Ikoranabuhanga ribiri rikuru ritegura fibre ya basalt ihoraho
1. Uburyo bw'umuriro
Uburyo bw'umuriro bukubiyemo inzira yo gukora aho ubushyuhe bugera ku buso bwa Basalt Gushonga mu itanura rya basalt rifite amatafari adafite aho ahuriye n’umuriro. Ubu bushyuhe bukunze guterwa n’umuriro (nk’umwuka usanzwe cyangwa umwuka ushyushye, cyangwa umuriro wa plasma) uva hejuru y’itanura. Ubu buryo bw’ibanze bwo gushyushya bushobora kongerwaho no gushyushya electrode yo hasi. Uburyo bwose bukubiyemo gushonga, gukamura no gukora.
Amatanura mato, yigenga, ari nayo akoreshwa cyane muri iki gihe mu nganda, akoresha gusa ubushyuhe bwa gaze karemano kandi nta electrode z’inyongera zikoreshwa hasi. Ariko, bitewe n’uko akoresha ingufu nyinshi, ibiciro byo gukora byinshi, ndetse n’igiciro gito cy’ibicuruzwa, amasosiyete menshi akoresha iri koranabuhanga arimo guhura n’igihombo gikomeye kandi ari hafi guhomba.
Icyerekezo cy'iterambere ry'uburyo bw'umuriro ni itanura ry'ikigega gishyushye nk'umuriro, ikoresha uburyo bwa "gas-electric combination" hamwe no gutwika gaz-oxygen hejuru ndetse no gushyushya electrode yo hasi. Ubu buryo bwa "gas-electric combination" ni ikoranabuhanga rigezweho mu gukora Fibre y'ikirahures, kandi aya mashyiga y’ibirahure akora neza cyane kandi neza, cyane cyane amashyiga y’ibirahure, hafi ya yose yabaye ihame mu miterere y’amashyiga y’ibirahure ashushanya amashyiga y’ibirahure. Hashyizweho imbaraga zo kwimura ubu buryo mu gukora amashyiga y’ibirahure ahoraho, ariko nubwo hari igeragezwa rito, intsinzi ntiragerwaho. Mu myaka ibiri ishize, bamwe bafashe uburyo butandukanye, bava ku bikoresho by’umwimerere by’ibirunga bikomoka ku birunga bakajya ku bikoresho by’ibanze byakozwe (ni ukuvuga, gushyiramo igice kinini cy’amabuye atari ibirunga). Ibi byatumye habaho gukora no gukoresha neza imiyoboro y’amashyiga y’ibirahure ya toni 10.000 ku mwaka na toni 3.500 ku mwaka.
2. Uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose
Uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose burimo inzira yo gukora aho ingufu z'amashanyarazi zishyirwa mu itanura rya basalt rishyushye cyane mu itanura rya basalt rifite amatafari ahindagurika. Ibi bigerwaho binyuze muri electrodes (nka grafiti, molybdenum, tin dioxide, nibindi) cyangwa (na) ubundi buryo bufatika (nk'uburyo bwa plasma). Ubu buryo bukubiyemo gushonga, gusesengura, no gukora.
Uburyo bwo gushonga bwa basalt fibre bukoresha amashanyarazi yose mu Bushinwa bwatangiye na gahunda y'igihugu ya 863 mu 2002, yasoje igikoresho gito cyo gushushanya itanura ryigenga gikoresheje ubu buryo. Iterambere rikomeye mu buryo bukomeje fibre ya basalt Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushushanya imashini ishongesha hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose ryagezweho mu 2016, hamwe n'ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'itanura rishongesha rifite toni igihumbi ku mwaka. Ubu buryo bukoresha electrode nyinshi zigenda zizamuka, zituma uburebure bw'amazi ashongesha bugera kuri mm 1300. Umurambararo wa monofilament y'ibicuruzwa uri hagati ya 9-22μm, kandi ingufu zikoreshwa ni 3.0-3.5 kWh / kg, bigaragaza ingaruka nziza zo kuzigama ingufu. Mu 2018, umurongo wo gukora itanura rishongesha rifite amashanyarazi ya toni 1200 ku mwaka ("kuva kuri rimwe kugeza ku munani," hakoreshejwe spinnerets 400 z'imyobo) washyizweho ku mugaragaro. Rimaze imyaka irenga itatu rikora neza, ryemeza ko igihe cyo gukora itanura gishobora kugera ku myaka irenga itatu.
Kugeza ubu, ku bikoresho by’umwimerere by’amabuye y’ibirunga, ikoranabuhanga rihoraho ryo gukora fibre ya basalt rikomeje gukoreshwa gusa ku rwego rw’ikoranabuhanga rya toni igihumbi ku mwaka w’ikigega cy’itara, kandi gusa ku buryo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose.
3. Kugereranya inzira ebyiri z'ikoranabuhanga
Ibiranga ubushyuhe bwinshi gushonga kwa basalt, ni ukuvuga ubushobozi buke bwo gutwara ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwinshi, n'imiterere migufi y'ibikoresho, ni byo bituma gukora fibre ya basalt ikomeza bigorana.
- Uburyo bw'umuriro
Uburyo bw'umuriro, ikoranabuhanga rigezweho ryazanywe n'icyahoze ari Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti (ubu ni Uburusiya na Ukraine) kandi ryahinduwe hakurikijwe imiterere yihariye y'Ubushinwa, ryakoreshejwe cyane. Ariko, ikibazo gikomeye mu iterambere ry'inganda ni ibiciro biri hejuru by'umusaruro no kudahenda cyane, ahanini bitewe n'inenge z'imiterere y'uburyo ubwabwo.
