Imishini Yokukhiqiza kanye Nobuchwepheshe Bokulawula Okunembile Kwe-Basalt Fiber Eqhubekayo

1. Imishini Eyinhloko Yokukhiqiza Eqhubekayo I-Basalt Fiber 
Okuqhubekayo i-basalt fiber Ukukhiqiza kusebenzisa "inqubo yesinyathelo esisodwa", ebonakala ngokuhamba komsebenzi okulula kodwa izithiyo zobuchwepheshe eziphezulu. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokukhiqizwa kwe-carbon fiber, i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo idla amandla amancane kakhulu (ngaphansi kwe-1/10 yamandla okusetshenziswa kwe-carbon fiber) futhi ayikhiphi i-CO₂, i-SO₂, noma amanye amagesi ayingozi, okwenza kube yindlela yokukhiqiza enobungani nemvelo futhi engenakhabhoni eningi. Imishini eyinhloko yokushisa yokukhiqiza i-basalt fiber eqhubekayo yi-furnace, ehlukaniswe ngama-crucible furnace nama-tank furnace.

(1) Isithando Somlilo Esivuthayo
Isithando somlilo esivuthayo sivame ukusebenza ngesithando somlilo esisodwa nge-bushing ngayinye.
Izinzuzo: Usayizi omncane, ukutshalwa kwezimali okuphansi, ukuguquguquka kokulungiswa kwenqubo yendawo, kanye nokufaneleka kokukhiqiza kweqembu elincane noma okukhethekile.
Okubi: Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphansi, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla aphezulu, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo engaguquki, ukusebenza kahle kokukhiqiza okuphansi, kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zizonke.
Njengamanje, izithando zokushiswa ezibanjiwe zibusa imboni yefayibha ye-basalt eqhubekayo, enomthamo wokukhiqiza waminyaka yonke wamathani ayi-100-300. Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwe-electrode kanye nezinto eziphikisayo, izithando zokushiswa ezibanjiwe zinesikhathi esifushane sezinyanga eziyi-6-12. Phakathi nezigaba zokuqala zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni, izithando zokushiswa ezibanjiwe zazilungele ukukhiqizwa okuncane kanye nocwaningo lwemishini.
Izinhlobo Zezithando Zomlilo:

• Isithando Somlilo Esivuthayo: Sishiswa yigesi yemvelo kanye nokusha komoya.
  Izinzuzo: Ukulawula ilangabi okuguquguqukayo, ikhono lokuqalisa/lokuma ngokushesha.
  Okubi: Izinga lokushisa eliphansi lomlilo, amandla okuncibilika aphansi, imfucuza yamandla ngenxa ye-nitrogen (umoya ongu-78%) ekhiqiza ukukhishwa kwe-NOₓ okuyingozi, kanye nokushisa okungalingani okuholela ekungaguquguquki kokuncibilika.
• Isithando Somlilo Esisebenza Ngogesi Wonke: Sifudunyezwa ngaphakathi ngama-electrode epuleti noma enduku.
  Izinzuzo: Ukusebenza kahle kokushisa okuphezulu, ukushisa kwangaphakathi okufanayo.
  Ububi: Isikhathi esifushane sokuphila ngenxa yokuguga kwe-electrode, okudinga ukushintshwa ngokuphelele ngemva kokuwohloka.

(2) Isithando Somlilo Sethangi
Njengoba isidingo sobuningi befayibha kanye nekhwalithi sikhula, izitofu zamathangi (isitofu esisodwa esinama-bushing amaningi) sezibe yinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni okukhulu. Zivumela ukulawulwa okuqinile kokushisa, ukufana okuncibilikayo okuthuthukisiwe, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo ezinzile, kanye nokusebenza kahle okuphezulu, lapho amandla onyaka efinyelela izinkulungwane kuya emashumini ezinkulungwane zamathani.
Izinhlobo Zezithando Zethangi:

• Isithando Somlilo Sethangi Esisebenza Ngogesi Wonke: Sisebenzisa ama-electrode enduku (abekwe ngokuvundlile noma phansi).
  Izinzuzo: Ukusebenza kahle kakhulu kokushisa kanye nokushisa okufanayo.
  Okubi: Izindawo ezishisayo zama-electrode, ukuguguleka okungalingani, kanye nokuphila isikhathi esifushane (~ unyaka owodwa).
• Isithando Somlilo Sethangi Esinomlilo Wonke: Sishiswa yigesi yemvelo enomoya noma i-oxygen emsulwa. Ukushiswa kwe-oxygen emsulwa kuyathandwa ngenxa yokusebenza kahle kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwegesi.
  Izinzuzo: Isikhathi eside sokuphila (iminyaka engu-3+), ukonga amandla nge-oxygen emsulwa.
  Okubi: Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa ekuncibilikeni okujulile, yize ukuncibilika okungajulile kuthuthukisa ukufana.
• Isithando Somlilo Sethangi Esihlanganisiwe Somlilo: Sihlanganisa ukushisa komlilo okuphezulu kanye nama-electrode angaphansi/aseceleni.
  Izinzuzo: Ukuhlanganiswa okuthuthukisiwe kokuncibilika.
  Okubi: Ukwakheka okuyinkimbinkimbi, ukushisa okungalingani, ukulahlekelwa amandla aphezulu okuvela kuma-electrode apholiswe ngamanzi, kanye nokuphila isikhathi esifushane ngenxa yokuguguleka kwama-electrode.

(3) Ukutshala izihlahla
I-bushing, evame ukwenziwa nge-platinum-rhodium alloy, iyisici esiyinhloko sokwakha ifayibha. Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kudinga ama-bushing anomthamo omkhulu. Ama-bushing okuqala ayenemigodi engu-200; amazinga amanje afaka phakathi imigodi engu-400, 800, kanye ne-1,200. Ubuchwepheshe be-bushing buthuthuka ngokuvumelana nokuthuthukiswa kwesithando somlilo sethangi.

2. Ubuchwepheshe Bokulawula Okunembile 
Ukuncibilika kwe-basalt kubonisa izinselele ezifana namazinga okushisa aphezulu okudweba/ukukristala, ukukristala okusheshayo, amafasitela okushisa amancane, ukuqina kwefayibha engalingani, ukumanzika okunamandla kwe-bushing, kanye nokubonakala okungekho kahle kokushisa. Lezi zici zibangela ukungazinzi ngesikhathi sokudweba ifayibha (isb., ukuphuka, ukundiza, ukushintshashintsha kobubanzi). Ukuzinza kuncike ezicini ezintathu:

• Ukufana Nokuzinza Kwe-Melt: Kufezwa ngokuxuba izinto zokusetshenziswa okunembile, ukulawula izinga lokushisa kwesithando, ukulawula izinga lokuncibilika, kanye nokuphathwa kwengcindezi.
• Ukulawula Ukushisa Nokushisa: Kuqinisekisa ukushisa okufanayo kwe-bushing futhi kugwema ukwakheka kwekristalu.
• Ukuthuthukisa Inqubo Yokudweba: Kuhlanganisa ukulawula okunembile isivinini sokudweba, amapharamitha okupholisa, kanye nokuqina kwefayibha.

Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile buhilela izinhlelo zokulawula ezithuthukisiwe zokuxuba izinto, izinga lokushisa lesithando, izinga lokuncibilika, ingcindezi yegumbi, izinga lokushisa lesiteshi, izinga lokushisa le-bushing, kanye nesivinini sokudonsa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-basalt fiber okuzinzile nokuqhubekayo kwekhwalithi ephezulu.