Fasaha biyu na shirye-shiryen fiber basalt na yau da kullun

1. Hanyar Wuta

Hanyar harshen wuta ta ƙunshi tsarin samarwa inda ake isar da zafi kai tsaye zuwa saman Basalt narkewa a cikin murhun basalt mai tsari irin na tubali. Wannan zafi yawanci ana samar da shi ne ta hanyar harshen wuta (kamar iskar gas ta halitta-oxygen ko ƙonewar iska mai zafi, ko harshen wuta na plasma) daga saman tanderun. Wannan hanyar dumama ta farko za a iya ƙara ta ta hanyar dumama ƙasan lantarki. Duk tsarin yana rufe narkewa, bayyanawa, da kuma samar da shi.

Ƙananan tanderun wuta, waɗanda a halin yanzu suka zama ruwan dare a masana'antar, suna amfani da dumama iskar gas mai ƙarfi ne kawai kuma ba su da na'urorin lantarki na ƙasa masu taimako. Duk da haka, saboda yawan amfani da makamashinsu, yawan kuɗin samarwa, da ƙarancin ingancin samfura, yawancin kamfanoni da ke amfani da wannan fasaha suna fuskantar asara mai yawa kuma suna gab da fatara.

Hanyar ci gaba don hanyar harshen wuta ita ce tanderun tanki mai zafi da harshen wuta, wanda ke amfani da hanyar "haɗin gas-lantarki" tare da ƙona iskar gas-oxygen na halitta da dumama lantarki na ƙasa. Wannan hanyar "haɗin gas-lantarki" ita ce babbar fasaha ta kera Fiber ɗin Gilashis, kuma waɗannan murhunan fiber na gilashi suna aiki sosai cikin girma da nasara, musamman murhunan naúrar, waɗanda kusan sun zama mizani ga zane-zanen murhun tankin fiber na gilashi. An yi ƙoƙari don canja wannan fasaha zuwa ci gaba da kera fiber na basalt, amma duk da ƙarancin gwaje-gwaje, har yanzu ba a cimma nasara ba. A cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, wasu sun ɗauki wata hanya daban, suna canzawa daga tsantsar kayan albarkatun dutse na halitta zuwa kayan da aka ƙera (watau, haɗa babban adadin dutsen da ba na dutsen mai aman wuta ba). Wannan ya haifar da nasarar aiwatar da layukan samar da tan 10,000/shekara da tan 3,500/shekara masu zafi da wuta.

2. Hanyar Narkewa ta Wutar Lantarki

Hanyar narkewar wutar lantarki ta ƙunshi tsarin samarwa inda ake isar da makamashin lantarki kai tsaye zuwa cikin narkewar basalt mai zafi mai yawa a cikin murhun basalt mai tsari mai tsauri. Ana samun wannan ta hanyar lantarki (kamar graphite, molybdenum, tin dioxide, da sauransu) ko (da) wasu hanyoyin zahiri (kamar hanyoyin plasma). Wannan fasaha ta ƙunshi narkewa, bayyanawa, da kuma samar da su.

Hanyar narkewar basalt fiber mai amfani da wutar lantarki ta kasar Sin ta fara ne da Shirin 863 na kasa a shekarar 2002, wanda ya kammala aikin zanen tanderu mai karamin sikelin ta amfani da wannan hanyar. zare mai siffar basalt An cimma fasahar zana tankin narkewar wutar lantarki mai nauyin tan dubu/shekara. Wannan tsarin yana amfani da na'urorin lantarki masu ci gaba da yawa, wanda ke ba da damar zurfin matakin ruwa na narkewa har zuwa 1300mm. Diamita na monofilament na samfurin yana da yawa tsakanin 9-22μm, kuma cikakken amfani da wutar lantarki na na'urar shine 3.0-3.5 kWh/kg, wanda ke nuna kyakkyawan tasirin adana makamashi. A cikin 2018, an fara amfani da layin samar da tankin narkewar wutar lantarki mai nauyin tan 1200/shekara ("daya zuwa takwas," ta amfani da spinnerets mai ramuka 400) a hukumance. Ya yi aiki daidai tsawon shekaru uku, yana tabbatar da cewa tsawon lokacin murhun zai iya kaiwa fiye da shekaru uku.

Zuwa yanzu, ga albarkatun ƙasa na dutsen aman wuta na halitta, fasahar kera fiber basalt mai ci gaba ana kiyaye ta ne kawai a matakin fasahar tan dubu/shekara ta tanderu, kuma musamman don hanyar narkewar wutar lantarki.

3. Kwatanta Hanyoyin Fasaha Biyu

Halayen yanayin zafi mai yawa narkewar basalt, wato rashin kyawun yanayin zafi, yawan danko, da kuma ƙarancin kayansa, su ne ainihin abin da ke sa kera zare na basalt mai ci gaba ya zama ƙalubale.

• Hanyar Wuta

Hanyar amfani da harshen wuta, wata fasaha ce da ta tsufa da aka gabatar daga tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet (yanzu Rasha da Ukraine) kuma aka daidaita ta da takamaiman yanayin China, ta ga amfaninta sosai. Duk da haka, babban koma-baya a masana'antu shine yawan farashin samarwa da ƙarancin farashi, galibi saboda lahani na tsarin jiki a cikin hanyar kanta.

