Fibre ya Basalt kubikorwa remezo bibisi hamwe na karuboni ya fibre yo mu kirere cyoroheje: Fibre ikora cyane ivugurura imiterere yinganda

Fibre ya Basalt: Kurwanya Ibihe Kamere Biha imbaraga Ibikorwa Remezo hamwe na "Fondation ikomeye kandi ikora neza"

Fibreikozwe muri kamere Urutare rwa Basalt gushonga no gukururwa muri firimu ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa 1450-1500 ° C. Ifite inshuro eshatu guhuza imitungo:aside na alkali irwanya, kurwanya gusaza, na Imbaraga Zirenze. Imikorere yacyo ijyanye neza n’ibikorwa remezo bikenerwa: "kuramba, kubungabunga bike, no gukora icyatsi." Yageze ku ntera nini mu bihe nko gushimangira ikiraro, ubwubatsi bwo mu muhanda, n'ibikorwa remezo byo mu nyanja.

1. Ibyingenzi Byibanze: "Kamere Kamere" kubikorwa Remezo

Ugereranije na fibre gakondo ikoreshwa mubikorwa remezo (urugero, fibre y'ibirahure, ibyuma byuma), fibre'Ibyiza bidasanzwe bigaragara mu bice bitatu:

• Kwihanganira Ibidukikije bikabije: Ifite ubushyuhe bwigihe kirekire bwa serivisi kuva kuri -269 ° C kugeza kuri 700 ° C kandi irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwihuse bwa 1200 ° C. Mubidukikije bya acide na alkaline hamwe na pH ya 2-12, igipimo cyayo cyo kugumana imbaraga kirenga 90%, kikaba cyiza cyane kuruta fibre yikirahure (itakaza 30% yimbaraga zayo mubidukikije pH 4-9).

• Kuringaniza Ibikoresho bya tekinike: Imbaraga zayo zingana zigera kuri MPa 3500-4800 (inshuro 3-4 zicyuma gisanzwe cyuma), naho modulus yayo ni 80-110 GPa. Ubucucike bwayo ni 2,6-2.8 g / cm³ gusa, hafi 1/3 cyibyuma, bihuza imbaraga nuburemere.

• Icyatsi kibisi: Ibikoresho fatizo ni urutare rusanzwe, uburyo bwo kubyara ntibukoresha inyongeramusaruro, kandi birashobora kwangirika nyuma yo kujugunywa. Ubuzima bwuzuye bwa karubone ibirenge biri munsi ya 40% ugereranije nibirahuri bya fibre, bihuza nibisabwa na "Dual Carbon" ibisabwa mubikorwa remezo.

2. Ibikorwa Remezo Byagezweho: Kuva "Gushimangira no Gusana" kugeza "Kuzamura Ubwubatsi bushya".

Fibre yagutse kuva mubikorwa remezo gakondo gushimangira iterambere ryubaka mumishinga mishya yubwubatsi, ikora urunigi rwuzuye rwo gusaba:

• Gushimangira ikiraro: Kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi kandi bigabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga.

  Gushimangira ikiraro gakondo bishingiye ku guhuza ibyuma (bikunda kwangirika) cyangwa FRP isanzwe (kutarwanya ikirere). Basalt fibre-fer-polymer (BFRP) ibikoresho bikomatanya bikemura ikibazo "cyangirika-kidahagije cyo kwikorera imitwaro" hamwe nibisubizo bibiri: "rezo ya BFRP isimbuza ibyuma" na "BFRP yomekaho imyenda." Kurugero, ikiraro cyambukiranya imigezi cyakoresheje rebar ya BFRP kugirango isimbuze ibyuma gakondo mubyuma byayo. Ibi ntibyagabanije ibiro 40% gusa ahubwo byanabujije ingese ibyuma byatewe numunyu winzuzi, byongerera ubuzima ikiraro kuva kumyaka 50 kugeza kumyaka 100 no kugabanya amafaranga yo kubungabunga buri mwaka 60%. Ikindi kiraro cya beto gishaje cyashimangiwe no guhuza umwenda wa BmmR ufite uburebure bwa 2mm, wongereye ubushobozi bwo kugunama ku kigero cya 35% kandi ugabanya igihe cyo gushimangira kuva ku minsi 15 kugeza kuri 7, bikagabanya ihungabana ry’imodoka.

• Ubwubatsi bw'imihanda: Itezimbere guhangana kandi yujuje ibyifuzo biremereye.

  Ongeramo fibre ya basalt (0.3% -0.5% kuburemere) kumurongo wibanze wimihanda nyabagendwa hamwe ninzira nyabagendwa iremereye birashobora kubuza ikwirakwizwa ryimyuka binyuze "fibre". Ibi bizamura umuhanda hejuru yumuhanda ku gipimo cya 25% naho guhangana na 30%. Nyuma yo gukoresha iryo koranabuhanga, umurongo wo gutwara amakara mu Ntara ya Shanxi wabonye ubuzima bwawo bwo gukora umuhanda uva ku myaka 5 kugeza ku 8, bikagabanya ishoramari ryo kubungabunga buri mwaka miliyoni zisaga 2. Mubyongeyeho, fibre ya basalt ikoreshwa mugushimangira kaburimbo. Imihindagurikire y’ikirere yemeza ko imiterere yinjira idacika intege bitewe n’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe kuva kuri -30 ° C kugeza kuri 60 ° C, kandi igipimo cyacyo kikaba kiri hejuru ya 80% mu gihe kirekire, bikagira uruhare mu kubaka "imigi ya sponge."

