Iiteknoloji ezimbini eziphambili zokulungiselela i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo
1. Indlela yeLanga
Indlela yelangatye ibandakanya inkqubo yokuvelisa apho ubushushu buthunyelwa ngqo kumphezulu womlilo. I-Basalt inyibilike kwi-oven ye-basalt eyakhiwe ngezitena enganyangekiyo. Olu bushushu ludla ngokuveliswa ngamalangatye (afana negesi yendalo-oksijini okanye ukutsha komoya oshushu, okanye amalangatye e-plasma) avela phezulu kwesithando. Le ndlela yokufudumeza ephambili inokuxhaswa ngokufudumeza kwe-electrode esezantsi. Yonke le nkqubo igubungela ukunyibilikisa, ukucacisa, kunye nokwenziwa.
Ii-oven ezincinci, ezizimeleyo, ezisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino, zisebenzisa kuphela ukufudumeza okuphezulu kwegesi yendalo kwaye azinazo ii-electrode ezincedisayo ezisezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yokusebenzisa kwazo amandla aphezulu, iindleko eziphezulu zemveliso, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwexabiso lemveliso, uninzi lweenkampani ezisebenzisa obu buchwephesha zijongene nelahleko enkulu kwaye zisecicini lokubhanga.
Isikhokelo sophuhliso lwendlela yelangatye yile isithando somlilo setanki esishushu, esebenzisa indlela "yokudibanisa igesi nombane" kunye nokutsha kwegesi yendalo kunye neoksijini kunye nokufudumeza i-electrode esezantsi. Le ndlela "yokudibanisa igesi nombane" yeyona teknoloji iphambili yokuvelisa Ifayibha yeglasis, kwaye ezi zikilni zefayibha yeglasi zisebenza ngokukhula nangokuphumelelayo, ingakumbi iikilni zeyunithi, eziphantse zaba ngumgangatho woyilo lwezikilni zefayibha yeglasi. Kuye kwenziwa imizamo yokudlulisela obu buchwephesha ekuvelisweni kwefayibha ye-basalt okuqhubekayo, kodwa nangona bevavanyiwe kancinci, impumelelo ayikafikelelwa. Kwiminyaka emibini edlulileyo, abanye baye bathatha indlela eyahlukileyo, betshintsha ukusuka kwizixhobo eziluhlaza zendalo zelitye lentaba-mlilo ukuya kwizixhobo eziluhlaza ezenziweyo (oko kukuthi, ukufaka inxalenye enkulu yamatye angengomlilo). Oku kukhokelele ekuqalisweni nasekusebenzeni ngempumelelo kwemigca yemveliso yesikilni yetanki esishushu ngamalangatye esiyi-10,000-ton/ngonyaka kunye ne-3,500-ton/ngonyaka.
2. Indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke
Indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke ibandakanya inkqubo yemveliso apho amandla ombane athunyelwa ngqo kwi-basalt melt enobushushu obuphezulu ngaphakathi kwi-oven ye-basalt eyakhiwe ngezitena ezinganyangekiyo. Oku kufezekiswa ngee-electrodes (ezifana ne-graphite, i-molybdenum, i-tin dioxide, njl.njl.) okanye (kunye) nezinye iindlela zomzimba (ezifana neendlela ze-plasma). Le teknoloji igubungela ukunyibilikisa, ukucacisa, kunye nokwenziwa.
