Uburyo bwo kugenda bwa karuboni nke: Ibikoresho byo mu nzu bihindura fibre ya basalt

Nk’ingenzi mu gutwara no gutwara ibinyabiziga, kuvugurura ibikoresho byo mu kazu k’imodoka byabaye ingenzi mu guhindura ingendo zikoresha karubone nke. Muri iki gihe, ibikoresho byo mu kazu bihura n’ingorane nko kutagirira akamaro ibidukikije neza, uburemere bukabije, n’ibyago bishobora guteza ubuzima. Plastike gakondo, uruhu, n’ibindi biva mu mahanga. Ibikoresho by'ibirungo Ntabwo batanga ingufu nyinshi gusa ahubwo banahura n’ibibazo by’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere bya VOC ndetse n’ingorane zo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho, ibi bikaba bivuguruza igitekerezo cy’ingendo nke zikoresha karubone.Fibre ya basalt, nk'umunyu w'icyatsi kibisi udakora, ukorwa muri basalt karemano binyuze mu gushonga. Ufite ibyiza bidasanzwe nko kugira umwuka muke wa karubone, kubungabunga ibidukikije, Yoroheje, kurwanya ikirere cyane, hamwe n’imiterere myiza ya mekanike. Nyuma yo guhindura ibintu bitandukanye no guhanga udushya mu mikorere, yageze ku ikoreshwa rinini mu bijyanye n’ibikoresho by’imodoka, ihindura uburyo bw’ibikoresho by’imodoka mu buryo butandukanye bwo kurengera ibidukikije, imikorere, n’ikiguzi, ishyira imbaraga mu ngendo nke zikoresha karubone nke.

Ibiranga by'ingenzi bya fibre ya basalt bihuye neza n'ibikenewe mu guhanga udushya mu bikoresho by'imodoka bifite karuboni nkeya, byubaka ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ibidukikije. Mu bijyanye no kurengera ibidukikije, gukora fibre ya basalt nta guhindura imiti, bishingiye gusa ku gushonga no gukurura. Ingufu zikoreshwa ni 20%-30% munsi ya fibre y'ibirahure kandi ni 60% munsi ya fibre ya karuboni, nta byuka bihumanya. Imyanda ya basalt ishobora kwangirika cyangwa igasenywa ikongera gukoreshwa, bigatuma igumana 80% by'imikorere yayo. Ubuzima bwose bwa karuboni buri munsi ya 45%-60% ugereranyije n'ibikoresho bisanzwe by'imodoka, bihuye neza n'intego nyamukuru yo "kugabanya karuboni no kugabanya imyuka ihumanya" mu ngendo nkeya za karuboni. Ku bijyanye no koroshya, fibre ya basalt ifite ubucucike bwa 2.6-2.8 g/cm³ gusa, igereranywa na fibre y'ibirahure kandi ikoroshye kurusha 60% ugereranyije n'icyuma. Ibikoresho bivanze bikozwemo bifite imbaraga zihariye zikubye inshuro 3-4 z'iplasitike gakondo n'inshuro 2-3 z'aluminiyumu. Gukoresha iyi modoka mu gukora ibice by’imodoka bishobora kugabanya ibiro byayo hagati ya 30% na 50%, bigagabanya ingufu zikoreshwa mu modoka kandi bigatera imbere mu kunoza urwego rw’imodoka nshya zikoresha ingufu.

Ku bijyanye n'ubuzima n'imikorere, ibikoresho bya basalt fibre bigizwe n'ibinyabutabire nta mpumuro bifite kandi bifite imyuka mike ya VOC. Irekurwa ry'imyuka mibi nka formaldehyde na benzene riri munsi cyane y'amahame y'igihugu agenga ibidukikije ku byumba by'imodoka, rikemura ibibazo by'ubuzima by'ibikoresho gakondo aho bikomoka. Bifite kandi ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'ikirere, kudashira, no kudashira kw'umuriro. Nyuma yo gupima ubushyuhe buri hejuru n'ubushyuhe buke (-40℃ kugeza +80℃) no gusaza kwa UV, igipimo cyo kugumana imikorere kigera kuri 85%. Ubudashira buri hejuru y'inshuro enye ugereranije na pulasitiki gakondo, kandi igipimo cyo kudashira kw'umuriro kigera kuri UL94 V-0, bigatuma biberanye n'ibidukikije bigoye by'ibibuga by'imodoka kandi bikanatuma imodoka zigendera ku mutekano.

Binyuze mu guhindura ibintu bivanze no kunoza imikorere, fibre ya basalt ituma ibikoresho bihinduka mu bice byinshi by’imodoka. Muri sisitemu yo kwicaraho, ibikoresho bivanze bya basalt fibre ya PP / PA bikoreshwa mu gukora intebe y’intebe, inyuma y’inyuma, n’agace k’umutwe, bigabanya uburemere ku kigero kirenga 50% ugereranije n’amashusho y’icyuma asanzwe kandi binongera ibidukikije ku kigero cya 30% ugereranije n’amashusho y’ibirahure bivanze bya fibre. Bihujwe n’imyenda y’intebe ikozwe mu mwenda utari uwometseho fibre ya basalt, ibi bikoresho bitanga ubushobozi bwo guhumeka, ubushobozi bwo kurwanya bagiteri, no kudakoresha umuriro, bigabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere ku kigero kirenga 70%, bityo bikongera ihumure n’ubuzima bwiza bwo gutwara imodoka. Nyuma yo gukoresha ubu buryo bwo kwicaraho, umucuruzi umwe w’imodoka wo mu rugo yagabanutseho ibiro bigera kuri 6-8 mu gice cy’imodoka kuri buri modoka, ndetse n’ubwiyongere bwa 6%-8% mu binyabiziga bishya bikoresha ingufu.