Gukoresha ubushyuhe buke
Muri ubu buryo, gaze karemano itwikwa iva hejuru y'itanura, umuriro ugashyushya ubuso bwa basalt bushonga. Ubushyuhe burenga 60% bugaragazwa n'ubushyuhe bushonga kandi bugatwarwa n'imyuka isohora umwuka. Bitewe n'uko basalt ishonga mu bushyuhe bwinshi ifite ubushyuhe bukabije buri munsi y'ubushyuhe incuro icumi ugereranyije n'ubushyuhe bushonga mu kirahure, ubushyuhe bugenda buhoro cyane. Amatanura mato, afite igice kimwe ashobora kugumana ubujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 15 gusa. Mu gihe amatanura ya basalt ashyushye toni 10.000 ku mwaka ashobora kugera ku bujyakuzimu bwa santimetero 50 ashyushye hifashishijwe electrode y'inyongera yo hasi, ubushyuhe bukora imiterere isa n'isahani mu itanura, bigatuma ubuso bunini bwihariye bushonga kandi ubushyuhe bugashira cyane. Ubushyuhe butakaza 10%. Kubera iyo mpamvu, igipimo nyacyo cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe kiri munsi ya 30%.
Ubwiza bwo gushonga buri hasi
Bitewe n'urugero rw'ubushyuhe buke mu buryo bw'umuriro, ibice byo gusobanura no guhuza ntibishobora kugera ku guhuza neza, bigatuma ubuziranenge bwo gushonga buba buke.
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere biva mu mwuka
Gutwika gaze karemano bitanga imyuka isohora umwotsi nka sulfur na azote.
Ibyuka bihumanya ikirere
Nk'ibikomoka kuri peteroli, gutwika gaze karemano bisohora ingano nini ya CO2, imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Ishoramari ry'ibikoresho byinshi
Gukemura imyuka ihumanya ituruka ku gutwika gaze karemano bisaba ingamba zo kugenzura umwanda. Gukoresha ubushyuhe buke bisaba kandi ingamba zo kugarura ubushyuhe bw'imyanda. Byongeye kandi, gutwika ogisijeni yonyine bisaba ibikoresho bitanga ogisijeni. Ibi bintu bitatu byongera cyane ishoramari ry'ibikoresho. Ishoramari ry'ibikoresho mu buryo bw'umuriro ni hagati ya 11.000-20.000 RMB kuri toni.
- Uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose
Ugereranyije n'uburyo bw'umuriro, uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose butanga ibyiza bidasanzwe.
Ubwiza bwo gushonga cyane
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose rishingiye ku ihame ry'uko gushonga bitwara amashanyarazi mu gihe cy'ubushyuhe bwinshi, bigatuma ingufu z'amashanyarazi zitangwa mu buryo butaziguye mu gushonga kugira ngo bishyushye imbere mu mubiri. Imiterere ihagaze ya electrodes yorohereza gushonga mu buryo buhagaze. Toni igihumbi ku mwaka, amatanura ya tanuri akoresha amashanyarazi yose ashobora kugera ku burebure bwa metero zisaga 1.2, bigatanga ibisobanuro birebire n'igice cyo guhuza. Agace k'ubushyuhe bwinshi kari mu kigega kari hejuru cyane, bigatuma basalt ishonga neza kandi ikagira imiterere ihamye.
Gukoresha neza ingufu
Gushyushya imbere mu buryo butaziguye kw'ishongeshwa, gushonga mu buryo buhagaze, ibigega byimbitse, no gupfuka ibikoresho bikonje ku buso bushongeshwa bigira uruhare mu gushonga cyane no gukoresha neza ubushyuhe. Ubwa mbere, electrode zinjizwa mu buryo butaziguye zituma ubushyuhe bwa Joule bukoreshwa neza. Icya kabiri, urwego rw'ishongeshwa ry'ubushyuhe, hamwe n'ubujyakuzimu bwabwo bwegereye umurambararo w'imbere w'itanura, bituma ubuso buto, hafi ya buri munsi, bugabanya cyane gushonga k'ubushyuhe ugereranije n'imiterere isa n'isahani yo mu buryo bw'umuriro. Icya gatatu, gupfuka ibikoresho bikonje ku buso bushongeshwa bikora "igorofa ikonje hejuru y'itanura," bigabanya cyane gutakaza ubushyuhe.
Ikirenge cya karuboni nkeya
Ikoranabuhanga ryo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose rikuraho imyuka ihumanya ikirere ijyana no gutwika gaze karemano mu buryo bw'umuriro. Imyuka ihumanya ikirere iterwa gusa n'imvange y'ingufu z'amashanyarazi. Iyo ingufu zikomoka ku mazi cyangwa izindi ngufu zishobora kuvugururwa zikoreshejwe, nta byuka bihumanya ikirere bishobora kugerwaho.
Ishoramari ryo hasi
Kubera ko uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose budakoresha umwuka wa ogisijeni gusa, nta mpamvu yo gushora imari mu bikoresho byo gutunganya imyuka ihumanya ikirere cyangwa ibikoresho byo gukora ogisijeni. Byongeye kandi, gutwikira ibikoresho bikonje ku buso bw'imyuka bivamo umwuka bivuze ko nta shoramari rikenewe mu bikoresho byo kugarura ubushyuhe. Bityo rero, ishoramari ry'uburyo bwo gushonga hakoreshejwe amashanyarazi yose riragabanuka.
Inyungu ku Giciro
Kuzigama ingufu cyane no kugabanuka k'agaciro k'umutungo uhoraho bitanga inyungu idasanzwe ku giciro.