Indlela yokunyibilikisa i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo yaseTshayina yaqala ngeNkqubo kazwelonke ye-863 ngo-2002, eyagqiba isixhobo sokuzoba isitovu esizimeleyo esincinci sisebenzisa le ndlela. Impumelelo ebalulekileyo kwinkqubela phambili ifayibha yebasalt Itekhnoloji yokuzoba ukunyibilika kombane wonke yafezekiswa ngo-2016, ngokugqitywa kwesithando somlilo setanki yokunyibilika yombane wonke esili-1000 ton/ngonyaka. Le nkqubo isebenzisa ii-electrode eziqhubekekayo ezinemigca emininzi, ezivumela ubunzulu bomgangatho wolwelo olunyibilikayo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1300mm. Ububanzi be-monofilament yemveliso buxinene phakathi kwe-9-22μm, kwaye ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okubanzi yi-3.0-3.5 kWh/kg, okubonisa iziphumo ezilungileyo zokonga amandla. Ngo-2018, umgca wokuvelisa isithando somlilo setanki yokunyibilika yombane wonke wonke esiyi-1200 ton/ngonyaka ("enye ukuya kwisibhozo," kusetyenziswa ii-spinnerets ezingama-400-hole) waqaliswa ngokusesikweni. Usebenze ngokuzinzileyo kangangeminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu, uqinisekisa ukuba ubomi besithando bunokufikelela kwiminyaka engaphezu kwemithathu.
Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kwizinto eziluhlaza zendalo eziphuma kwintaba-mlilo, iteknoloji yokuvelisa ifayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo igcinwa kuphela kwinqanaba letekhnoloji yesithando setanki seetoni eziliwaka ngonyaka, kwaye yenzelwe kuphela indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane kuphela.
3. Ukuthelekiswa kweendlela ezimbini zobuchwepheshe
Iimpawu zobushushu obuphezulu i-basalt melt, oko kukuthi, ukuhanjiswa kwayo kobushushu obuphantsi, ukuxinana okuphezulu, kunye neempawu zayo ezimfutshane, zezona zinto zibangela ukuba ukwenziwa kwefayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo kube nzima.
- Indlela yeLangabi
Indlela yelangabi, iteknoloji evuthiweyo evezwe kwiSoviet Union yangaphambili (ngoku yiRashiya neUkraine) kwaye yalungiselelwa iimeko ezithile zaseTshayina, isetyenziswa kakhulu. Nangona kunjalo, ingxaki yayo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kwemizi-mveliso ziindleko eziphezulu zemveliso kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ikakhulu ngenxa yeziphene zomzimba ezikwindlela ngokwayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphantsi
Ngale ndlela, igesi yendalo iyatsha isuka phezulu kwesithando somlilo, apho ilangatye lifudumeza ngqo umphezulu onyibilikayo we-basalt. Ngaphezulu kwe-60% yobushushu bubonakaliswa ngumphezulu onyibilikayo kwaye buthwalwa ziigesi zokukhupha umoya. Ngenxa yokuba i-basalt melt enobushushu obuphezulu inomoya ofudumalayo ophantsi ngokuphindwe kalishumi kune-glass melt enobushushu obuphezulu, ukudluliselwa kobushushu kuhamba kancinci kakhulu. Ii-furniture ezincinci, ezineyunithi enye zinokugcina ubunzulu bokunyibilika obumalunga ne-15cm kuphela. Ngelixa ii-furniture ze-basalt batch tank ezifudumalayo ezingama-10,000-ton ngonyaka zinokufikelela kubunzulu bokunyibilika obungama-50cm ngokufudumala kwe-electrode esezantsi, ukunyibilika kwenza isakhiwo esifana nesitya ngaphakathi kwesithando somlilo, okukhokelela kwindawo enkulu ethile kunye nokuchithwa kobushushu okukhulu. Ukulahleka kobushushu ngezinto zokufudumala kudlula i-10%. Ngenxa yoko, izinga lokusetyenziswa kobushushu langempela lingaphantsi kwe-30%.
Umgangatho ophantsi wokunyibilika
Ngenxa yenqanaba lokunyibilika okungaphantsi kwindlela yelangatye, iindawo zokucacisa kunye nokudibanisa azikwazi ukufikelela kwi-homogenization epheleleyo, nto leyo ebangela umgangatho wokunyibilika ophantsi.
Ukukhutshwa kwegesi ephumayo
Ukutsha kwegesi yendalo kuvelisa iigesi zokukhupha umoya ezifana nesulfure kunye ne-nitrogen oxides.
Ukukhutshwa kwegesi eluhlaza
Njenge-fossil fuel, ukutsha kwegesi yendalo kukhupha ubungakanani obukhulu be-CO2, igesi yegreenhouse.
