Nkhani

Mu sayansi ya zinthu, pali mtundu wapadera wa ulusi—wosabadwa ndi kupanga mankhwala ovuta, koma wochokera mwachindunji ku miyala yakale yolimba: basalt. Zinthuzi ndi ulusi wa basalt—ulusi wosapangidwa ndi zinthu zachilengedwe womwe, chifukwa cha chiyambi chake chosiyana komanso mawonekedwe ake apadera, ukuwonekera mwakachetechete ngati wosewera wodziwika bwino m'magawo ambiri amafakitale.

Choyamba tiyenera kumvetsetsa kuti ndi chiyani. Mwachidule, ulusi wa basalt ndi ulusi wopitilira womwe umapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito miyala yachilengedwe ya basalt ngati zinthu zopangira zapamwamba; pambuyo posungunuka kutentha kwambiri, umakokedwa mwachangu kudzera mu platinum-rhodium alloy bushings. Magwero ake azinthu zopangira ndi ambiri ndipo amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lonse lapansi. Mwachidule, ndi ulusi wachilengedwe wokha; njira yake yopangira siili ndi zinthu zina zowonjezera mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi mawonekedwe enaake apadera.
Kenako, ndifotokoza zinthu zingapo zofunika kwambiri za basalt fiber mfundo ndi mfundo.

Poganizira za kukwera kwachuma kwa "malo otsika," kumanga zomangamanga - monga malo oti ndege zinyamuke ndi kutera, ma eyapoti a ndege, malo osungiramo zinthu otsika, ndi nsanja zoyendera ndi zolumikizirana - kukuwonetsa kufunikira kwakukulu. Malo awa sayenera kungokwaniritsa zofunikira zazikulu za kapangidwe kopepuka, mphamvu yayitali, komanso moyo wautali, komanso kusinthana ndi mikhalidwe yovuta yogwirira ntchito yomwe imaphatikizapo nyengo yoipa, kupopera mchere wa m'nyanja, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi, zonse zikugwirizana ndi njira yopangira zinthu zobiriwira komanso zotsika mpweya.

Ulusi wa basalt, womwe ndi chidule cha CBF, ndi ulusi wopitilira wosapangidwa ndi chitsulo wopangidwa kuchokera ku basalt ore kudzera mu njira zosungunulira ndi kukoka kutentha kwambiri. Sikuti umangokhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakaniko, monga mphamvu yayikulu komanso modulus yayikulu, komanso umawonetsa kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso zabwino zogulira. Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cholimbitsa mchere komanso zinthu zobiriwira, ulusi wa basalt walowa bwino m'gulu la zinthu zinayi zofunika kwambiri za ulusi mdziko langa (pamodzi ndi ulusi wa kaboni, ulusi wa aramid, ndi ulusi wa polyethylene wolemera kwambiri).

Zipangizo zopangidwa ndi ulusi wa basalt, zomwe zili ndi ubwino wake wopepuka, wamphamvu kwambiri, wotetezeka, komanso wosamalira chilengedwe, zimathandiza magalimoto atsopano amphamvu kuchepetsa kulemera ndi 30%-50%, kuonjezera kukana kugunda ndi kupitirira 40%, komanso kukulitsa kwambiri kutalika kwa magalimoto. "Zinthu zobiriwira" izi zochokera ku miyala yamoto zilinso ndi mphamvu zoteteza moto, zoteteza kutentha, komanso zoteteza dzimbiri, zomwe zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri m'mabatire, kapangidwe ka thupi, ndi zigawo za chassis, zomwe zimathandizira kupita patsogolo kwa makampani kupita ku tsogolo lotetezeka komanso logwira ntchito bwino.

Pamene tikulowa mu 2026, cholinga cha mafakitale padziko lonse lapansi chikusintha kuchoka pa ulusi wachikhalidwe wopangidwa kupita ku zinthu zakale koma zamtsogolo - ulusi wa basalt. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kusaka "Green Building" ndi "Sustainable Manufacturing" m'misika ya ku Europe ndi America, ulusi wa basalt, wokhala ndi makhalidwe ake achilengedwe 100% komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pa chilengedwe, ukukhala "wokondedwa watsopano" wa sayansi ya zinthu.

Poyerekeza ndi ulusi wina wogwira ntchito bwino, ulusi wopitilira wa basalt uli ndi zinthu zambiri zopangira, njira yopangira yosawononga chilengedwe, komanso mphamvu zambiri, modulus, komanso mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za physicochemical. Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:

Ngakhale kuti kufunikira kwakukulu kwa zinthu zopepuka komanso zopirira kutentha kwambiri m'munda wa ndege, makampani opanga ulusi wa basalt ku China apita patsogolo kwambiri pakupanga ulusi wochuluka wa micron-scale ultra-fine, ndipo zizindikiro za magwiridwe antchito zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi zosowa za zomangamanga za ndege. Izi zimapereka njira zosokoneza zofufuzira mlengalenga mozama, kuteteza zombo zamlengalenga, komanso kumanga maziko a mwezi.

Mu dziko lachinsinsi komanso losamvetsetseka la nyanja yakuya, kusintha kwa zinthu komwe kuyambitsidwa ndi "miyala" kukuonekera. Ulusi wa basalt—ulusi wapamwamba uwu wochokera ku miyala ya volcano—ukusintha kukhala "chigoba chachitsulo" cha nsanja zamafuta ndi gasi m'nyanja yakuya, "zida zopepuka" za maloboti m'nyanja yakuya, ndi "maziko okhazikika" a mphamvu ya mphepo ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Sikuti umangophwanya zoletsa zomwe zimayikidwa ndi malo ozama kwambiri a nyanja yakuya pa kufufuza kwa anthu komanso umakonzanso mpikisano wa chuma cha m'nyanja yakuya ndi magwiridwe ake odabwitsa, kuphatikizapo kuwonjezeka kwa 15% pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa kuchotsa ndi kukulitsa nthawi ya zida ndi 30%. Tiyeni tifufuze "nyengo yatsopano yabuluu" yomwe idayambitsidwa ndi ulusi wa basalt.

Basalt, mwala wopangidwa kuchokera ku kuzizira kwa chiphalaphala cha volcano, uli wochuluka padziko lapansi. Kupyolera mu kusungunuka kwa kutentha kwambiri ndi kukoka bwino, ulusi wa basalt umapangidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yopangira yofanana ndi ya ulusi wagalasi. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kwa 1450℃ mpaka 1500℃, mwala wa basalt umasungunuka kenako umakokedwa mwachangu kwambiri kudzera mu alloy spinneret yolimba kutentha kwambiri kuti upange ulusi wopitilira. Ulusi uwu uli ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi ulusi wagalasi wamphamvu kwambiri. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wa basalt, monga mtundu watsopano wa zinthu zopanda chilengedwe, zoteteza chilengedwe, komanso zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, uli ndi ma oxide osiyanasiyana monga silicon dioxide, aluminium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, iron oxide, ndi titanium dioxide, zomwe zimaupatsa mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi ndi zamankhwala.