• Ibikorwa Remezo byo mu nyanja: Irwanya ruswa yumunyu kandi igabanya ibiciro byubwubatsi.

  Amazi yo mu nyanja, umuyoboro wambukiranya inyanja, nizindi nyubako zimara igihe kinini ziterwa numuti mwinshi wumunyu nisuri. Ibyuma gakondo byubaka bisaba gukuramo ingese no gushushanya (hamwe nigiciro cyo kubungabunga buri mwaka kirenga 10 yuan / m²). Nyamara, umwirondoro wa basalt fibre yibigize (nk'imiyoboro ya BFRP n'ibirundo) bifite igipimo cyo kugumana imbaraga za 95% nyuma yamasaha 1000 mugihe cyo gutera umunyu kandi ntibisaba kubungabunga ruswa. Ikibanza cyo mu nyanja cya Shenzhen cyakoreshaga ibirundo bya BFRP aho gukoresha ibirundo by'ibyuma. Nubwo ikiguzi kuri buri kirundo cyari hejuru ya 15%, ikiguzi cyubuzima bwose (hejuru yimyaka 50) cyaragabanutseho 40%, mugihe kandi kirinda umwanda w’amazi uterwa no kwangirika kwicyuma.

3. Kwaguka kwinganda nyinshi: Kuva mubikorwa remezo kugeza ingufu nshya hamwe nuburinzi

Ibyiza bya fibre ya Basalt nabyo byinjira mumbaraga nshya no murwego rwohejuru rwo kurinda, gukora "ikintu kimwe, gukoresha byinshi" ahantu nyaburanga:

• Ingufu nshya: Umuyaga wa turbine umuyaga ukoresha imvange ya fibre ya basalt nikirahure, igabanya ibiciro 50% ugereranije numuti wuzuye wa karubone. Itezimbere kandi kurwanya isuri kumusenyi 40%, bigatuma ibera ahantu h'umusenyi muremure mumajyaruguru yuburengerazuba bwubushinwa na Aziya yo hagati. Byongeye kandi, imyirondoro ya BFRP yerekana amafoto yerekana amashanyarazi igabanya ibiro 60%, kandi kurwanya kwangirika kwayo kwongerera igihe umusozi kuva ku myaka 10 kugeza kuri 25, bikagabanya imikorere nogutunganya imirima yizuba.

• Ibikoresho byo gukingira: Ibiringiti byumuriro bikozwe muri fibre ya basalt birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 1200 ° C kandi bigahagarika neza umuriro ukwirakwira mu kubaka umuriro utarekuye imyuka y’ubumara. Amasasu atagira amasasu akozwe mu mwenda wa basalt fibre afite uburinganire bwa 200 g / m² gusa kandi akagera ku gipimo cy’amasasu cya NIJ IIIA, gifite uburemere 20% ugereranije n’imyambaro y’amasasu.

Fibre ya Carbone: Inyungu zoroheje ziyobora "Gukora neza no Kugabanya Carbone" yindege

Hamwe n "" imbaraga zihariye inshuro 6 z'ibyuma n'ubucucike bwa 1/4 gusa cy'ibyuma, "fibre karubone yabaye ikintu cy'ingenzi mu nganda zo mu kirere mu gukemura amakimbirane hagati yo" kugabanya ibiro, gukoresha ingufu, no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere. " Imikoreshereze yacyo ikomeje kwiyongera, kuva mubice byububiko bwindege kugeza ibice bya moteri, mugihe kandi bigenda byiyongera mumodoka nshya yingufu nibikoresho byo murwego rwohejuru, bigatuma kuzamura inganda zinganda nyinshi.

1. Ibyingenzi Byibanze: "Ibikoresho Bike-Carbone Ibikoresho" byindege

Inganda zindege zisabwa "kuremereye, kwizerwa cyane, no kurwanya umunaniro" bihuza neza nimiterere ya fibre karubone:

• Uburemere bukabije: T800 yo mu rwego rwa karubone ifite ubucucike bwa 1,7 g / cm³, 60% gusa ya aluminiyumu (2.8 g / cm³). Kubikoresha mubice byububiko byindege birashobora kugera kuri 30% -50% kugabanya ibiro, kugabanya mu buryo butaziguye ikoreshwa rya lisansi (amakuru yindege yerekana ko kuri buri 1% yo kugabanya ibiro, gukoresha lisansi yumwaka bigabanukaho 0.7% -1%).

