Inzira ebyiri nyamukuru zikomeza tekinoroji yo gutegura fibre

1. Uburyo bwo gucana

Uburyo bwa flame burimo inzira yo kubyara aho ubushyuhe butangwa muburyo butaziguye Basalt gushonga mumatafari yubakishijwe amatafari yubatswe. Ubushuhe busanzwe butangwa numuriro (nka gaze-ogisijeni karemano cyangwa umuriro ushushe, cyangwa plasma flames) uhereye hejuru yitanura. Ubu buryo bwibanze bwo gushyushya bushobora kongerwaho nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa electrode. Inzira yose ikubiyemo gushonga, gusobanura, no gukora.

Amatanura mato mato mato, yigenga muri rusange muruganda, akoresha gusa ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gutwika gaze kandi akabura electrode yo hasi. Nyamara, kubera gukoresha ingufu nyinshi, ibiciro byumusaruro mwinshi, hamwe nigiciro gito cyibicuruzwa, ibigo byinshi bikoresha iri koranabuhanga bifite igihombo kinini kandi biri hafi guhomba.

Icyerekezo cyiterambere cyuburyo bwa flame ni itanura rishyushye, ikoresha "gazi-amashanyarazi ikomatanya" hamwe na gaze ya gaze-ogisijeni yo hejuru hamwe no gushyushya electrode yo hasi. Ubu buryo bwa "gazi n'amashanyarazi" nuburyo bwikoranabuhanga nyamukuru bwo gukora IkirahureS. Hashyizweho ingufu zo kwimura iryo koranabuhanga mu gukomeza gukora fibre fibre, ariko nubwo bigeragezwa bike, intsinzi ntiragerwaho. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, bamwe bafashe ubundi buryo, bahinduka bava mubikoresho bisanzwe byibirunga byibirunga byahindutse ibikoresho fatizo (ni ukuvuga, harimo igice kinini cyurutare rutari ibirunga). Ibi byatumye hashyirwa mu bikorwa no gukoresha neza toni 10,000 / toni na toni 3.500 / yumwaka imirongo yumuriro wa tanki yashyutswe.

2. Uburyo bwose bwo gushonga amashanyarazi

Uburyo bwo gushonga amashanyarazi yose bukubiyemo uburyo bwo kubyara aho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangwa mu buryo butaziguye mu bushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa basalt yashonga mu itanura ryubakishijwe amatafari yubatswe. Ibi bigerwaho hifashishijwe electrode (nka grafite, molybdenum, tin dioxyde, nibindi) cyangwa (na) ubundi buryo bwumubiri (nkuburyo bwa plasma). Iri koranabuhanga ririmo gushonga, gusobanura, no gukora.

Ubushinwa bukomeje gushiramo fibre ya basalt fibre amashanyarazi yose yatangiranye na gahunda yigihugu 863 mumwaka wa 2002, ikaba yarangije ibikoresho bito byo gushushanya itanura rito ryifashishije ubu buryo. Iterambere rikomeye muburyo bukomeza fibre tekinoroji yo gushushanya amashanyarazi yose yagezweho mumwaka wa 2016, hamwe no kuzuza icyuma gipima-toni igihumbi / toni yumwaka itanura ryamashanyarazi yose. Sisitemu ikoresha imirongo myinshi itera imbere ya electrode, ituma urwego rwamazi ashonga kugeza kuri 1300mm. Ibicuruzwa bya monofilament diameter yibanda hagati ya 9-22 mm, kandi ingufu zose zikoreshwa ni 3.0-3.5 kWh / kg, byerekana ingaruka nziza zo kuzigama ingufu. Muri 2018, umurongo wa toni 1200 / yumwaka wose w'amashanyarazi yo gutanura itanura ("umwe kugeza kuri umunani," ukoresheje 400-umwobo). Yakoze neza mumyaka irenga itatu, igenzura ko itanura rishobora kugera kumyaka irenga itatu.

Kugeza magingo aya, kubikoresho byibanze byibirunga bisanzwe, tekinoroji ya basalt fibre ikora ikomeza gusa kurwego rwa tekinoroji ya toni igihumbi / yumwaka, kandi kubwuburyo bwo gushonga amashanyarazi yose.

3. Kugereranya inzira ebyiri zikoranabuhanga

Ibiranga ubushyuhe bwo hejuru basalt yashonga, ni ukuvuga ububobere buke bwumuriro, ubukonje bwinshi, nibintu bigufi, nibyo rwose bituma gukora fibre fibre ikomeza bitoroshye.

• Uburyo bwa Flame

Uburyo bwa flame, tekinoroji ikuze cyane yatangijwe kuva mu cyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti (ubu ni Uburusiya na Ukraine) kandi ihuza n'imiterere yihariye y'Ubushinwa, imaze gukoreshwa cyane. Nyamara, imbogamizi nini mu nganda n’igiciro kinini cy’umusaruro n’igiciro gito, ahanini biterwa nubusembwa bwimiterere yimiterere muburyo ubwabwo.

