Ngā wāhanga matua o te muka basalt infiltration

1. Kaihoko honohono

He mea nui te kaiāwhina honohono, he roa te mau, he ātete hoki ki te koroheketanga, e whakamahia ana hei āwhina mō ngā rauemi whakakotahi polymer, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā wāhanga matua e whā e ai ki tōna hanganga matū me te hanganga: ngā matū matatini waro, ngā silane, ngā titanate, me ngā matū waikawa konumohe. Ko te whakawhanake i te kaiāwhina honohono hou he tino whai hua tētahi o ngā rohe rangahau i roto i te muka karāhe mara o te kaihopu urunga. Haunga te whakamahinga o te kaihopu hononga ke i te hononga ā-pūtaiao me te hononga ā-pūtaiao kore-pūtaiao, he mahi anō hoki tāna hei rōpū hononga kiriata, ā, he pānga whakahinuhinu hoki ētahi o ngā kaihopu hononga. Ko te rangahau o nāianei mō ngā kaihopu hononga e aro ana ki te whakawhanake i ngā kaihopu hononga hou ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā hononga rauemi me te whakarei ake i te kaha o te hononga. Kei te tūhura ngā kairangahau i ngā momo rautaki matū me ngā hoahoa rauemi hou hei whakapai ake i te hototahitanga ā-pūtaiao, te hononga me te kaha o te hononga kia pai ake ai te hononga ā-pūtaiao. I nāianei ko ngā kaihopu hononga lithane me ngā kaihopu hononga titanate e whakamahia whānuitia ana. E rua ngā tikanga nui o te kaihopu hononga lithane: tuatahi, ka taea e ia te tauhohe ki te rōpū hydroxyl i roto i te rauemi kore-pūtaiao hei hanga hononga matū, kia pai ai te whakakotahi i ngā wāhanga waro me te kore-pūtaiao me te whakapai ake i te piri me te hononga o te atanga; tuarua, ka taea e te kaihopu hononga lithane te taunekeneke ki te mekameka ngota roa i roto i te rauemi waro hei whakarei ake i te hototahitanga me te hononga i waenga i te polymer me te whakakī kore-pūtaiao, me te whakapai ake i te mahi a te rauemi. Ina tauhohe te kaihopu hononga titanate ki ngā proton kore utu (H+) i te atanga o ngā matū kore-pūtaiao, ka hangaia he paparanga monomolecular waro. Ka taea e tēnei paparanga monomer waro te hanga i tētahi paparanga hipoki ki runga i te mata whakakī, ā, ka taunekeneke ki te polymer, ka whakanui ake i te piri me te hononga i waenga i te polymer me te whakakī. Mā te tāpiri i ngā kaihoko hononga titanate ki ngā polymer ka taea te whakanui ake i te kaha pānga o te rauemi. Hei tāpiri, ka taea te tāpiri i ngā whakakī ki te 50% neke atu rānei, me te kore e wehea te āhua, e pupuri ana i te ōritetanga me te pumau o te rauemi.

