Iindaba

Kwihlabathi elikhulu lesayensi yezinto eziphathekayo, kukho uhlobo olulodwa lwezinto ezinefayibha—olungazalwanga yi-complex chemical synthesis, kodwa oluvela ngqo kwilitye eliqinileyo lamandulo: i-basalt. Le nto yi-basalt fiber—i-fiber engasebenzi kakuhle, ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo eyahlukileyo kunye neempawu zayo ezibanzi, ivela ngokuzolileyo njengomdlali obalaseleyo kumacandelo amaninzi emizi-mveliso.

Okokuqala kufuneka siqonde ukuba yintoni na. Ngamafutshane, i-basalt fiber yi-fiber eqhubekayo eveliswa kusetyenziswa i-basalt ore yendalo njengezinto eziluhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu; emva kokunyibilika kubushushu obuphezulu, itsalwa ngokukhawuleza ngokusebenzisa ii-platinum-rhodium alloy bushings. Imithombo yayo yezinto eziluhlaza ininzi kwaye ifumaneka phantse kuyo yonke indawo kwihlabathi liphela. Ngokusisiseko, yi-fiber ye-silicate yendalo; inkqubo yayo yokuvelisa ayibandakanyi zincedisi ezongezelelweyo zeekhemikhali, into eyinika iimpawu ezithile ezikhethekileyo.
Okulandelayo, ndiza kuchaza iipropati eziphambili ze-basalt fiber point by point.

Ngenxa yokunyuka ngokukhawuleza "koqoqosho olukwindawo ephantsi," ukwakhiwa kweziseko zophuhliso—ezifana neendawo zokusuka kunye nokufika kweedrone, izikhululo zeenqwelo moya ngokubanzi, iindawo zothutho ezikwindawo ephantsi, kunye neenqaba zokuhambisa nokunxibelelana—kubona ukwanda okukhulu kwemfuno. Ezi zakhiwo akufuneki zihlangabezane neemfuno eziphambili zoyilo olukhaphukhaphu, amandla aphezulu, kunye nobomi obude, kodwa mazilungelelanise neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima ezibandakanya imozulu embi, isitshizi setyuwa yolwandle, kunye nokusetyenziswa rhoqo, konke oku ngelixa kuhambelana nendlela yophuhliso oluluhlaza nolunekhabhoni ephantsi.

Ifayibha yeBasalt, efinyezwe njenge-CBF, yifayibha eqhubekayo engeyiyo i-metallic engaphiliyo eveliswa kuphela kwi-basalt ore ngokusebenzisa iinkqubo zokunyibilika nokutsala ubushushu obuphezulu. Ayinazo nje kuphela iimpawu ezintle zoomatshini, ezinje ngamandla aphezulu kunye ne-modulus ephezulu, kodwa ikwabonisa uzinzo oluhle lweekhemikhali, ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, kunye neenzuzo zeendleko. Njengezinto ezibalulekileyo zokuqinisa izimbiwa zoomatshini kunye nezinto zokwakha eziluhlaza, ifayibha yeBasalt ijoyine ngempumelelo uluhlu lwezinto ezine eziphambili zefayibha zelizwe lam zophuhliso (kunye nefayibha yekhabhoni, ifayibha ye-aramid, kunye nefayibha ye-polyethylene enobunzima obuphezulu kakhulu).

Izinto ezidityanisiweyo zefayibha yeBasalt, kunye neenzuzo zazo zokuba zilula, zinamandla aphezulu, zikhuselekile, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, zinceda izithuthi ezintsha zamandla ukunciphisa ubunzima nge-30%-50%, ziphucule ukumelana nempembelelo ngaphezulu kwe-40%, kwaye zandise kakhulu uluhlu lokuqhuba. Le "mpahla eluhlaza" evela kwilitye lentaba-mlilo ikwanazo neempawu zokungatshi, ukuthintela ukugquma, kunye nokungagqwali, ezibonisa ukusebenza okugqwesileyo kwiinkqubo zebhetri, izakhiwo zomzimba, kunye nezinto ze-chassis, zikhawulezisa inkqubela phambili yoshishino ukuya kwikamva elikhuselekileyo nelisebenzayo ngakumbi.

