Muka Pātara: He Mīhini Takirua mō te Whakamāmā me te Haumaru i roto i ngā Waka Pūngao Hou
Ngā rauemi hiato muka pātarati, me ō rātou painga o te noho Mama, he kaha teitei, he haumaru, he pai hoki mō te taiao, ka āwhina i ngā waka pūngao hou ki te whakaiti i te taumaha mā te 30%-50%, te whakapai ake i te ātete pānga mā te neke atu i te 40%, me te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga taraiwa. He ātete ahi, he ārai waikura hoki tēnei "rauemi matomato" i ahu mai i te toka puia, e whakaatu ana i te mahi tino pai i roto i ngā pūnaha pākahiko, ngā hanganga tinana, me ngā wāhanga anga, e whakateretere ana i te ahunga whakamua o te umanga ki tētahi heke mai haumaru ake, whai hua ake hoki.
Ngā rauemi hiato muka pātarati Kei te neke atu i te taiwhanga ki te raina whakaputa papatipu o ngā waka hiko hou. Nā ō rātou painga whānui o te māmā, te kaha teitei, te haumaru, te pono, te ōhanga, me te hoa taiao, kei te noho hei rauemi pai hei whakakapi i ngā koranu maitai me te konumohe tuku iho. Ka taea e tēnei "rauemi matomato" i ahu mai i te toka puia te whakaiti i te taumaha o te waka mai i te 30% ki te 50% me te whakapai ake i te ātete pānga neke atu i te 40%, te whakawhānui ake i te whānuitanga taraiwa pākahiko, me te werohanga i te kaha hou ki roto i te umanga waka hiko hou.
He Kaiwhakaari Maha i roto i muka pātarati Ngā Rauemi
muka pātarati He muka kore-waro mahi-teitei tēnei i hangaia mā te whakarewa i te konganuku pātara tūturu i te 1450-1500℃, kātahi ka kumea mā roto i te mīhini hurihuri konukōre-rhodium. Ko ōna āhuatanga ahurei e tino tutuki ai ngā hiahia o ngā waka pūngao hou:
* Māmā:** Ko te mātotoru he 2.65g/cm³ anake, kotahi hautoru te mātotoru o te maitai, e rua hautoru te mātotoru o te koranu konumohe, engari he rite tonu te kaha ki te maitai.
* Kaha Tino-Teitei:** Ka eke te kaha kume ki te 2500-4800MPa (35 ngā wā i te maitai noa), ā, ka eke te kaha piko ki te 1200MPa, 25% teitei ake i te muka karāhe.
* Ātete Ahi:** E tata ana te ira whakangawari ki te 1000℃, ko te taupū hāora whakawhāiti >63, ko te whakatauranga kore-mura V0, kāore e rerekē te āhua, e pahū rānei ina pāngia e te ahi.
* Āraitanga:** Ātete mata ≥10⁹Ω·cm, e ārai pai ana i ngā mōrearea turuturu pākahiko.
Ātete Waikura: Whai muri i te 5000 hāora o te whakamātautau rehu tote, i heke te kaha mā te 9.8% anake, ā, ko te hohonutanga o te urunga o te katote hauota he 0.12mm anake (1/3 o te hohonutanga o te koranu konumohe).
Pūmautanga Wera: He pumau te mahi i raro i ngā pāmahana tino nui mai i te 269℃ ki te 700℃, he mea tino pai mō te whakahaere wera o te pūnaha pākahiko.
Ngā Painga Taiao: Kāore e pau ngā rauemi mata; ko te whakapaunga pūngao whakaputa he 1/3 o te whakapaunga pūngao o te konumohe koranu, ka whakaitihia ngā tukunga waro mā te 70%, ā, ka taea te hangarua 100%.
Te "Hoa Koura" mō ngā Waka Pūngao Hou – E Toru Ngā Wāhi Whakamahinga Matua
1. Pūnaha Pūhiko (Whare Pūhiko): He Huinga Tino Pai o te Haumaru me te Mama
Mā te whakakapi i te konumohe ka whakaitihia te taumaha mā te 35%-50%, ka piki ake te mātotoru o te pūngao pākahiko me te whānuitanga o te taraiwa.
He pai rawa te mahi whakamarumaru wera hei ārai i te wera nui o te pākahiko, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te pākahiko mā te 15%-20%.
He parenga kaha-teitei ki te pakaru o te pākahiko, e whakapai ake ana i te ātete ki te pānga mā te 35%.
Ka whakakorea e ngā āhuatanga whakamarumaru te mōrearea o te turuturu, ā, ka tutuki i ngā paerewa haumaru ngaohiko teitei.
Kua angitu a BYD i te whakawhanake i te hangarau uhi pākahiko muka basalt, ā, kua tutuki i a ia tētahi whakapainga takirua i roto i te māmā me te haumaru, ā, kua whakatakotohia he paearu mō te ahumahi.
2. Hanganga Tinana (Anga Tinana me ngā Uhi): Te Waihanga i tētahi Kāpata Haumaru "Māmā pērā i te Horomia, Mārō pērā i te Toka". He whakaiti taumaha 40% me te pupuri tonu i te kaha o te hanganga, te whakapai ake i te whakahaere me te whai huatanga o te pūngao.
Mā te whakamahi i te hoahoa ranu o te papa basalt/muka karāhe (30% papa basalt + 70% muka karāhe), ka eke te kaha piko ki te 1200MPa, ā, ka whakapaitia te ātete pānga mā te 30%, e tutuki ana i te paerewa whakamātautau tukinga whetu-rima a CNCAP.