2. Ngā hinu whakahinuhinu me ngā kaihoko ārai-pūmau

I te ao whānui, i roto i te hanganga o te matū whakauru, ka whakakotahihia ngā hinu whakahinuhinu me ngā matū ārai-pūmau hei kotahi. Ko te nuinga o ngā hinu whakahinuhinu he imidazoline aliphatic mekameka-roa, he waikawa rānei kei roto he hononga takirua me ngā monohydroxy esters waipiro mekameka-roa, e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te matotoru o te otinga whakauru, hei whakaiti i tōna taumahatanga mata, kia tohatoha ōrite ki runga i te mata o te rauemi kua tukatukahia, hei whakarei ake i te mahi a te whakauru. Ko ngā hinu nano he kaupapa rangahau wera i ngā tau tata nei, ā, kua pania ki te Pātarati Ehara i te mea he kaha te mahi ātete-kakahu o ngā muka anake, engari he whakaiti hoki i te waku. Kei te tūhuratia e ngā kairangahau te whakamahinga o ngā matūriki nano ki roto i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu hei whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga waku me te kakahu o ngā rauemi. I runga i tā rātou mahi, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ki ngā momo e rua: ā-roto me ā-waho. Ko ngā wāhanga o ngā hinu whakahinuhinu ā-roto ko ngā matū polymer te nuinga, pērā i te ware pi, ngā polyolefin, me ētahi atu, he pai te hototahi, ka taea te whakaiti i te hononga i waenga i ngā ngota polymer, me te whakapai ake i te āhuatanga whakaputa wera waku i roto i te wai rewa me te wai rewa, kia pai ake ai te pānga i roto i te extrusion, te werohanga werohanga me ētahi atu tukatuka. Ko te hanganga o te hinu whakahinuhinu ā-waho ko ngā matū ngota iti te nuinga, pērā i ngā esters waikawa ngako, te ware pi paraffin, me ētahi atu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te waku i waenga i te wai rewa me te mata o te taputapu, te whakaiti i te tauwehenga waku o ia tukanga whakaputa, he mahi nui i roto i te whakaranu, te calendering, te hanga huka, me ētahi atu tukanga hanga. E rua ngā wāhanga o ngā matū ārai-pūngao: te matū kore-pūngao me te matū waro, ā, ko tā rātou mahi matua he hanga i tētahi ara kawe hiko ki runga i te kiriata whakauru, ka tukuna te utu pūngao i hangaia e te muka i roto i te hanga me te whakamahinga o te tukanga. Mā te tāpiri i ngā nanowhakakī (hei tauira, ngā nanotube waro, te graphene, me ētahi atu) ki te matrix polymer ka taea te whakapai ake i te kawe hiko me ngā āhuatanga ārai-pūngao o te rauemi. I ngā tau tata nei, kua aro nui ngā kairangahau ki te tūhura i te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā nanowhakakī rerekē me ngā matrices polymer kia whiwhi ai i ngā āhuatanga ārai-pūngao pai ake.

3.Kaihanga kiriata

Hei wāhanga tino nui o te kaihopu whakauru, ka whakatauhia e te kaihopu hanga kiriata te mahi tukatuka me te mahi hua o muka pātaratiI roto i te tukanga whakaputa muka paparāti, ka taea e te kaihopu hanga kiriata te hanga i tētahi paninga ōrite me te piri ki te mata o te muka, ka whakapai ake i te hototahitanga o te atanga i waenga i te muka me te rauemi papa, ka whakapai ake i te kaha hononga ā-kanohi, ka whakapai ake i te kaha me te roa o ngā muka paparāti, engari hei ārai hoki i te muka mai i te whati o te hiraka rere, hei whakarite i te pumau o te muka. Hei tāpiri, ka taea hoki e te kaihopu hanga kiriata te hoatu i ngā muka paparāti pērā i te kanapa, te ngawari, te maeneene me ētahi atu āhuatanga me te āhua motuhake. Kua whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi nano i roto i te rangahau kaihopu hanga kiriata. Kua whakaatuhia ko te tāpiri o ngā matūriki nano ka taea te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me te matū o ngā kaihopu hanga kiriata, pērā i te whakarei ake i te ātete ki te pakū, te ātete ki te huarere me ngā āhuatanga whatu.

4. Ngā Whakarerekētanga pH

Ka taea e te kaiwhakahaere pH te whakarite i te waikawa me te kawakore o te kaihoroi kia pai ake ai mō te taunekeneke me ngā muka pātaratiMā te whakarerekē i te pH o te kaiuru, ka taea te whakarerekē i ngā āhuatanga utu o te mata muka hei whakatairanga i te kaha taunekeneke i waenga i te kaiuru me te muka, ā, ka whakapai ake i te mahi uru o te muka. Kua whakaarohia ka taea e ngā kaiwhakatikatika pH e ahu mai ana i ngā nanomaterial te whakarato i te tika me te whai huatanga o te whakarerekētanga. Hei tāpiri, kei reira ngā rangahau mō ngā kaiwhakahaere PH mō ngā momo muka me ngā āhuatanga tukatuka rerekē, kia pai ake ai ngā pānga mākū muka me te mahi tukatuka.

5. Ētahi atu wāhanga

Kei roto hoki i ngā mea whakapūmau he matū koiora, he mea whakaemulsifier, he mea whakakore pahuka, me ētahi atu, e whakamahia ana hei patu i ngā moroiti, hei whakahaere i te hototahitanga me te pumau o ngā wāhanga, hei ārai hoki i te whakaputanga me te kohikohinga o te pahuka mata.