Labarai

A cikin babban fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki, akwai wani nau'in zare na musamman - wanda ba a haife shi da hadaddun sinadaran da aka haɗa ba, amma an samo shi kai tsaye daga tsohon dutse mai tauri: basalt. Wannan kayan shine zaren basalt - zaren da ba shi da tsari mai kyau wanda, godiya ga asalinsa na musamman da kuma kyawawan halayensa, yana fitowa a hankali a matsayin fitaccen ɗan wasa a fannoni daban-daban na masana'antu.

Da farko muna buƙatar fahimtar menene shi. A taƙaice dai, zare na basalt zare ne da ake samarwa ta amfani da ma'adinan basalt na halitta a matsayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su ...
Na gaba, zan bayyana wasu muhimman halaye na basalt fiber maki bayan maki.

A sakamakon karuwar "tattalin arzikin ƙasa mai ƙarancin tsayi," gina kayayyakin more rayuwa - kamar tashi da saukar jiragen sama marasa matuƙa da jiragen sama marasa matuƙa, filayen jiragen sama na gabaɗaya, cibiyoyin jigilar kayayyaki masu ƙarancin tsayi, da hasumiyoyin kewayawa da sadarwa - suna fuskantar ƙaruwar buƙata. Waɗannan wurare ba wai kawai dole ne su cika manyan buƙatun ƙira mai sauƙi ba, ƙarfi mai yawa, da tsawon rai, har ma su daidaita da yanayin aiki mai rikitarwa da ya shafi yanayi mai tsauri, feshin gishiri na teku, da amfani da shi akai-akai, duk yayin da suke daidaitawa da yanayin ci gaban kore da ƙarancin carbon.

Zaren Basalt, wanda aka taƙaita shi da CBF, zare ne mai ci gaba wanda ba na ƙarfe ba wanda aka samar kawai daga ma'adinan basalt ta hanyar narkewar zafin jiki mai zafi da zane. Ba wai kawai yana da kyawawan halaye na injiniya ba, kamar ƙarfi mai yawa da babban modulus, har ma yana nuna kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na sinadarai, juriya ga zafin jiki mai yawa, da fa'idodin farashi. A matsayin muhimmin kayan aiki na ƙarfafa ma'adinai na injiniya da kayan gini na kore, zaren basalt ya shiga sahun manyan kayan fiber guda huɗu na ƙasata don haɓakawa (tare da zaren carbon, zaren aramid, da zaren polyethylene mai nauyin ƙwayoyin halitta mai yawa).

Kayan haɗin fiber na basalt, tare da fa'idodinsu na kasancewa masu sauƙi, masu ƙarfi, aminci, da kuma masu dacewa da muhalli, suna taimaka wa sabbin motocin makamashi rage nauyi da kashi 30%-50%, inganta juriyar tasiri da sama da kashi 40%, da kuma faɗaɗa kewayon tuƙi sosai. Wannan "kayan kore" da aka samo daga dutsen aman wuta kuma yana da kaddarorin juriya ga wuta, kariya, da tsatsa, yana nuna kyakkyawan aiki a cikin tsarin batir, tsarin jiki, da sassan chassis, yana hanzarta ci gaban masana'antar zuwa ga makoma mafi aminci da inganci.

Yayin da muke shiga shekarar 2026, mayar da hankali kan masana'antu a duniya yana canzawa daga zare na roba na gargajiya zuwa wani abu na da amma mai kama da na gaba - zare na basalt. Tare da ci gaba da ƙaruwar neman "Gine-gine Mai Kore" da "Masana'antu Mai Dorewa" a kasuwannin Turai da Amurka, zare na basalt, tare da kaddarorinsa na halitta 100% da kuma kyakkyawan aikin muhalli, yana zama "sabon abin sha'awa" na kimiyyar kayan aiki.

Idan aka kwatanta da sauran zare masu aiki mai yawa, zaren basalt mai ci gaba yana da wadataccen tushen kayan masarufi, tsarin samarwa mai kyau ga muhalli, da ƙarfi mai yawa, modulus, da kyawawan halayen kimiyyar lissafi. Manyan aikace-aikacensa sun haɗa da:

Ganin yadda ake samun karuwar bukatar kayan aiki masu saukin nauyi da juriya ga zafi a fannin sararin samaniya, masana'antar zare ta basalt ta kasar Sin ta cimma wani babban ci gaba a fannin fasahar samar da kayayyaki masu yawa ga zare masu kyau na micron, tare da alamun aiki da suka dace da bukatun kayayyakin more rayuwa na sararin samaniya. Wannan yana samar da mafita mai kawo cikas ga binciken sararin samaniya mai zurfi, kariyar sararin samaniya, da kuma gina tushen wata.

A cikin duniyar teku mai zurfi mai ban mamaki da ba a iya fahimta ba, wani juyin juya halin kayayyaki da "duwatsu" suka haifar yana bayyana. Zaren basalt - wannan zaren fasaha mai zurfi da aka samo daga dutsen aman wuta - yana canzawa zuwa "kwarangwal ɗin ƙarfe" na dandamalin mai da iskar gas na teku mai zurfi, "sulke mai sauƙi" na robots masu zurfi na teku, da "tushen da ya dace" na iskar da ke cikin teku. Ba wai kawai yana karya iyakokin da yanayin teku mai zurfi ya sanya wa binciken ɗan adam ba, har ma yana sake fasalin yanayin gasa na tattalin arzikin teku mai zurfi tare da aikin sa mai ban mamaki, gami da ƙaruwar 15% a cikin ingancin haƙowa da tsawaita tsawon rayuwar kayan aiki da kashi 30%. Bari mu bincika "sabon zamanin shuɗi mai zurfi" wanda zaren basalt ya kawo.

Basalt, dutse da aka samar daga sanyaya lawa mai aman wuta, yana da yawa a Duniya. Ta hanyar narkewar zafin jiki mai yawa da zane mai kyau, ana samar da zaruruwan basalt, ta amfani da tsarin kera irin na zaruruwan gilashi. A yanayin zafi mai zafi na 1450℃ zuwa 1500℃, ana narkar da dutsen basalt sannan a zana shi da sauri ta hanyar wani sinadari mai jure zafi mai yawa don samar da zaruruwa masu ci gaba. Waɗannan zaruruwan suna da ƙarfi wanda ya yi daidai da zaruruwan gilashi masu ƙarfi. Bugu da ƙari, zaruruwan basalt, a matsayin sabon nau'in kayan zaruruwa marasa tsari, masu aminci ga muhalli, masu aiki sosai, sun ƙunshi nau'ikan oxides daban-daban kamar silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, da titanium dioxide, suna ba shi kyawawan halaye na zahiri da na sinadarai.