlale indima ebalulekile ekucindezeleni ukusabalala kwemifantu, kuyilapho "umphumela wokuxhumana obuthakathaka" waba nomthelela omubi ezimpahleni zemishini.