Amfani da Ƙananan Zafi

A wannan hanyar, iskar gas ta halitta tana ƙonewa daga saman tanderu, inda harshen wuta ke dumama saman narkewar basalt kai tsaye. Sama da kashi 60% na zafi yana bayyana ta saman narkewa kuma iskar shaye-shaye ke ɗauke da shi. Ganin cewa narkewar basalt mai yawan zafin jiki yana da ƙarfin jure zafi sau goma ƙasa da narkewar gilashin mai yawan zafin jiki, canja wurin zafi yana da jinkiri sosai. Ƙananan tanderu masu raka'a ɗaya za su iya riƙe zurfin narkewa na kimanin 15cm kawai. Yayin da tanderun tanki na basalt mai zafi tan 10,000/shekara na iya isa zurfin narkewa na 50cm tare da dumama lantarki na ƙasa, narkewar ta samar da tsari kamar tasa a cikin tanderu, wanda ke haifar da babban yanki na musamman da kuma yawan zubar zafi. Asarar zafi ta hanyar kayan rufi ya wuce 10%. Saboda haka, ainihin ƙimar amfani da zafi bai wuce 30%.

Ƙananan Ingancin Narkewa

Saboda ƙarancin narkewar ruwa a cikin hanyar harshen wuta, sassan haske da daidaitawa ba za su iya cimma cikakken daidaituwa ba, wanda ke haifar da ƙarancin ingancin narkewa.

Fitar da Iskar Gas ta Shaye-shaye

Konewar iskar gas ta halitta tana samar da iskar gas kamar sulfur da nitrogen oxides.

Iskar Gas ta Greenhouse

A matsayin man fetur na burbushin halitta, konewar iskar gas ta halitta tana fitar da adadi mai yawa na CO2, iskar gas mai gurbata muhalli.

Babban Zuba Jari na Kayan Aiki

Magance hayakin hayakin da ke fitowa daga konewar iskar gas ta halitta yana buƙatar matakan shawo kan gurɓataccen iska. Ƙarancin amfani da zafi yana buƙatar matakan dawo da zafi. Bugu da ƙari, konewar iskar oxygen mai tsabta yana buƙatar kayan aikin samar da iskar oxygen. Waɗannan abubuwa uku suna ƙara yawan jarin kayan aiki sosai. Zuba jarin naúrar don hanyar wuta shine kimanin RMB 11,000-20,000 a kowace tan.

• Hanyar Narkewa ta Wutar Lantarki

Idan aka kwatanta da hanyar harshen wuta, hanyar narkewar wutar lantarki tana ba da fa'idodi masu mahimmanci.

Ingancin Narkewa Mai Kyau

Fasahar narkewar wutar lantarki ta dogara ne akan ƙa'idar cewa narkewar tana da ikon sarrafa wutar lantarki a cikin yanayin narkewa mai zafi mai yawa, wanda ke ba da damar samar da makamashin lantarki kai tsaye zuwa ga narkewa don dumama cikin gida. Tsarin tsaye na lantarki yana sauƙaƙa narkewar wutar lantarki. Tan dubu a kowace shekara tanderun tankin narkewar wutar lantarki na iya cimma zurfin narkewa sama da mita 1.2, yana ba da ƙarin haske da kuma sashin daidaitawa. Yankin isothermal mai zafi mai zafi a cikin tankin ya fi zurfi, wanda ke haifar da ingantaccen narkewa da ingancin daidaitawa ga basalt.

Ingantaccen Makamashi

Dumama na ciki kai tsaye na narkewar narkewa, narkewar a tsaye, tankuna masu zurfi, da kuma rufewar kayan sanyi a saman narkewa suna taimakawa wajen rage yawan narkewar narkewa da kuma ingancin zafi mai yawa. Da farko, electrodes da aka saka kai tsaye cikin narkewar suna tabbatar da cikakken amfani da zafin Joule. Na biyu, matakin narkewar narkewa mai zurfi, tare da zurfinsa yana kusantowa diamita na ciki na tanda, yana haifar da ƙaramin yanki na musamman don narkewar. Wannan tsarin geometric yana rage zubar zafi sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsarin da aka yi da tasa na hanyar harshen wuta. Na uku, murfin kayan sanyi akan saman narkewa yana samar da "saman tanda mai sanyi," wanda ke ƙara rage asarar zafi.

Ƙananan Tafin Carbon

Fasahar narkewar wutar lantarki ta kawar da hayakin carbon da ke da alaƙa da ƙonewar iskar gas ta halitta a cikin hanyar harshen wuta. Haɗakar carbon ɗinta ana ƙayyade ta ne kawai ta hanyar haɗakar makamashin wutar lantarki. Idan aka yi amfani da wutar lantarki ta ruwa ko wasu hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai sabuntawa, ba za a iya cimma sifili da hayakin carbon ba.

Ƙananan Zuba Jari

Tunda hanyar narkewar iskar gas ba ta ƙunshi ƙonewar iskar gas mai tsafta ba, babu buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin tsaftace muhalli na iskar gas mai shaye-shaye ko kayan aikin samar da iskar oxygen. Bugu da ƙari, rufin kayan sanyi a saman narkewa yana nufin babu buƙatar saka hannun jari a cikin kayan aikin dawo da zafi na sharar gida. Saboda haka, saka hannun jari na na'urar don hanyar narkewar wutar lantarki ya yi ƙasa.

Ribar Farashi

Babban tanadin makamashi da ƙarancin raguwar darajar kadarori yana fassara zuwa fa'idar farashi ta musamman.