Mu gice cy'imbere, utubati two ku meza, utubati two hagati, n'inzugi zikozwe muri fibre ya basalt n'ibinyabutabire bya resin bishingiye kuri bio bishobora kwigana neza imiterere y'ibiti, icyuma, na fibre ya karuboni, bigatuma habaho imiterere yihariye. Ibikoresho bifite ubukana bwa HRC 30 cyangwa irenga, bigatuma bidashwanyagurika, byoroshye gusukura, kandi bimara igihe kirenze kabiri ugereranije n'ibice bisanzwe bya pulasitiki. Muri icyo gihe, imiterere yabyo yoroheje igabanya umutwaro wose ku gice cy'abagenzi, kandi hamwe n'uburyo bwo gushushanya buhuriweho, bigabanya umubare w'ibice bigize icyo gice, bikongera ubuziranenge bw'imiterere y'igice cy'abagenzi. Byongeye kandi, ibi bikoresho bivanze bishobora no gukoreshwa mu bice nk'amasanduku yo kubikamo abagenzi n'aho bahagarara, bikongera uburyo ibikoresho bikoresha karuboni nkeya bikoreshwa.

Ku bijyanye n'ibice bikora, ibikoresho bivanze byubakishijwe fibre ya basalt zikoreshwa mu bice by'ingenzi nko mu miyoboro y'insinga z'abagenzi, imiyoboro y'umwuka ushyushye, n'imirongo y'amagare. Imiyoboro y'insinga z'insinga, hamwe n'ubushyuhe bwayo buhanitse kandi idashira, ishobora gusimbura imiyoboro isanzwe ya PVC, ikagabanya uburemere bwa 40% kandi ikamara igihe cy'akazi inshuro 3. Umuyoboro w'umwuka ushyushye ukoresha ibikoresho bya basalt fibre composite foam bifite ubushyuhe bungana na 0.03 W/(m·K), ikongera ubushyuhe ku kigero cya 50%, ikagabanya ikoreshwa ry'ingufu mu buryo bw'umwuka ushyushye, kandi icyarimwe ikagira imikorere myiza yo kugabanya urusaku, ikagabanya urusaku ku kigero cya 10-15 dB no kongera ituze mu rugendo.

Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ryo mu gihugu no kuvugurura inganda bikomeje kongera ubushobozi bwo guhuza fibre ya basalt n’ibikoresho byo mu kabari. Ibigo byo mu gihugu binoza imbaraga zo guhuza fibre na resin matrix binyuze mu guhindura ubuso bwa fibre (silane coupling agents, plasma treatment), byongera imiterere y’ibikoresho bivanze ku kigero cya 25%-35%. Banateje imbere uburyo bwo gushushanya nko gushushanya mu buryo bw’inyongera, gukanda, no gukoresha vacuum adsorption bihuye n’ibice byo mu kabari, bituma habaho gukora neza ibice bikomeye byo mu buso, bigabanya uruziga rwo gushushanya ku kigero kirenga 30% ugereranije n’uburyo busanzwe, kandi bigabanya ikiguzi ku kigero cya 20%-30%. Byongeye kandi, ubufatanye hagati y’inganda n’ubushakashatsi burimo kubaka sisitemu yuzuye y’inganda ikubiyemo "ibikoresho fatizo - ibikoresho bivanze - gushushanya - kongera gukoresha ibikoresho," birema amatsinda y’inganda mu turere dukungahaye kuri basalt nko mu ntara za Sichuan na Hebei. Ibi bituma ibikoresho byo mu kabari bitangwa mu gace runaka, bigabanya ikiguzi cy’umuyoboro w’ibikoresho n’ibiciro bya karuboni.

Mu gihe kizaza, hamwe n'isubiramo rihoraho rya fibre ya basalt ivanze ikoranabuhanga, rizatera imbere rigana ku "guhuza imikorere, guhindura ibintu ku giti cyabyo, no ku giciro gito." Binyuze mu buryo buhuriweho hamwe n'ibikoresho by'ubwenge n'ibikoresho by'ubushyuhe, ibice by'ubwenge bikora ku kazu (nk'ibyuma by'imbere by'ubushyuhe n'intebe zishobora kwitabwaho n'umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi) bishobora gutezwa imbere. Hamwe n'ikoranabuhanga ryo gucapa rya 3D, ibikoresho by'ubwoko bw'akazu bishobora guhindurwa kugira ngo bihuze n'ibisabwa mu buryo butandukanye bw'imodoka. Uko porogaramu nini zigenda zitera imbere, ibiciro bizakomeza kugabanuka, bigateza imbere ikoreshwa ryayo mu modoka zo mu rwego rwo hagati kugeza ku zo hasi. Hamwe n'ibyuka bike bya karuboni nk'inkingi yayo y'ibanze n'imikorere yayo nk'inkunga yayo, fibre ya basalt irimo kuvugurura imiterere mishya y'ibikoresho by'imodoka, itanga inkunga y'ingenzi mu ngendo zikoresha karuboni nke, kandi ikagira uruhare mu iterambere ry'ibidukikije n'iry'ubwiza bw'inganda z'imodoka.