Mā te iti o te whakarerekētanga wera e whakarite kia pumau te waka mō te wā roa, kia ōrite hoki te āhua.
Kei te whakamahere a FAW Hongqi ki te whakamahi i ngā rauemi tinana muka basalt i runga i te tauine nui mō te wā tuatahi ki roto i tana waka hiko E702, hei akiaki i tētahi hurihanga i roto i te whakamamatanga o ngā motuka.
3. Te Chassis me ngā Wāhanga Matua: Te Whakapai Ake i te Mahi me te Roa o te Ora.
Pereti paheke o te anga: He whakaiti taumaha 40%, e whakapai ake ana i te pai o te aerodynamic me te tiaki i te pākahiko mai i ngā pānga o te rori.
Pūnaha Whakatārewatanga: He mama ake ngā puna rau i te 50%-70%, he 5 ngā wā ka roa ake te ora o te ngenge, ā, he 12%-15% te iti o te whakapaunga pūngao e whakamahia ana.
Ngā Wira: Kua whakaitihia mai i te 15kg ki te 8kg mā te whakamahi i te koranu konumohe tuku iho, kia whakaitihia ai te papatipu kāore i te pūwerohia, kia pai ake ai te whakamarie me te whakahaere.
Pūnaha Pēki: Ka whakapakaritia ngā papa pēki ki te muka basalt, kia mau ai te tauwehenga waku pāmahana teitei, kia kore ai e "mimiti te wera," kia pai ake ai te urupare pēki mā te 15%, kia whakaitihia hoki te haruru mā te 30%.
Whakapai Ake i te Haumarutanga Whānui – Ngā Ārai Tiaki Matua e Whā
1. Haumaru Tukinga: Tohunga Mimi Pūngao
Te muka pātarati E 40% te nui ake o te kaha e mimitihia ana e te pouaka ngongo hiko hiato i te maitai tuku iho i roto i te tukinga. Mā roto i ngā tikanga wehewehe me te tango muka, ka marara te kaha pānga, ka tiakina pai te kāpini me te pākahiko.
2. Te Tiakitanga Pūhiko: Te Hanga i tētahi "Pātūahi"
Te Parenga ki te Rerenga Wera: Kāore e rerekē te āhua i te 1000℃, e ārai ana i te horapa o te rerenga wera o te pākahiko me te aukati i te tauhohenga mekameka o te ahi.
Ārai Hiko: Ngaohiko pakaru >15kV, ka ārai i te turuturu o te pākahiko kei whara ngā kainoho.
Parenga Hanganga: Kua piki ake te ātete ki te poka mā te 60%, ā, kua ārai i te kino o te pākahiko mai i ngā pānga o te anga.
3. Te Urutau ki te Taiao: Te Whakamana Haumaru mō ngā Huarere Katoa
Ātete ki te Huarere: Ātete ki ngā hihi UV me te waikura ua waikawa, ka roa ake te ora ratonga mā te 2-3 ngā wā, ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu tiaki mā te 70%.
Pūmautanga o te Pāmahana: He pumau te āhua i roto i ngā taiao tino makariri (40℃) me te tino wera (60℃), kia rite ai te mahi a te waka.
4. Hototahitanga Hikohiko: Wāhi Mārie, Haumaru hoki
He tino pai te mahi ārai hikohiko (whai huatanga >30dB), te whakaiti i te irahiko hikohiko i roto i te waka, te tiaki i te hauora o te kainoho, me te whakapai ake i te kounga whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
Te Rua o te Awhe Taraiwa – Te "Pānga Whakarea" o te Whakamāmā
Ngā rauemi hiato muka pātarati whakapai ake i te whānuitanga taraiwa o ngā waka hiko hou mā roto i ngā ara matua e toru:
1. Te Whakaiti Taumaha Tika: Mō ia whakahekenga 10% o te taumaha o te waka, ka piki ake te whānuitanga taraiwa mā te 5%-8%. Mō te waka hiko 2-tana, mā te whakahekenga taumaha o te 300kg ka taea te whakanui ake i te whānuitanga taraiwa mā te 4060km.
2. Te Whakaiti i te Whakapaunga Pūngao: Ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao o te taraiwa motuka mā te 12%-15%, ka whakaiti i te kawenga pūnaha hauhautanga mā te 8%-10% (ka whakaitihia e te hoahoa māmā te whakapaunga pūngao), ka whakaiti i te ātete hurihuri, ā, ka whakaiti i te pakaru o ngā potae mā te 10%.
3. Whakapai ake i te Whai Hua o te Pūhiko: Ka whakaitihia te taumaha o te kete pākahiko, ka whakanuia te kiato o te pūngao, ā, ka whakarite kia pai tonu te whakahaere wera o te pākahiko i roto i tōna awhe pāmahana tino pai, ka whakapai ake i te whai huatanga o te utu me te tukunga mā te 7%-10%.
4. Ngā Painga Whānui: Ka taea e ngā waka pūngao hou e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi hiato muka basalt te whakanui ake i te tawhiti taraiwa mā te 15%-25%, me te whakaiti i ngā utu pākahiko mā te 15%-20% (mā reira ka taea e ngā kete pākahiko iti ake te whakatutuki i te tawhiti taraiwa ōrite).