• Kurwanya umunaniro mwinshi: Ubuzima bwumunaniro wibikoresho bya karubone birashobora kugera kuri 10⁷ cycle, bikubye inshuro 3-5 ibyo bya aluminiyumu. Ibi bigabanya inshuro zo kubungabunga no gusimbuza ibice byindege kandi bikongerera igihe cyakazi cyindege zose.

• Igishushanyo gikomeye: Muguhindura inguni ya fibre (0 ° / ± 45 ° / 90 °), imiterere yubukorikori bwibigize irashobora guhindurwa kandi igahinduka kugirango ihuze ibyifuzo byingutu bitwara imitwaro nka fuselage namababa.

2. Iterambere ryindege: Kuva "Ibigize Imiterere" kugeza "Ibice bya moteri"

Ikoreshwa rya fibre ya karubone mu ndege yazamuwe kuva mu bikoresho bitwara imizigo (nka panne y'imbere) kugeza ku bikoresho nyamukuru bitwara imizigo ndetse igera no ku bice bya moteri y’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, ihinduka umushoferi w’ibanze mu kuzamura imikorere y’indege:

• Ibikoresho byindege: Kugabanya uburemere nogukoresha lisansi, kwagura indege.

  Boeing 787 Dreamliner ikoresha ibikoresho bya karuboni fibre yibikoresho byingenzi bitwara imitwaro nka fuselage namababa, hamwe nibigize 50% byuburemere bwindege. Ibi bivamo kugabanya ibiro 15% byose (hafi toni 2,3), kuzamura 20% mumikorere ya lisansi, no kwaguka kuva kuri kilometero 12,000 gakondo kugera kuri 15,000 km. Ibaba rya Carbone fibre ya Airbus A350 XWB ikoresha uburyo "bwo kubumba igice kimwe", igabanya umubare wibice kuva 1.500 kumababa gakondo ya aluminiyumu ya aluminiyumu igera kuri 800. Ibi ntibigabanya ibiro 40% gusa ahubwo binagabanya amakosa yiteranirizo, bizamura umutekano muke.

  Mu ndege nini zo mu gihugu, verisiyo ya C919 yakurikiyeho irateganya kongera imikoreshereze y’ibikoresho bya karuboni biva kuri 12% bikagera kuri 25%, byibanda ku bice nk’ibaba nyamukuru n’ibaba umurizo. Ibi biteganijwe ko kugabanya uburemere bwindege 8% naho gukoresha lisansi yumwaka kuri toni 600 kuri buri ndege, bigahuza n’ibikenerwa na karubone nkeya mu nganda z’indege zo mu gihugu.

• Ibice bya moteri: kuzamura ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kumena imikorere.

  Ibikoresho bya moteri yindege gakondo bishingiye kubushyuhe bwo hejuru (nka nikel ishingiye kuri nikel), biremereye kandi bifite ubushyuhe buke (hafi 1100 ° C). Nyamara, karubone fibre-ceramic matrix cratique (C / C-SiC) irashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwa 1600 ° C mugihe kugabanya ibiro 40%. Moteri ya GE9X ya GE Aviation ikoresha karuboni fibre ikomatanya ibyuma, igabanya uburemere kuri buri cyuma kiva kuri kg 3,5 kuri aluminiyumu ikagera kuri kg 2,1. Diameter y'abafana igera kuri metero 3,4, ikazamura igipimo cyo gutera ibiro 15%. Moteri ya PW1100G ya Pratt & Whitney ikoresha feri ya karubone fibre compteur, igabanya ibiro 30% mugihe yongera imbaraga zo kurwanya ingaruka kuri 25%, bigabanya ibyago byangirika biterwa no kwinjiza ibintu mumahanga.

3. Kwagura Inganda nyinshi: Kuva mu ndege kugera kuri Revolution yoroheje mu modoka no mu bikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru

Ibyiza bya Carbone fibre byoroheje bigenda bigaragara mu nganda nyinshi, kuzamura imikorere yimodoka nshya zingufu nibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru:

• Ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu: Umubiri wa karuboni fibre monocoque ya Tesla Cybertruck igabanya ibiro 30%, ikagura intera kuva kuri 480 ikagera kuri 650 km. Igisenge cya fibre ya karubone hamwe ningabo zo munsi ya NIO ET7 bigabanya uburemere bwikinyabiziga ibiro 50, kugabanya intera ya feri kuri metero 0,5, no kongera ubukana bwumubiri (kugeza 50.000 N · m / °), bikanoza imikorere.

• Ibikoresho byo mu rwego rwo hejuru: Inganda za robo zikora inganda zakozwe na karubone fibre zigabanya ibiro 60% naho inertia yo hasi ikagabanukaho 50%, ikazamura neza aho ihagaze kuva ± 0.1mm ikagera kuri 0.05mm. Ibi byujuje ibyangombwa bisabwa byo guterana bya 3C ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki nibigize imodoka. Ikoreshwa rya karuboni fibre yibikoresho bya drone fuselage yongerera igihe cyindege kuva kumasaha 1 kugeza kumasaha 2.5, ibyo bikaba bishobora gukenera ubugenzuzi bwigihe kirekire no gutanga ibikoresho.