Gukoresha Ubushyuhe Buke

Muri ubu buryo, gaze karemano irashya hejuru yitanura, hamwe numuriro ushyushya hejuru ya basalt yashonga. Hejuru ya 60% yubushyuhe bugaragazwa nubushuhe kandi bigatwarwa na gaze. Urebye ko ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa basalt yashonga ifite ubushyuhe bwumuriro inshuro icumi munsi yubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwikirahure, ubushyuhe bwoherejwe buhoro. Itanura rito, rimwe-rimwe rishobora kugumana gusa ubujyakuzimu bwa 15cm. Mugihe itanura ya toni 10,000 / yumwaka itanura rya basalt batch batan irashobora gushika mubwimbike bwa 50cm hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hasi bwa electrode yo gushyushya, gushonga bikora ibintu bimeze nkibisahani mumatanura, biganisha ku buso bunini bwihariye kandi bukwirakwizwa nubushyuhe bukabije. Gutakaza ubushyuhe binyuze mubikoresho byo kubika birenze 10%. Kubwibyo, igipimo nyacyo cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe kiri munsi ya 30%.

Ubwiza bwo gushonga

Bitewe nurwego rudashonga muburyo bwa flame, ibisobanuro no guhuza ibice ntibishobora kugera kubantu bose, bigatuma ubwiza bwo hasi bushonga.

Umwuka wa gaz

Gutwika gaze karemano bitanga imyuka ya gaze nka sulfure na azote ya azote.

Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere

Nka lisansi y’ibimera, gaze gasanzwe irekura umubare munini wa CO2, gaze ya parike.

Ishoramari ryibikoresho byinshi

Gukemura imyuka ihumanya ikirere ituruka ku gutwika gaze bisaba ingamba zo kurwanya umwanda. Gukoresha ubushyuhe buke bisaba kandi ingamba zo kugarura ubushyuhe. Byongeye kandi, gutwika umwuka mwiza wa ogisijeni bisaba ibikoresho bya ogisijeni. Ibi bintu bitatu byongera cyane ishoramari ryibikoresho. Igice cyo gushora muburyo bwa flame ni hafi 11,000-20.000 by'amafaranga kuri toni.

• Uburyo bwose bwo gushonga amashanyarazi

Ugereranije nuburyo bwa flame, uburyo bwose bwo gushonga amashanyarazi butanga ibyiza bigaragara.

Ubwiza bwo gushonga

Tekinoroji yo gushonga amashanyarazi yose ishingiye ku ihame ry'uko gushonga bitwara amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyane, bigatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangwa mu buryo butaziguye kugira ngo zishyuhe imbere. Gahunda ihagaritse ya electrode yorohereza gushonga. Toni igihumbi kumwaka itanura ryamashanyarazi yose irashobora kugera kuburebure bwa metero zirenga 1,2, bigatanga ibisobanuro birebire hamwe nigice kimwe. Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa isothermal zone muri tank ni ndende, biganisha ku gushonga neza no guhuza homogenisation kuri basalt.

Ingufu

Gushyushya byimbere imbere gushonga, gushonga guhagaritse, ibigega byimbitse, hamwe no gukonjesha ibintu bikonje hejuru yubushonga bigira uruhare runini rwo gushonga no gukora neza cyane. Ubwa mbere, electrode yinjijwe mumashanyarazi ituma ikoreshwa neza ryubushyuhe bwa Joule. Icyakabiri, urwego rwimbitse rushonga, hamwe nubujyakuzimu bwegereye diameter yimbere yimbere, bivamo umuto muto, hafi-ntoya yubuso bwihariye bwo gushonga. Imiterere ya geometrike igabanya cyane kugabanuka kwubushyuhe ugereranije nuburyo bumeze nkibikoresho byuburyo bwa flame. Icya gatatu, ibintu bikonje bitwikiriye hejuru yashonze bigira "itanura rikonje," bikagabanya gutakaza ubushyuhe.

Ikirenge gito cya Carbone

Tekinoroji yo gushonga amashanyarazi yose ikuraho imyuka ya karubone ijyanye no gutwika gaze muburyo bwa flame. Ibyuka byangiza imyuka ya karubone bigenwa gusa nuruvange rwamashanyarazi. Niba amashanyarazi cyangwa andi masoko y’ingufu zishobora gukoreshwa, imyuka ya karubone irashobora kugerwaho.

Ishoramari Rito

Kubera ko uburyo bwo gushonga amashanyarazi yose butarimo umwuka wa ogisijeni usukuye wa gaze karemano, nta mpamvu yo gushora imari mubikoresho byo gutunganya ibidukikije bya gaze cyangwa ibikoresho bya ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, gukonjesha ibintu bikonje hejuru yubushyuhe bivuze ko nta shoramari ryibikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe bisabwa. Igice cyo gushora muburyo bwose bwo gushonga amashanyarazi rero kiri hasi.

Inyungu y'Ibiciro

Ingufu zikomeye zo kuzigama no guta agaciro k'umutungo utimukanwa bisobanura inyungu zinyuranye.