Nhau

Munzvimbo yakakura yesainzi yezvinhu, kune mhando yakasiyana yezvinhu zvefayibha—iyo isina kuberekwa nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari kwakaoma, asi yakabva zvakananga kubva kumatombo ekare akaoma: basalt. Zvinhu izvi ibasalt fiber—fayibha isingasanganisike inoshanda zvakanyanya, nekuda kwemavambo ayo akasiyana uye hunhu hwayo hwakakwana, iri kubuda chinyararire semutambi ane mukurumbira muzvikamu zvakawanda zvemaindasitiri.

Tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti chii. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, basalt fiber ifiber inogadzirwa nesimbi yebasalt ore yechisikigo sechinhu chemhando yepamusoro; mushure mekunyunguduka kwekupisa kwakanyanya, inokweverwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza neplatinum-rhodium alloy bushings. Zvinhu zvayo zvekugadzira zvakawanda uye zvinowanikwa kwese kwese pasi rose. Chaizvoizvo, ifiber yechisikigo chete; maitiro ayo ekugadzira haasanganisiri makemikari anobatsira, chokwadi chinoita kuti ive nehumwe hunhu hwakasiyana.
Zvadaro, ndichatsanangura zvinhu zvakakosha zvebasalt fiber point by point.

Zvichienderana nekukwira kuri kuita "hupfumi hwenzvimbo dzakaderera," kuvakwa kwezvivakwa - zvakaita senzvimbo dzekusimuka nedzekumhara kwedrone, nhandare dzendege, nzvimbo dzekutakura zvinhu dziri munzvimbo dzakaderera, uye nhare dzekufambisa nekutaurirana - kuri kuona kudiwa kukuru. Zvivakwa izvi hazvifanirwe kungosangana nezvinodiwa zvekugadzira zvinhu zviri nyore, simba rakawanda, uye kugara kwenguva refu, asiwo kuchinjika nemamiriro ekushanda akaomarara anosanganisira mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa, kupfapfaidza munyu wegungwa, uye kushandiswa kwakawanda, zvese izvi zvichienderana nehurongwa hwekuvandudza girini nekabhoni shoma.

Basalt fiber, yakapfupikiswa seCBF, ifiber inoenderera mberi isina simbi inogadzirwa chete kubva kubasalt ore kuburikidza nekunyunguduka nekukwevera kupisa kwakanyanya. Haingori chete ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika, senge simba rakawanda uye modulus yakakwira, asiwo inoratidza kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, uye zvakanakira mutengo. Sechinhu chakakosha chekusimbisa mineral chinoshanda uye zvinhu zvegirini, basalt fiber yakabatana nekubudirira mune zvinhu zvina zvakakosha zvemafiber zvekusimudzira nyika yangu (pamwe chete necarbon fiber, aramid fiber, uye ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber).

Zvinhu zvakagadzirwa neBasalt fiber, zvine mabhenefiti azvo ekuva akareruka, akasimba, akachengeteka, uye asingakuvadzi nharaunda, zvinobatsira mota itsva dzine simba kuderedza huremu ne30%-50%, kuwedzera kusimba kwesimba neanopfuura 40%, uye kuwedzera zvakanyanya daro rekutyaira. "Zvinhu zvakasvibira" izvi zvinobva pamatombo anoputika zvine hunhu hunodzivirira moto, hunodzivirira kupisa, uye hunodzivirira ngura, zvichiratidza kushanda kwakanaka mumasisitimu emabhatiri, maumbirwo emuviri, uye zvikamu zvechassis, zvichikurumidzisa kufambira mberi kweindasitiri kuenda kumangwana rakachengeteka uye rinoshanda zviri nani.

Sezvatinopinda mugore ra2026, chinangwa chemaindasitiri pasi rose chiri kuchinja kubva kufiber dzechinyakare dzekugadzira kuenda kufiber yekare asi yeramangwana - basalt fiber. Nekuwedzera kuri kuramba kuchiita kutsvaga "Green Building" uye "Sustainable Manufacturing" mumisika yeEurope neAmerica, fiber yebasalt, ine hunhu hwayo hwechisikigo hwe100% uye mashandiro ayo akanaka ezvakatipoteredza, iri kuva "chinhu chitsva chinodiwa" nesainzi yezvinhu.

Zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe fiber dzinoshanda zvakanaka, fiber yebasalt inoenderera mberi ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvakagadzirwa, nzira yekugadzira isingakuvadzi nharaunda, uye ine simba rakawanda, modulus, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwefizikisi. Mashandisirwo ayo makuru anosanganisira:

Zvichienderana nekuwanda kwekuda kwezvinhu zvakareruka uye zvinodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya mumunda wemuchadenga, indasitiri yefiber yebasalt muChina yakawana budiriro muhunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvefibers dzakapfava zvikuru, zviratidzo zvekushanda zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa nezvivakwa zvemuchadenga. Izvi zvinopa mhinduro dzinokanganisa dzekutsvaga muchadenga zvakadzama, dziviriro yemuchadenga, uye kuvaka kwechigadziko chemwedzi.

Munyika isinganzwisisike uye isinganzwisiswi yegungwa rakadzika, shanduko yezvinhu zvakakonzereswa ne "matombo" iri kuitika. Basalt fiber - iyi fiber yepamusoro-soro inobva padombo rinoputika - iri kushanduka kuita "skeleton yesimbi" yemapuratifomu emafuta negesi mugungwa rakadzika, "zvombo zvidiki" zvemarobhoti mugungwa rakadzika, uye "nheyo yakagadzikana" yesimba remhepo rekunze kwegungwa. Haingoputsi chete zvirambidzo zvinoiswa munzvimbo yakadzika-gungwa pakutsvaga kwevanhu asiwo inochinjazve mamiriro emakwikwi ehupfumi hwegungwa rakadzika nekushanda kwayo kunoshamisa, kusanganisira kuwedzera kwe15% mukushanda zvakanaka kwekubvisa uye kuwedzera kwe30% kwehupenyu hwemidziyo. Ngationgororei "nguva itsva yebhuruu rakadzika" inounzwa nebasalt fiber.

Basalt, dombo rinoumbwa nekutonhorera kwegomo rinoputika, rakawanda paNyika. Kuburikidza nekunyunguduka kwakanyanya uye kudhirowa zvakanaka, fiber dzebasalt dzinogadzirwa, uchishandisa nzira yekugadzira yakafanana neyefiber dzegirazi. Pakupisa kwakanyanya kwe1450℃ kusvika 1500℃, dombo rebasalt rinonyungudutswa uye rinozokweverwa nekukurumidza kuburikidza ne alloy spinneret inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kuti igadzire fibers dzinoramba dzichishanda. Fiber idzi dzine simba rakafanana nefiber dzegirazi dzine simba guru. Uyezve, fiber dzebasalt, semhando itsva yefiber yezvinhu zvisingasanganisike, zvine hushamwari kune zvakatipoteredza, uye zvinoshanda zvakanyanya, ine ma oxide akasiyana-siyana akadai sesilicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, uye titanium dioxide, zvichiipa hunhu hwakanaka hwepanyama nemakemikari.