Njengoko singena ku-2026, ingqwalasela yemizi-mveliso yehlabathi iyatshintsha ukusuka kwimicu yokwenziwa yendabuko ukuya kwizinto zakudala kodwa zexesha elizayo—i-basalt fiber. Njengoko kuqhubeka ukwanda kokukhangela "iGreen Building" kunye "neSustainable Manufacturing" kwiimarike zaseYurophu naseMelika, i-basalt fiber, eneempawu zayo zendalo eziyi-100% kunye nokusebenza kwayo okubalaseleyo kokusingqongileyo, iba "yinto entsha ethandekayo" kwisayensi yezinto.

Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iifayibha ezisebenza kakuhle, ifayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo inemithombo emininzi yezinto ezikrwada, inkqubo yemveliso enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, kunye namandla aphezulu, i-modulus, kunye neempawu ezintle ze-physicochemical. Izicelo zayo eziphambili ziquka:

Ngenxa yokwanda kwemfuno yezinto ezikhaphukhaphu nezimelana nobushushu obuphezulu kwicandelo leenqwelo-moya, ishishini lefayibha ye-basalt yaseTshayina liphumelele kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuvelisa izinto ezininzi kwiifayibha ze-micron-scale ultra-fine, kunye neempawu zokusebenza ezihambelana kakhulu neemfuno zeziseko zeenqwelo-moya. Oku kubonelela ngezisombululo eziphazamisayo zokuhlola isithuba esinzulu, ukukhuselwa kweenqwelo-moya, kunye nokwakhiwa kwesiseko senyanga.

Kwihlabathi eliyimfihlakalo nelingenakuqondwa lolwandle olunzulu, utshintsho lwezinto ezibangelwa "ngamatye" luyavela. Ifayibha yeBasalt—le fayibha yobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ephuma kwilitye lentaba-mlilo—iyaguquka ibe "yi-skeleton yentsimbi" yamaqonga eoyile negesi olwandle olunzulu, "isikrweqe esilula" seerobhothi olwandle olunzulu, kunye "nesiseko esizinzileyo" samandla omoya olwandle. Ayipheleli nje ekuphuleni imida ebekwe yimeko-bume yolwandle olunzulu kakhulu ekuphononongweni kwabantu kodwa ikwayila kwakhona imeko-bume yokhuphiswano loqoqosho lolwandle olunzulu ngokusebenza kwayo okumangalisayo, kubandakanya ukonyuka kwe-15% ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokukhupha kunye nokwandiswa kwexesha lobomi bezixhobo ngama-30%. Makhe sihlolisise "ixesha elitsha eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka" eliqaliswe yifayibha yebasalt.

I-Basalt, ilitye elenziwe ngokuphola kwe-lava yentaba-mlilo, ininzi eMhlabeni. Ngokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu kunye nomzobo omncinci, iifayibha ze-basalt ziyaveliswa, kusetyenziswa inkqubo yokuvelisa efana neyeefayibha zeglasi. Kubushushu obuphezulu obuphakathi kwe-1450℃ ne-1500℃, ilitye le-basalt liyanyibilika lize emva koko litsalwe ngesantya esiphezulu nge-alloy spinneret enganyangekiyo kubushushu obuphezulu ukuze kuveliswe iifayibha eziqhubekayo. Ezi fayibha zinamandla afana neefayibha zeglasi ezinamandla aphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, ifayibha ye-basalt, njengohlobo olutsha lwezinto zefayibha ezingaphiliyo, ezinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo, ezisebenza kakuhle, ziqulethe ii-oxide ezahlukeneyo ezifana ne-silicon dioxide, i-aluminium oxide, i-calcium oxide, i-magnesium oxide, i-iron oxide, kunye ne-titanium dioxide, nto leyo eyinika iipropati ezintle zomzimba nezekhemikhali.