Imiterere ya tekiniki n'uburyo bwo gutsindwa kwa beto ishyigikiwe na fibre: Ingaruka z'ubwoko bwa fibre n'ibirimo

Beto niyo ikoreshwa cyane Ubwubatsi Ibikoresho. Bitanga ibyiza byinshi, birimo kuboneka ahantu henshi, uburyo bworoshye bwo gukora, ikiguzi gito, no koroshya ikoreshwa. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nzego zitandukanye nko mu nyubako, imihanda, ibiraro, imiyoboro y'amazi, n'ubuhanga bwa hydraulic. Uko imishinga myinshi y'ubuhanga yateraga imbere, ibisabwa ku mikorere ya beto nabyo byagiye byiyongera buhoro buhoro. Kubera iyo mpamvu, inenge za beto gakondo, nko kudakomera bihagije, kudakomera neza, no kudahindagurika kw'ingano, byagiye bigaragara. Kubwibyo, kunoza imikorere ya beto byakomeje kuba kimwe mu byerekezo by'ingenzi by'ubushakashatsi mu buhanga bw'ubwubatsi.

Kugira ngo beto yongere imikorere yayo, ubusanzwe insinga zongerwamo kugira ngo zongere imiterere yayo n'ubukomere bwayo. Ingero zirimo: Fibre y'icyumas (SF), imigozi ya sintetike (nk'imigozi ya polypropylene), imigozi y'ubutare (nk'imigozi ya basalt - BF), n'imigozi ya karuboni (CF). Ubu buryo bwarushijeho kongera imikorere ya beto ifite imikorere myiza (HPC) na beto ifite imikorere myiza cyane (UHPC).

Fibre zishobora, ku rugero runaka, kunoza imiterere ya sima. Ariko, ubwoko butandukanye bwa fibre n'ibirimo byayo ntibibuza ko bitera impinduka zikomeye mu ngaruka zabyo ku miterere ya sima. Muri iki gihe, ingano nziza ya fibre, isano iri hagati y'ibipimo bifatika n'imiterere ya sima, hamwe n'uburyo bw'ibanze bwa sima ishyigikiwe na fibre biracyakeneye ibisobanuro birambuye. Ubu bushakashatsi bwasuzumye fibre za karuboni (CF), insinga za basalt (BF), n'imigozi y'icyuma (SF) nk'ibyigwa by'ubushakashatsi, bitegura ingero za beto zifite ibintu bitandukanye bya fibre. Izi fibre zatoranyijwe bitewe nuko zagaragaje ko zikora neza muri beto no gukoreshwa mu buryo bukwirakwira. Binyuze mu bushakashatsi bugenzurwa, ingaruka z'ubwoko bwa fibre n'ibirimo ku mbaraga zo gukanda, modulus ya elastic, n'uburyo bwa failure bwa beto byasesenguwe neza. Hakoreshejwe ubuhanga bwo gusesengura amashusho ya digitale na scanning electron microscopy (SEM), imyitwarire y'impinduka za beto ya fibre-reinforced beto mu gihe cy'igerageza yagaragaye, bituma hafatwa imyanzuro ikurikira:

1. Ugereranije na beto isanzwe (PC), ikoreshwa ry'imigozi y'icyuma (SF), imigozi ya karuboni (CF), na insinga za basalt (BF) yongereye cyane imiterere ya sima ishyigikiwe na fibre (FRC) kandi yahinduye uburyo yangiritse. Izi fibre zahinduye uburyo yangiritse na imiterere ya mbere ya sima. Uko fibre yagendaga yiyongera, uburyo yangiritse bwavuye ku gucika intege bujya ku gucika intege. Aho byagombaga guhinduka cyane ni 0.5% kuri sima y'icyuma (SFC) na 1.0% kuri sima ya fibre ya karuboni (CFC) na sima ya fibre ya basalt (BFC). Kugira ngo imikorere ya sima irusheho kuba myiza, ingano nziza y'imigozi y'icyuma yari 2.0%, kuri fibre ya karuboni 1.0%, no kuri fibre ya basalt 0.5%.

2. Nubwo ingano ya fibre ishobora kongera ubushobozi bwo gufata beto no kuyitwara, ingano nyinshi cyane ishobora gutera ikibazo cyo "kuzura", bigatera "guteranya fibre". Ibi bigira ingaruka mbi ku miterere ya beto, imbaraga zayo, n'imiterere yayo yo guhinduka. Beto ya fibre y'icyuma yagize imikorere myiza ku gipimo cya fibre cya 2.0%, mu gihe beto ya fibre ya karuboni na beto ya fibre ya basalt byageze ku mikorere myiza ku kigero cya 1.0% na 0.5%. Uretse ibi bipimo byiza, imikorere yaragabanutse.

3. Isesengura rya Electron Microscopy (SEM) ryagaragaje ko isano iri hagati y’imigozi na matrix ya sima igira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya sima ya macroscopic. Ingano ikwiye y’imigozi ikora imiterere y’urusobe rw’imirongo itatu muri sima, bikongera uburyo matrix ihuriramo n’imikorere yayo muri rusange. Ariko, fibre nyinshi cyane zituma fibre ihurira, bigatuma uturere duto tw’imigozi duto duto kandi bikagabanya ubucucike n’imbaraga bya sima. Impinduka mu miterere ya mikorosikopi zari zijyanye cyane n’impinduka mu miterere ya macroscopic.

4. Kongeramo imigozi byahinduye cyane uburyo bwa sima yangiritse. Ugereranyije na sima isanzwe, sima yashyizwemo imigozi yagaragaje ubuziranenge bwo hejuru nyuma yo kwangirika, ifite imiyoboro mike kandi ifunganye, kandi irushaho gukomera. Imigozi y'icyuma yagize akamaro cyane mu gukumira imiyoboro, hagakurikiraho imigozi ya karuboni n'imigozi ya basalt. "Ingaruka zo guhuza imigozi" yagize uruhare runini mu gukumira ikwirakwira ry'imiyoboro, mu gihe "ingaruka zo guhuza imiyoboro mito" zagize ingaruka mbi ku miterere y'imashini.