Utyalo-mali lweZixhobo eziPhakamileyo
Ukujongana nokukhutshwa kwegesi ephumayo ngenxa yokutsha kwegesi yendalo kufuna amanyathelo okulawula ungcoliseko. Ukusetyenziswa kobushushu obuphantsi kufuna amanyathelo okubuyisela ubushushu obumdaka. Ngaphezu koko, ukutsha kweoksijini ecocekileyo kufuna izixhobo zokwenza ioksijini. Ezi zinto zintathu zinyusa kakhulu utyalo-mali lwezixhobo. Utyalo-mali lweyunithi yendlela yelangatye lumalunga ne-11,000-20,000 RMB ngetoni nganye.
- Indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke
Xa kuthelekiswa nendlela yelangatye, indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke inika iingenelo eziphawulekayo.
Umgangatho oPhezulu wokunyibilika
Itekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke isekelwe kumgaqo wokuba ukunyibilikisa kuqhuba umbane kwimeko yokunyibilikisa ubushushu obuphezulu, okuvumela amandla ombane ukuba anikezelwe ngqo kwi-melt ukuze kufudunyezwe ngaphakathi. Ulungiselelo oluthe nkqo lwee-electrodes lwenza kube lula ukunyibilikisa ngokuthe nkqo. Ii-oven eziliwaka ngonyaka zetanki yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke zinokufikelela kubunzulu bokunyibilikisa obungaphezulu kweemitha ezili-1.2, zibonelela ngengcaciso ende kunye necandelo lokudibanisa. Indawo ye-isothermal yobushushu obuphezulu ngaphakathi kwitanki inzulu, nto leyo ekhokelela kumgangatho ongcono wokunyibilikisa kunye nokudibanisa i-basalt.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla
Ukufudumeza ngqo ngaphakathi kokunyibilika, ukunyibilika ngokuthe nkqo, iitanki ezinzulu, kunye nokugqunywa kwezinto ezibandayo kumphezulu wokunyibilika kuncedisa kumazinga aphezulu okunyibilika kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kobushushu. Okokuqala, ii-electrode ezifakwe ngqo kwi-melt ziqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa ngokupheleleyo kobushushu beJoule. Okwesibini, inqanaba lokunyibilika okunzulu, kunye nobunzulu balo obusondela kububanzi bangaphakathi besithando, kubangela indawo encinci, ephantse ibe ncinci yomphezulu othile wokunyibilika. Olu lwakhiwo lwejometri lunciphisa kakhulu ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo esifana nesitya sendlela yelangatye. Okwesithathu, ukugqunywa kwezinto ezibandayo kumphezulu wokunyibilika kwenza "i-furnace ebandayo ephezulu," nto leyo enciphisa ngakumbi ukulahleka kobushushu.
I-Footprint yeKhabhoni ephantsi
Itekhnoloji yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke isusa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni okunxulunyaniswa nokutsha kwegesi yendalo kwindlela yelangatye. Ukukhutshwa kwayo kwekhabhoni kugqitywa kuphela ngumxube wamandla wegridi yamandla. Ukuba kusetyenziswa amandla e-hydropower okanye eminye imithombo yamandla ahlaziyekayo, akukho kukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kunokwenziwa.
Utyalo-mali oluphantsi
Ekubeni indlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke ingabandakanyi ukutshiswa kwegesi yendalo yioksijini kuphela, akukho mfuneko yokutyala imali kwizixhobo zonyango lokusingqongileyo lwegesi ephumayo okanye kwizixhobo zokwenza ioksijini. Ukongeza, ukugqunywa kwezinto ezibandayo kumphezulu wokunyibilikisa kuthetha ukuba akufuneki kutyalwe mali kwizixhobo zokubuyisa ubushushu obumdaka. Utyalo-mali lweyunithi yendlela yokunyibilikisa umbane wonke wonke luphantsi.
Inzuzo yeendleko
Ukonga amandla okubalulekileyo kunye nokwehla kwexabiso lee-asethi ezizinzileyo kuguqulela kwinzuzo ekhethekileyo yeendleko.
